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Pathological significance of tRNA-derived small RNAs in neurological disorders

Neural Regeneration Research 2020年第2期15卷 212-221页

作者： Chuan qin pei-pei xu Xin Zhang Chao Zhang Chang-Bin Liu De-Gang Yang Feng Gao Ming-Liang Yang Liang-Jie Du Jian-Jun Li School of Rehabilitation Medicine Capital Medical UniversityBeijingChina China Rehabilitation Science Institute BeijingChina Center of Neural Injury and Repair Beijing Institute for Brain DisordersBeijingChina Department of Spinal and Neural Functional Reconstruction China Rehabilitation Research CenterBeijingChina Beijing Key Laboratory of Neural Injury and Rehabilitation BeijingChina

Non-coding RNAs(ncRNAs) are a type of RNA that is not translated into proteins. Transfer RNAs(tRNAs), a type of ncRNA, are the second most abundant type of RNA in cells. Recent studies have shown that tRNAs can be cleaved into a heterogeneous population of ncRNAs with lengths of 18–40 nucleotides, known as tRNA-derived small RNAs(tsRNAs). There are two main types of tsRNA, based on their length and the number of cleavage sites that they contain: tRNA-derived fragments and tRNA-derived stress-induced RNAs. These RNA species were first considered to be byproducts of tRNA random cleavage. However, mounting evidence has demonstrated their critical functional roles as regulatory factors in the pathophysiological processes of various diseases, including neurological diseases. However, the underlying mechanisms by which tsRNAs affect specific cellular processes are largely unknown. Therefore, this study comprehensively summarizes the following points:(1) The biogenetics of tsRNA, including their discovery, classification, formation, and the roles of key enzymes.(2) The main biological functions of tsRNA, including its miRNA-like roles in gene expression regulation, protein translation regulation, regulation of various cellular activities, immune mediation, and response to stress.(3) The potential mechanisms of pathophysiological changes in neurological diseases that are regulated by tsRNA, including neurodegeneration and neurotrauma.(4) The identification of the functional diversity of tsRNA may provide valuable information regarding the physiological and pathophysiological mechanisms of neurological disorders, thus providing a new reference for the clinical treatment of neurological diseases. Research into tsRNAs in neurological diseases also has the following challenges: potential function and mechanism studies, how to accurately quantify expression, and the exact relationship between tsRNA and miRNA. These challenges require future research efforts.

关键词： epigenetics molecular biology neurological disorders review sequencing stress tRNA tRNA-derived fragments tRNA-derived small RNAs tRNA-derived stress-induced RNA

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Dengue in China: not a passing problem

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Science China(Life Sciences) 2014年第12期57卷 1230-1231页

作者： qin Cheng Feng SHI pei Yong Department of Virology Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity Wadsworth Center

China is experiencing the most severe dengue outbreak since the 1980s. Till 31 October 2014, a total of 44497 la- boratory-confirmed dengue cases with six deaths have been reported in China's Mainland, among which 43031 cases were from Guangdong. Although dengue fever is classified as a notifiable infectious disease according to Chinese Ministry of Health, the public and health care system has not fully appreciated the medical burden of this disease. The unprec- edented dengue cases in China have set off the alarm for public health to respond to emerging and re-emerging dis- eases. A comprehensive strategy is needed to win the battle against dengue and other infectious diseases, including sur- veillance, diagnostics, vector control, vaccine, and drug development.

关键词：中国大陆登革热传染性疾病卫生保健公共卫生矢量控制药物开发传染病

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Synthesis, Preliminary Structure-activity Relationships and Biological Evaluation of Pyridinyl-4,5-2H-isoxazole Derivatives as Potent Antitumor Agents

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Chemical Research in Chinese Universities 2017年第1期33卷 61-69页

作者： YANG Hongliang xu Guoxing pei Yazhong College of Veterinary Medicine Northeast Agricultural University Harbin 150030 P. R. China School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Jilin University Changchun 130021 P. R. China

A series of novel pyridinyl-4,5-2H-isoxazole derivatives was synthesized and their chemical structures were characterized by 1H NMR, 13C NMR as well as MS spectroscopic methods, their melting points were also determined. The inhibitory effects of them against breast cancer cell lme（MCF-7） were evaluated by 3-（4,5-dimethyl- 2-thiazolyl）-2,5-diphenyl-2-H-tetrazolium bromide（MTT） procedure in vitro. Most of them possesed potent anti- proliferative activities, among which compounds llc and llj exhibited half maximal inhibitory concentrations（IC50） of 1.9 and 1.5 μmol/L, respectively. These compounds also exhibited potent anti-proliferative activities against both human hepatoma cell line（HepG2） and cervical cancer cell line（HeLa）. Preliminary structure-activity relationship （SAR） information from these compounds can be used to guide further exploration of new compounds with better potency as molecular probes. Further study on the mechanism-of-action of these compounds is under investigation.

关键词： Pyridine Isoxazole Anticancer activity Chemotherapeutic agent

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;ast forward kinematics algorithm for real-time and ligh-precision control of the 3-RPS parallel mechanism

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Frontiers of Mechanical Engineering 2018年第3期13卷 368-375页

作者： Yue WANG Jingjun YU xu pei Robotics Institute Beihang University Beijing 100191 China Department of Mechanical Design Beihang University Beijing 100191 China

A new forward kinematics algorithm for the mechanism of 3-RPS （R： Revolute; P： Prismatic; S： Spherical） parallel manipulators is proposed in this study. This algorithm is primarily based on the special geometric conditions of the 3-RPS parallel mechanism, and it eliminates the errors produced by parasitic motions to improve and ensure accuracy. Specifically, the errors can be less than 10 6. In this method, only the group of solutions that is consistent with the actual situation of the platform is obtained rapidly. This algorithm substantially improves calculation efficiency because the selected initial values are reasonable, and all the formulas in the calculation are analytical. This novel forward kinematics algorithm is well suited for real-time and high-precision control of the 3-RPS parallel mechanism.

关键词： 3-RPS parallel mechanism forward kinematics numerical algorithm parasitic motion

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Effect of RE-Modifier on Microstructure and Mechanical Property of High-Carbon Medium-Manganese Steel

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Journal of Iron and Steel Research International 2002年第1期9卷 36-39页

作者： SONG Yan-pei XIE Jing-pei ZHU Yao-min WANG Ai-qin Luoyang Institute of Technology

The effect of RE-modifier on the microstructure and mechanical properties of high carbon-medium manganese steel has been investigated in present *** results showed that the RE-modifier can refine the crystalline grain of high-carbon medium-manganese *** shape and distribution of carbides are improved and the columnar grains and phosphide in grain boundary are ***,the impact toughness of the steel is increased by more than one time,compared with no addition of RE-modifier.

关键词： RE-modifier high-carbon medium-manganese steel microstructure and property

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Surface oxidized iron-nickel nanorods anchoring on graphene architectures for oxygen evolution reaction

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Chinese Chemical Letters 2021年第11期32卷 3579-3583页

作者： xu Yu Zhixin Zhao Chengang pei School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Yangzhou UniversityYangzhou 225000China

Surface oxidized iron-nickel nanorods coupling with reduced graphene architectures(FeNi-O-rGA)are successfully constructed via hydrothermal,freeze-drying,and thermal activation *** hierarchical structure can provide lots of pathways for fast ion diffusion and charge transfer,and expose abundant catalytic ***,the activity of FeNi-O-rGA is boosted by the optimized metal-oxygen bond strength in FeNi_(3)*** oxidized FeNi nanorods are strongly coupled with rGA by the formation of metal-O-C bonds,which can impede the aggregation of FeNi_(3)alloys and increase the utilization of active *** special structure and partially oxidized FeNi nanorods for FeNi-O-rGA can result in excellent OER activity and catalytic *** 215 mV of overpotential is required to drive the current density of 10 mA/cm^(2)as well as the Tafel slope of 50.9 mV/dec in 1 mol/L *** change of surface chemistry of FeNi-O-rGA is confirmed by XPS after the OER test,which indicates the highly catalytic stability of FeNi-O-rGA due to the formation of intermediate metal oxyhydroxide.

关键词： Architectures Graphene oxides FeNi nanorods Metallic oxide Oxygen evolution reaction

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Lighting up rotaxanes with AIEgens

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Chinese Chemical Letters 2023年第3期34卷 122-133页

作者： Xiao-qin xu xu-qing Wang Wei Wang School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering East China Normal UniversityShanghai 200062China Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional and Intelligent Hybrid Materials and Devices South China University of TechnologyGuangzhou 510640China

Aiming at the construction of novel rotaxanes with desired luminescent properties for practical applications, recently the rapid development of rotaxanes decorated with aggregation-induced emission(AIE) luminogens(i.e., AIEgens) has been witnessed. The combination of AIEgens and rotaxanes leads to the successful construction of a novel type of luminescent rotaxanes with many attractive features. In particular, the unique controllable dynamic feature of rotaxanes endows the resultant AIEgen-based rotaxanes precisely tunable emissions under external stimuli, leading to the construction of a novel type of smart luminescent materials. In this minireview, the recent progress of AIEgen-based rotaxanes has been summarized, with an emphasis on the design strategy and potential applications.

关键词： Mechanically interlocked molecules Aggregation-induced emission Molecular shuttles F?rster resonance energy transfer Light harvesting Aggregate

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Design of Compliant Straight-line Mechanisms Using Flexural Joints

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Chinese Journal of Mechanical Engineering 2014年第1期27卷 146-153页

作者： pei xu YU Jingjun ZONG Guanghua BI Shusheng School of Mechanical Engineering and Automation Beihang University

Straight-line compliant mechanisms are important building blocks to design a linear-motion stage, which is very useful in precision applications. However, only a few configurations of straight-line compliant mechanisms are applicable. To construct more kinds of them, an approach to design large-displacement straight-line flexural mechanisms with rotational flexural joints is proposed, which is based on a viewpoint that the straight-line motion is regarded as a compromise of rigid and compliant parasitic motion of a rotational flexural joint. An analytical design method based on the Taylor series expansion is proposed to quickly obtain an approximate solution. To illustrate and verify the proposed method, two kinds of flexural joints, cross-axis hinge and leaf-type isosceles-trapezoidal flexural（LITF） pivot are used to reconstruct straight-line flexural mechanisms. Their performances are obtained by analytic and FEA method respectively. The comparisons of the results show the accuracy of the approach. Both examples show that the proposed approach can convert a large-deflection flexural joint into approximate straight-line mechanism with a high linearity that is higher than 5 000 within 5 man displacement. This can lead to a new way to design, analyze or optimize straight-line flexure mechanisms.

关键词： flexure mechanism straight-line mechanism flexural joint center-shift

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A novel obstacle avoidance heuristic algorithm of continuum robot based on FABRIK

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Science China(Technological Sciences) 2022年第12期65卷 2952-2966页

作者： WU HaoRan YU JingJun PAN Jie pei xu Robotics Institute Beihang UniversityBeijing 100191China Department of Mechanical Design Beihang UniversityBeijing 100191China

Obstacle avoidance and path planning of continuum robots are challenging tasks due to the hyper-redundant degree of freedoms(DOFs)and restricted working ***,most current heuristic algorithm-based obstacle avoidance algorithms exist with low computational efficiency,complex solution process,and inability to add global *** paper proposes a novel obstacle avoidance heuristic algorithm based on the forward and backward reaching inverse kinematics(FABRIK)*** update of key nodes in this algorithm is modeled as the movement of charges in an electric field,avoiding complex nonlinear *** algorithm achieves the robustness of inverse kinematics and path tracking in complex environments by imposing constraints on key nodes and determining the location of obstacles in *** algorithm is characterized by a high convergence rate,low computational cost,and can be used for real-time *** proposed approach also has wide applicability and can be applied to both mobile and fixed-base continuum *** it can be further extended to the field of hyper-redundant *** algorithm's effectiveness is further validated by simulating the path tracking and obstacle avoidance of a five-segment continuum robot in various environments and comparisons with classical methods.

关键词： continuum robot FABRIK algorithm obstacle avoidance motion planning

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Frequency domain fundamental solutions for a poroelastic half-space

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Acta Mechanica Sinica 2014年第2期30卷 206-213页

作者： pei Zheng Bo-Yang Ding She-xu Zhao School of Mechanical Engineering University of Shanghai for Science and Technology College of Civil Engineering and Architecture Zhejiang University of Technology Department of Engineering Mechanics Shanghai Jiaotong University

In frequency domain, the fundamental solutions for a poroelastic half-space are re-derived in the context of Biot＇s theory. Based on Biot＇s theory, the governing field equations for the dynamic poroelasicity are established in terms of solid displacement and pore pressure. A method of potentials in cylindrical coordinate system is proposed to decouple the homogeneous Biot＇s wave equations into four scalar Helmholtz equations, and the general solutions to these scalar wave equations are obtained. After that, spectral Green＇s functions for a poroelastic full-space are found through a decomposition of solid displacement, pore pressure, and body force fields. Mirror-image technique is then applied to construct the half-space fundamental ***, transient responses of the half-space to buried point forces are examined.

关键词： Poroelastic Fundamental solutions Wave prop-agation Half-space

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