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Review: Surgical Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes

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Pharmacology & Pharmacy 2014年第1期5卷 24-29页

作者： maria Dolores Hellin Gil pedro Pujante Alarcon Alfonso Lopez Ruiz maria Angeles Ibanez Alicia Hernandez Torres Ana Belen Hernandez Cascales Nutrition Service Hospital University Virgen de la Arrixaca de MurciaMurciaSpain Endocrinology and Nutrition Service Hos-pital University Virgen de la Arrixaca de MurciaMurciaSpain Community Pharmacy Bullas(Murcia)Spain Health Center Mar-iano Yago Yecla(Murcia)Spain Infectious Internal Medicine Hospital University Virgen de la Arrixaca de MurciaMurciaSpain

In the last decades we have witnessed a significant increase in the incidence of type 2 diabetes mellitus, and obesity in parallel. So 90% of patients with Diabetes Mellitus type 2 (DM2) are obese. Changes in lifestyle (diet and exercise), behavioral therapies or the use of certain anti-obesity drugs have shown a limited effect and are not maintained over time. Currently, bariatric surgery is the most effective anti-obesity treatment, which is durable and resolves associated comorbidities. The surgical treatment of obesity for the modification of the anatomy of the digestive system is to produce gastric capacity constraints alone or associate with varying degrees of intestinal malabsorption and reduce body weight, improve and maintain the comorbidities associated weight loss by reduced food intake alone or in combination with malabsorption of this. The development of these surgical techniques has occurred in stages. With these techniques, setting to bariatric surgery is an effective, safe and proven procedure for the treatment of obesity and its complications especially DM2, as their post surgery referral mechanisms provide us with information for potential therapeutic treatment aimed at optimizing the control DM2 patients metabolic obese. In this review, we expose the evidence in treatment of DM2 with bariatric surgery and the actual hypothesis trying to explain how it is possible.

关键词： DM2 Bariatric Surgery Gastric Bypass

Molybdenite as a Rhenium Carrier:First Results of a Spectroscopic Approach Using Synchrotron Radiation

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Journal of Minerals and Materials Characterization and Engineering 2013年第5期1卷 207-211页

作者： Teresa Pereira da Silva maria-Ondina Figueiredo Daniel de Oliveira João pedro Veiga maria João Batista Unit of Mineral Resources and Geophysics National Laboratory for Energy and GeologyAmadoraPortugal Faculty of Sciences and Technology Campus da CaparicaNew University of LisbonLisbonPortugal

The chemical and physical properties of rhenium render it a highly demanded metal for advanced applications in important industrial fields. This very scarce element occurs mainly in ores of porphyry copper-molybdenum deposits associated with the mineral molybdenite, MoS2, but it has also been found in granite pegmatites and quartz veins as well as in volcanic gases. Molybdenite is a typical polytype mineral which crystal structure is based on the stacking of [S-Mo-S] with molybdenum in prismatic coordination by sulphide anions;however, it is not yet clearly established if rhenium ions replace Mo4+ cations in a disordered way or else, if such replacement gives rise to dispersed nanodomains of a rhenium-rich phase. As a contribution to clarify this question, an X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XANES) study using synchrotron radiation was performed at the Re L3-edge of rhenium-containing molybdenite samples. Obtained results are described and discussed supporting the generally accepted structural perspective that rhenium is mainly carried by molybdenite through the isomorphous replacement of Mo, rather than by the formation of dispersed Re-specific nanophase(s).

关键词： Molybdenite Polytypes Rhenium Re L_(3)Absorption Edge XANES

Effectiveness of dry needling on reducing pain intensity in patients with myofascial pain syndrome： a Meta-analysis

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Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine 2016年第1期36卷 1-13页

作者： Juan Rodriguez-Mansilla Blanca Gonzalez-Sanchez Alvaro De Toro Garcia Enrique Valera-Donoso Elisa maria Garrido-Ardila maria Jimenez-Palomares maria Victoria Gonzalez Lopez-Arza Department of Medicine and Surgery University of Extremadura School of MedicineAdolor Research Group of the University of ExtremaduraBadajoz 06006Spain IMC Physiotherapy clinic Department of Physiotherapy.Caceres 10001Spain Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine Department Complutense University School of MedicineMadrid 28040Spain

OBJECTIVE: To summarize the literature about the effectiveness of dry needling(DN) on relieving pain and increasing range of motion(ROM) in individuals with myofascial pain syndrome(MPS).METHODS: Papers published from January 2000 to January 2013 were identified through an electronic search in the databases MEDLINE, Dialnet, Cochrane Library Plus, Physiotherapy Evidence Database(pedro) and Spanish Superior Council of Scientific Research(CSIC). The studies included were randomized controlled trials written in English and/or Spanish about the effectiveness of DN on pain and ROM in individuals with ***: Out of 19 clinical trials that were potentially relevant, a total of 10 were included in the Meta-analysis. Regarding pain intensity reduction when measured before and immediately after the intervention, DN achieved improvement compared with the placebo treatment [d =-0.49; 95% CI(-3.21, 0.42)] and with the control group [d =-9.13;95% CI(- 14.70,- 3.56)]. However, other treatments achieved better results on the same variable compared with DN, considering the measurements for pre-treatment and immediately after [d = 2.54;95% CI(-0.40, 5.48)], as well as the pre-treatment and after 3-4 weeks [d = 4.23; 95% CI(0.78, 7.68)].DN showed a significantly increased ROM when measured before the intervention and immediately after, in comparison with the placebo [d = 2.00;95% CI(1.60, 2.41)]. However, other treatments achieved a significant better result regarding ROM when it was measured before the intervention and immediately after, as compared with DN [d =-1.42;95% CI(-1.84,-0.99)].CONCLUSION: DN was less effective on decreasing pain comparing to the placebo group. Other treatments were more effective than DN on reducing pain after 3-4 weeks. However, on increasing ROM,DN was more effective comparing to that of placebo group, but less than other treatments.

关键词：中医理论预防养生

Estimation of Pollutant Loads in Ardila Watershed Using the SWAT Model

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Journal of Environmental Science and Engineering(B) 2012年第10期1卷 1179-1191页

作者： Anabela Durāoo maria Manuela Morais David Brito pedro Chambel Leitā RM Fernandes Ramiro Neves Engineering Department Polytechnic Institute of Beja (IPB) Beja 7800-295 Portugal Laboratory of Water Evora University Evora 7005-345 Portugal Section of Environment and Energy Technical High Institute (Instituto Superior T~cnico) Lisbon 1049-001 Portugal

Excess of organic matter and nutrients in water promotes eutrophication process observed in the Ardila River. It was classified as much polluted being critical for Alqueva-pedrogao System. The aim of this study was to estimate the transported nutrients loads in a transboundary watershed using the SWAT (soil and water assessment tool) model and to determine the contribution of nutrients load in the entire watershed. Ardila watershed is about 3,711 km2 extended from Spain (78%) to the eastern part of Portugal (22%). It was discretized into 32 sub-basins using automated delineation routine, and 174 hydrologic response units. Monthly average meteorological data (from 1947 to 1998) were used to generate daily values through the weather generator Model incorporated in SWAT. Real daily precipitation (from 1931 to 2003) was introduced. The model was calibrated and verified for flow (from 1950 to 2000) and nutrients (from 1981 to 1999). Model performance was evaluated using statistical parameters, such as NSE (Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency) and root mean square error (R2). Calibration and verification flow results showed a satisfactory agreement between simulated and measured monthly date from 1962 to 1972 (NSE = 0.8; R2 = 0.9). The results showed that the most important diffuse pollution comes from the two the main tributary (Spain). The estimated nitrogen and phosphorous loads contribution per year was respectively 72% and 59% in Spain and 28% and 41% in Portugal. The SWAT model was revealed to be a useful tool for an integrated water management approach that might be improved taking into count the WFD (water framework directive).

关键词： SWAT模型污染负荷子流域估计营养物质评估工具模型校准天气发生器

Odd couple: The unexpected partnership of glucocorticoid hormones and cysteinyl-leukotrienes in the extrinsic regulation of murine bone-marrow eosinopoiesis

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World Journal of Experimental Medicine 2017年第1期7卷 11-24页

作者： pedro Xavier-Elsas Daniela Masid-de-Brito Bruno Marques Vieira maria Ignez C Gaspar-Elsas Department Immu-nology Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de GóesUniversidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro Department Pediatrics Instituto Nacional de Saúde da Mulherda Crian?a e do Adolescente Fernandes FigueiraFIOCRUZ

Granulopoiesis in murine bone-marrow is regulated by both intrinsic and extrinsic factors(including hormones, drugs, inflammatory mediators and cytokines). Eosinophils, a minor subpopulation of circulating leukocytes, which remains better understood in its contributions to tissue injury in allergic disease than in its presumably beneficial actions in host defense, provide a striking example of joint regulation of granulopoiesis within murine bone-marrow by all of these classes of extrinsic factors. We first described the upregulation of eosinopoiesis in bone-marrow of allergen-sensitized mice following airway allergen challenge. Over the last decade, we were able to show a critical role for endogenous glucocorticoid hormones and cytokines in mediating this phenomenon through modification of cytokine effects, thereby supporting a positive association between stress hormones and allergic reactions. We have further shown that cysteinylleukotrienes(Cys LT), a major proinflammatory class of lipid mediators, generated through the 5-lipoxygenase pathway, upregulate bone-marrow eosinopoiesis in vivo and in vitro. Cys LT mediate the positive effects of drugs(indomethacin and aspirin) and of proallergic cytokines(eotaxin/CCL11 and interleukin-13) on in vitro eosinopoiesis. While these actions of endogenous GC and Cys LT might seem unrelated and even antagonistic, we demonstrated a critical partnership of these mediators in vivo, shedding light on mechanisms linking stress to allergy: GC are required for Cys LT-mediated upregulation of bone-marrow eosinopoiesis in vivo, but also attenuate subsequent ex vivo responses to Cys LT. GC and Cys LT therefore work together to induce eosinophilia, but through subtle regulatory mechanisms also limit the magnitude of subsequent bone-marrow responses to allergen.

关键词： Bone marrow Leukotriene Eosinophil Stress Glucocorticoid

The Influence of Keratometry on Visual and Refractive Outcomes after Myopic LASER <i>in Situ</i>Keratomileusis

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Open Journal of Ophthalmology 2018年第2期8卷 84-90页

作者： Sara Frazã o pedro Rodrigues Samuel Alves Ana maria Carvalho José Maia Sê co Hugo Nogueira Instituto de Oftalmologia Dr. Gama Pinto Lisbon Portugal

To evaluate the effect of preoperative keratometry on visual and refractive outcomes after Myopic LASER in Situ Keratomileusis (LASIK) in eyes with preoperative spherical equivalent (SE) of -6.00D or less. Material and Methods: A retrospective study enrolling clinical records of 482 eyes of 275 patients with myopia who underwent LASIK between 2009 and 2016. Subjects were grouped according to the degree of preoperative mean keratometry (Km), into three groups: Group 1 (Flat Cornea): Km ≤ 42.00 diopters (D);Group 2: 42.00 46.00D;Group 3 (Steep Cornea): Km ≥ 46.00D. To evaluate the prognostic impact of keratometry in Myopic LASIK, we considered the results measured at 6 months postoperatively, including uncorrected distance visual acuity (UDVA), postoperative sphere, cylinder, SE and its variation. Results: The mean preoperative SE was -3.91 ± 1.54D, ranging between -0.88 and -6.00D. The percentage of eyes achieving a postoperative SE of ±0.50D was 39.5%, 31.8% and 26% in groups 1, 2 and 3 respectively. Moreover, in group 3, 14.3% of the eyes had a residual SE of -2.00D or greater, contrasting with the groups 1 and 2 with only 6% - 7%. These results were found to be statistically significant. Concerning UDVA, eyes achieving 20/25 or more were 81.5%, 81.8% and 71.5%, and 20/50 or less were 6.7%, 6.2% and 11.7% in groups 1, 2 and 3 respectively. Conclusions: Myopic eyes with steeper corneas seem to have greater tendency to undercorrection, also presenting worse visual outcomes.

关键词： Myopia Astigmatism LASER in Situ Keratomileusis Keratometry Spherical Equivalent Flat Cornea Steep Cornea

Characterization and Evaluation of Bond Strength of Dental Polymer Systems Modified with Hydroxyapatite Nanoparticles

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Journal of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering 2013年第7期1卷 13-23页

作者： Vitor César Dumont Rafael Menezes Silva Luiz Edmundo Almeida-Júnior Juan pedro Bretas Roa Adriana maria Botelho maria Helena Santos Department of Dentistry Federal University of Vales do Jequitinhonha and Mucuri Diamantina Brazil Department of Dentistry Federal University of Vales do Jequitinhonha and Mucuri Diamantina Brazil Advanced Biomaterial Center-BioMat UFVJM Diamantina Brazil Department of Dentistry Federal University of Vales do Jequitinhonha and Mucuri Diamantina Brazil Advanced Biomaterial Center-BioMat UFVJM Diamantina Brazil Institute of Science and Technology UFVJM Diamantina Brazil

The study modifies an adhesive system with hydroxyapatite nanoparticles as load, characterizing it and evaluate the effectiveness of its bond to dental structure. The middle thirds of healthy premolar tooth crowns were obtained, and each crown was sectioned vertically, resulting in two sections. The sections were divided into ten groups (n = 15), in which resin composite restorations were simulated: (G1E and G1D) conventional adhesive system (SAC);(G2E and G2D) SAC modified with HAP;(G3E and G3D) Primer modified with HAP;(G4E and G4D) monocomponent adhesive system;(G5E and G5D) self-etching adhesive system. The specimens were submitted to the microshear test and characterization technique. There was statistically significant difference (Kruskal-Wallis) between the groups (p 0.01). G3 presented the highest bond strength to enamel (64.40 MPa, ±7.36) and dentin (39.59 MPa, ±21.46). The majority of specimens were found adhesive fractures. Bond strength to enamel and dentin of the primer modified with HAP of SAC showed higher values.

关键词： Nanostructures Composites Mechanical Properties Fracture

Morbid Obesity in Diabetes Mellitus Type 2 and Exenatide

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Pharmacology & Pharmacy 2014年第2期5卷 149-152页

作者： maria Angeles Ibanez Gil Alfonso Lopez Ruiz Alicia Hernandez Torres Ana Belen Hernandez Cascales pedro Pujante Alarcon maria Dolores Hellin Gil Health Center mariano Yago YeclaSpain Pharmaceutical Care Research at the University of Granada GranadaSpain Infectious Internal Medicine of the Hospital University Virgen de la Arrixaca MurciaSpain Endocrinology and Nutrition Service of the Hospital University Virgen de la Arrixaca MurciaSpain

Worldwide, the prevalence of diabetes and obesity is increasing in recent years in developed countries. The first step of treatment is changes in lifestyle and in case of failure to initiate drug treatment. In our case, the patient with morbid obesity and glucose intolerance to metformin therapy was initiated without achieving weight loss and loss of glycemic control after 6 months of treatment. It was decided to add exenatide as an alternative to bariatric surgery. At the end of the study (12 months), it showed a weight reduction of 20.8% (Table 1), 20.83% BMI, glycosylated hemoglobin decrease of 2 points, and improved the lipid profile. So exenatide may be an acceptable option in the use of patient profile. It would be necessary to seek a new alternative treatment with minimal side effects and less healthcare costs.

关键词： Type 2 Diabetes and Obesity Exenatide

Statins and Sepsis Literature Review

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Pharmacology & Pharmacy 2013年第8期4卷 573-577页

作者： Alicia Hernandez Torres Ana Belen Hernandez Cascales pedro Pujante Alarcon Alfonso Lopez Ruiz mariaÁngeles Ibanez Gil maria Dolores Hellin Gil Hospital University Virgen de la Arrixaca de Murcia MurciaSpain Hospital University Virgen de la Arrixaca de Murcia MurciaSpain Pharmaceutical Care Research at the University of Granada GranadaSpain Health Center mariano Yago MurciaSpain

Recent data suggest that, in addition to improving dyslipidemia, statin may reduce the risk of infections and infection-related complications. The aim of this study is to make a review of the literature about the effects of statins on clinically relevant outcomes of patients admitted to the hospital and having an infection and/or sepsis, principally in terms of intensive care unit admissions and related death.

关键词： Statins Pravastatin Simvastatin Sepsis Bacteremia Mortality