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Ionization Engineering of Hydrogels Enables Highly Efficient Salt‑Impeded Solar Evaporation and Night‑Time Electricity Harvesting

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nano-Micro Letters 2024年第1期16卷 131-146页

作者： nan He Haonan Wang Haotian Zhang Bo Jiang Dawei Tang lin Li School of Energy and Power Engineering Key Laboratory of Ocean Energy Utilization and Energy Conservation of Ministry of EducationDalian University of TechnologyDalian 116024People’s Republic of China

Interfacial solar evaporation holds immense potential for brine desalination with low carbon footprints and high energy ***,as a tunable material platform from the molecular level to the macroscopic scale,have been considered the most promising candidate for solar ***,the simultaneous achievement of high evaporation efficiency and satisfactory tolerance to salt ions in brine remains a challenging scientific bottleneck,restricting the widespread ***,we report ionization engineering,which endows polymer chains of hydrogels with electronegativity for impeding salt ions and activating water molecules,fundamentally overcoming the hydrogel salt-impeded challenge and dramatically expediting water evaporating in *** sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate-modified carbon black is chosen as the solar *** hydrogel reaches a ground-breaking evaporation rate of 2.9 kg m−2 h−1 in 20 wt%brine with 95.6%efficiency under one sun irradiation,surpassing most of the reported *** notably,such a hydrogel-based evaporator enables extracting clean water from oversaturated salt solutions and maintains durability under different high-strength deformation or a 15-day continuous ***,on the basis of the cation selectivity induced by the electronegativity,we first propose an all-day system that evaporates during the day and generates salinity-gradient electricity using waste-evaporated brine at night,anticipating pioneer a new opportunity for all-day resource-generating systems in fields of freshwater and electricity.

关键词： Solar evaporation Hydrogel evaporators Salt impeding Ionization engineering Cyclic vapor-electricity generation

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Effects of shore-normal coastal structure on medium-to long-term embayed shoreline evolution

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Acta Oceanologica Sinica 2024年第2期43卷 58-66页

作者： Jitao Yu Yuanting Ding pei Liu Renfu Fan lin Zhang Hainan Academy of Ocean and Fisheries Sciences Haikou 571126China Yazhou Bay Innovation Institute Hainan Tropical Ocean UniversitySanya 572025China School of Geography and Environmental Sciences Hainan Normal UniversityHaikou 571158China

Based on high-tide shoreline data extracted from 87 Landsat satellite images from 1986 to 2019 as well as using the linear regression rate and performing a Mann-Kendall(M–K)trend test,this study analyzes the linear characteristics and nonlinear behavior of the medium-to long-term shoreline evolution of Jinghai Bay,eastern Guangdong *** particular,shoreline rotation caused by a shore-normal coastal structure is *** results show that the overall shoreline evolution over the past 30 years is characterized by erosion on the southwest beach,with an average erosion rate of 3.1 m/a,and significant accretion on the northeast beach,with an average accretion rate of 5.6 m/*** of the M–K trend test indicate that significant shoreline changes occurred in early 2006,which can be attributed to shore-normal *** to that engineering construction,the shorelines are slightly eroded,where the average erosion rate is 0.7 m/***,after shore-normal engineering is performed,the shoreline is characterized by significant erosion(3.2 m/a)on the southwest beach and significant accretion(8.5 m/a)on the northeast beach,thus indicating that the shore-normal engineering at the updrift headland contributes to clockwise shoreline *** analysis shows that the clockwise shoreline rotation is promoted not only by longshore sediment transport processes from southwest to northeast,but also by cross-shore sediment transport *** findings are crucial for beach erosion risk management,coastal disaster zoning,regional sediment budget assessments,and further observations and predictions of beach morphodynamics.

关键词： shoreline rotation non-linear behavior longshore sediment transport cross-shore sediment transport embayed beach coastal structure

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Broadband absorption performance of 3D-printed polyetheretherketone-based electromagnetic wave-absorbing composites

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Chinese Journal of Aeronautics 2024年第8期37卷 547-558页

作者： lin BAI nan CHANG Meiying ZHAO Chi HOU Yi CAO Dichen LI School of Aeronautics Northwestern Polytechnical UniversityXi’an 710072China Chengdu Aircraft Design and Research Institute Chengdu 610091China Xi’an Key Laboratory of Advanced Structure Design and Application of Aircraft Northwestern Polytechnical UniversityXi’an 710072China State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing System Engineering Xi’an Jiaotong UniversityXi’an 710054China

The rapid development of additive manufacturing technology has offered a new avenue for designing and fabricating high wave-absorbing meta *** this study,the mechanical properties and broadband absorption performance of Poly-Ether-Ether-Ketone(PEEK)–based electromagnetic wave–absorbing composite materials was *** high-performance polymer PEEK was used as the matrix,and the materials with electromagnetic wave loss,such as reduced graphene oxide,Carbonyl Iron(CI),and Flake CI(FCI),were used as *** on the theory of impedance matching,a wave-absorbing structure with a gradual impedance gradient was designed and *** test results showed that at the 2.0–18.0 GHz frequency band,the coverage rate of the effective absorption bandwidth was up to 72.0%,the average optimal reflectivity was–18.09 dB,and the wide-angle absorption range was 0°–30°.The advantages of additive manufacturing technology in designing and fabricating wave-absorbing structures are presented,demonstrating that the technology is an effective method for creating broadband absorbing structures.

关键词： Absorption performance Additive manufacturing Electromagnetic absorption PEEK composite materials Gradual structure Broadband absorption

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Hollow Metal-Organic Framework/MXene/nanocellulose Composite Films for Giga/Terahertz Electromagnetic Shielding and Photothermal Conversion

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nano-Micro Letters 2024年第9期16卷 161-179页

作者： Tian Mai Lei Chen pei‑lin Wang Qi Liu Ming‑Guo Ma Research Center of Biomass Clean Utilization MOE Engineering Research Center of Forestry Biomass Materials and BioenergyBeijing Key Laboratory of Lignocellulosic ChemistryCollege of Materials Science and TechnologyBeijing Forestry UniversityBeijing 100083People’s Republic of China State Silica-Based Materials Laboratory of Anhui Province Bengbu 233000People’s Republic of China

With the continuous advancement of communication technology,the escalating demand for electromagnetic shielding interference(EMI)materials with multifunctional and wideband EMI performance has become *** the electrical and magnetic components and designing the EMI material structure have attracted extensive interest,but remain a huge ***,we reported the alternating electromagnetic structure composite films composed of hollow metal-organic frameworks/layered MXene/nanocellulose(HMN)by alternating vacuum-assisted filtration *** HMN composite films exhibit excellent EMI shielding effectiveness performance in the GHz frequency(66.8 dB at Kaband)and THz frequency(114.6 dB at 0.1-4.0 THz).Besides,the HMN composite films also exhibit a high reflection loss of 39.7 dB at 0.7 THz with an effective absorption bandwidth up to 2.1 ***,HMN composite films show remarkable photothermal conversion performance,which can reach 104.6℃under 2.0 Sun and 235.4℃under 0.8 W cm^(−2),*** unique micro-and macrostructural design structures will absorb more incident electromagnetic waves via interfacial polarization/multiple scattering and produce more heat energy via the local surface plasmon resonance *** features make the HMN composite film a promising candidate for advanced EMI devices for future 6G communication and the protection of electronic equipment in cold environments.

关键词： Metal-organic frameworks MXene nanocellulose Electromagnetic shielding Photothermal conversion

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Tetraphenylethene-based hole transporting material for highly efficient and stable perovskite solar cells

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Science China Chemistry 2024年第6期67卷 2009-2015页

作者： Peng Wang pei Yuan Chenghao Ge Rongjun Zhao lin Xie Yong Hua School of Materials and Energy Yunnan UniversityKunming650091China

2,2,7,7-Tetrakis-(N,N-di-p-methoxyphenylamine)-9,9-spirobifluorene(Spiro-OMeTAD)has been identified as the most widely used and effective hole transporting material(HTM)in perovskite solar cells(PSCs).However,the complicated multistep synthesis and low intrinsic hole mobility of Spiro-OMe TAD limit its commercialized ***,developing highly efficient HTMs with less synthetic steps becomes increasingly ***,understanding hot carriers transfer dynamics at the interface of perovskite layer and hole transport layer is crucial for further enhancing PSCs performance towards Shockley-Queisser limit,which still lacks full investigation to ***,a new HTM based on tetraphenylethene(WP1)was successfully synthesized by a simple one-step reaction *** was found that WP1-based HTM exhibits more matched energy level,higher hole mobility and conductivity than those of the control Spiro-OMe *** femtosecond transient absorption results reveal that the transfer rate of hot holes in perovskite/WP1 sample is four times higher than that of perovskite/Spiro-OMeTAD,thereby helping enhance the device ***,the efficiency of PSCs is enhanced to 24.04%(WP1)from 22.85%(Spiro-OMeTAD).Moreover,the un-encapsulated device prepared with WP1 exhibits better long-term stability,retaining 87%of its initial PCE value after storing for 72 days under air environment,while the reference device shows76%of its initial *** work indicates that simple tetraphenylethene-based organic small molecule could be a very promising HTM candidate for highly efficient PSCs,and gives some significant insights for understanding intrinsic hot carriers transfer dynamics in device.

关键词： tetraphenylethene hole transporting material perovskite solar cells mobility hot carrier

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A prompt-based approach to adversarial example generation and robustness enhancement

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Frontiers of Computer Science 2024年第4期18卷 85-96页

作者： Yuting YANG pei HUANG Juan CAO Jintao LI Yun lin Feifei MA Key Lab of Intelligent Information Processing of Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS) Institute of Computing TechnologyCASBeijing 100190China School of Computer Science and Technology University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China Department of Computer Science Stanford UniversityCA 94305USA School of Computing National University of SingaporeSingapore 119077Singapore Laboratory of Parallel Software and Computational Science Institute of SoftwareChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190China

Recent years have seen the wide application of natural language processing(NLP)models in crucial areas such as finance,medical treatment,and news media,raising concerns about the model robustness and *** find that prompt paradigm can probe special robust defects of pre-trained language *** prompt texts are first constructed for inputs and a pre-trained language model can generate adversarial examples for victim models via *** results show that prompt paradigm can efficiently generate more diverse adversarial examples besides synonym ***,we propose a novel robust training approach based on prompt paradigm which incorporates prompt texts as the alternatives to adversarial examples and enhances robustness under a lightweight minimax-style optimization *** on three real-world tasks and two deep neural models show that our approach can significantly improve the robustness of models to resist adversarial attacks.

关键词： robustness adversarial example prompt learning pre-trained language model

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Bimetallic CoNi single atoms supported on three-dimensionally ordered mesoporous chromia:highly active catalysts for n-hexane combustion

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Green Energy & Environment 2024年第7期9卷 1122-1137页

作者： Xiuqing Hao Yuxi Liu Jiguang Deng lin Jing Jia Wang Wenbo pei Hongxing Dai Beijing Key Laboratory for Green Catalysis and Separation Key Laboratory of Beijing on Regional Air Pollution ControlKey Laboratory of Advanced Functional MaterialsEducation Ministry of ChinaLaboratory of Catalysis Chemistry and NanoscienceDepartment of Chemical EngineeringFaculty of Environment and LifeBeijing University of TechnologyBeijing100124China

Developing the alternative supported noble metal catalysts with low cost,high catalytic efficiency,and good resistance toward carbon dioxide and water vapor is critically demanded for the oxidative removal of volatile organic compounds(VOCs).In this work,we prepared the mesoporous chromia-supported bimetallic Co and Ni single-atom(Co_(1)Ni_(1)/meso-Cr_(2)O_(3))and bimetallic Co and Ni nanoparticle(Co_(NP)Ni_(NP)/mesoCr_(2)O_(3))catalysts adopting the one-pot polyvinyl pyrrolidone(PVP)-and polyvinyl alcohol(PVA)-protecting approaches,*** results indicate that the Co_(1)Ni_(1)/meso-Cr_(2)O_(3)catalyst exhibited the best catalytic activity for n-hexane(C_(6)H_(14))combustion(T_(50%)and T_(90%)were 239 and 263℃ at a space velocity of 40,000 mL g^(-1)h^(-1);apparent activation energy and specific reaction rate at 260℃ were 54.7 kJ mol^(-1)and 4.3×10^(-7)mol g^(-1)_(cat)s^(-1),respectively),which was associated with its higher(Cr^(5+)+Cr^(6+))amount,large n-hexane adsorption capacity,and good lattice oxygen mobility that could enhance the deep oxidation of n-hexane,in which Ni_(1) was beneficial for the enhancements in surface lattice oxygen mobility and low-temperature reducibility,while Co_(1) preferred to generate higher contents of the high-valence states of chromium and surface oxygen species as well as adsorption and activation of n-hexane.n-Hexane combustion takes place via the Mars van Krevelen(MvK)mechanism,and its reaction pathways are as follows:n-hexane→olefins or 3-hexyl hydroperoxide→3-hexanone,2-hexanone or 2,5-dimethyltetrahydrofuran→2-methyloxirane or 2-ethyl-oxetane→acrylic acid→CO_x→CO_(2)and H_(2)O.

关键词： Three-dimensional ordered mesoporous chromium oxide Supported bimetallic single-atom catalyst Cobalt-nickel single atoms n-Hexane combustion Catalytic reaction mechanism

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A Stable Copper-based Metal-Azolate Framework for Efficient Electroreduction of CO_(2)to C_(2+)Products

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Chemical Research in Chinese Universities 2024年第4期40卷 664-669页

作者： LIU Yuan-Yuan ZHU Hao-lin LIAO pei-Qin CHEN Xiao-Ming Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry Ministry of EducationGBRCE for Functional Molecular EngineeringSchool of ChemistryIGCMESun Yat-sen UniversityGuangzhou510275P.R.China Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Guangdong Laboratory Shantou515031P.R.China

Driven by renewable or excess electrical energy,electrochemical CO_(2)reduction reaction(eCO_(2)RR)represents a promising carbon-neutral approach to generating valuable low-carbon fuels by consuming CO_(2)and H_(2)O.C_(2+)products are one of the most economically valuable products among the reduction species of eCO_(2)RR,but there are still some challenges,such as low selectivity or low current *** this work,we showed that a copper-based metal-azolate framework(MAF),denoted as MAF-203,exhibits the high performance of eCO_(2)RR to yield C_(2+)products with the Faradaic efficiency(C_(2+))of 52.5%and a current density of 660 mA/cm^(2)at-1.2 V *** in a flow cell device under alkaline *** experiment,in situ infrared spectroscopy and the density functional theory(DFT)calculations showed that the electron donating effect of methyl substituents on organic ligands of the copper-based MAF could enhance the ligand field and activation of key intermediates(*CO and*CHO species),thus promoting the coupling of*CO and*CHO for yielding C_(2+)products.

关键词： Metal-organic framework Carbon dioxide Electroreduction C_(2+)product Metal-azolate framework

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Improvements in energy saving and thermal comfort for electric vehicles in summer through coupled electrochromic and radiative cooling smart windows

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Building Simulation 2024年第8期17卷 1231-1251页

作者： Zhoujie Duan Shuangdui Wu Hongli Sun Borong lin pei Ding Tao Cui Jeremy To Xi Zhang College of Architectureand Environment Sichuan UniversityChengdu610065China Department of Building Science Tsinghua UniversityBejing 100084China KeyLaboratoryofEco Planning&Green Building MinistryofEducationTsinghua UniversityBeijing100084China State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering Sichuan UniversityChengdu 610065China School of EmergencyManagement Xihua UniversityChengdu 610039China Department of PSVD Mercedes-benz Group China Ltd.Beijing 100102China

In hot climates,the large amount of cooling load in electric vehicle(EV)results in a lot of battery energy consumption,leading the decrease of driving *** the widespread application of windows in EV,the electrochromic glass(EC)shows great prospect in lowering the cooling ***,researches on the application of EC in EV lack the consideration of both passive cooling measures and passenger comfort,which limits the further application of *** this paper,we proposed an idea combining the novel techniques of both electrochromism and radiative *** fluid dynamics(CFD)is modeled to simulate the application of electrochromic and radiative cooling coupled smart windows in hot parking conditions,exploring the improvement effect of the window on the thermal environment,comfort and energy saving of the *** results indicate that,under the intense sunlight with an outdoor temperature of 33℃,activating the air conditioning to maintain an average interior temperature of 26℃,the coupled windows reduced the cooling capacity of the air conditioning by 762 W compared to regular windows,which can further increase the range of ***,compared to simple electrochromic fully colored glass,the integration of radiative cooling technology can lower the window surface temperature by up to 10.7℃.Moreover,compared to regular windows,the coupled windows lowered the standard effective temperature(SET*)for passengers by approximately 7℃,significantly improving *** research findings are expected to provide guidance for optimizing window design and enhancing the performance of EV.

关键词： electrochromism radiative cooling smart windowel ectric vehicle cabin thermal comfort energy saving

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Alloy strategy to synthesize Pt-early transition metal oxide interfacial catalysts

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nano Research 2024年第4期17卷 3390-3397页

作者： Shi-Long Xu Hang nan Wanqun Zhang Yue lin Sheng-Qi Chu Hai-Wei Liang Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale Department of ChemistryUniversity of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei 230026China School of Materials and Chemical Engineering Anhui Jianzhu UniversityHefei 230601China Institute of High Energy Physics Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China

Metal oxide supported metal catalysts show promising catalytic performance in many industry-relevant ***,the enhancement of performance is often limited by the insufficient metal/metal oxide *** this work,we demonstrate a general synthesis of Pt-early transition metal oxide(Pt-MO_(x),M=Ti,Zr,V,and Y)catalysts with rich interfacial sites,which is based on the air-induced surface segregation and oxidation of M in the supported Pt-M alloy *** characterizations verify the dynamic structural response of Pt-M alloy catalysts to air and the formation of Pt-MO_(x) catalysts with abundant interfacial *** prepared Pt-TiO_(x) interfacial catalysts exhibit improved performance in hydrogenation reactions of benzaldehyde,nitrobenzene,styrene,and furfural,as a result of the heterolytic dissociation of H_(2) at Pt-metal oxide interfacial sites.

关键词： Pt-early transition metal oxide interfacial catalyst alloy oxidation strategy interfacial sites hydrogenation reactions heterolytic dissociation

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