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Less common etiologies of exocrine pancreatic insufficiency

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2017年第39期23卷 7059-7076页

作者： Vikesh K Singh Mark E Haupt David E Geller Jerry A Hall pedro M Quintana Diez Division of Gastroenterology Johns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreMD 21287United States Medical Affairs AbbVie Inc.North ChicagoIL 60064United States cystic Fibrosis clinical Development AbbVie Inc.North ChicagoIL 60064United States cREON^(█) clinical Development AbbVie Inc.North ChicagoIL 60064United States cREON^(█) Development AbbVie Inc.North ChicagoIL 60064United States

Exocrine pancreatic insufficiency(EPI), an important cause of maldigestion and malabsorption, results from primary pancreatic diseases or secondarily impaired exocrine pancreatic function. Besides cystic fibrosis and chronic pancreatitis, the most common etiologies of EPI, other causes of EPI include unresectable pancreatic cancer, metabolic diseases(diabetes); impaired hormonal stimulation of exocrine pancreatic secretion by cholecystokinin(ccK); celiac or inflammatory bowel disease(IBD) due to loss of intestinal brush border proteins; and gastrointestinal surgery(asynchrony between motor and secretory functions, impaired enteropancreatic feedback, and inadequate mixing of pancreatic secretions with food). This paper reviews such conditions that have less straightforward associations with EPI and examines the role of pancreatic enzyme replacement therapy(PERT). Relevant literature was identified by database searches. Most patients with inoperable pancreatic cancer develop EPI(66%-92%). EPI occurs in patients with type 1(26%-57%) or type 2 diabetes(20%-36%) and is typically mild to moderate; by definition, all patients with type 3 c(pancreatogenic) diabetes have EPI. EPI occurs in untreated celiac disease(4%-80%), but typically resolves on a gluten-free diet. EPI manifests in patients with IBD(14%-74%) and up to 100% of gastrointestinal surgery patients(47%-100%; dependent on surgical site). With the paucity of published studies on PERT use for these conditions, recommendations for or against PERT use remain ambiguous. The authors conclude that there is an urgent need to conduct robust clinical studies to understand the validity and nature of associations between EPI and medical conditions beyond those with proven mechanisms, and examine the potential role for PERT.

关键词： celiac disease Inflammatory bowel disease Exocrine pancreatic insufficiency Malabsorption Epidemiology Pancreas Pancreatic cancer Secretion/absorption Surgery

Influence of the Dissipative contact Models on the Dynamic Response of Multibody Systems

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材料科学与工程（中英文B版） 2011年第6期1卷 828-837页

作者： pedro Moreira Paulo Flores J.c. Pimenta claro Hamid Lankarani cT2M/Department of Mechanical Engineering University of Minho Campus de Azur~m Guimar6es 4800-058 Portugal Department of Mechanical Engineering Wichita State University Wichita KS 67260-133 USA

The constitutive law used to describe the contact-impact events plays a crucial role in engineering applications. This paper studies the influence of different contact force models on the simulation of the dynamic response of multibody systems. The main issues associated with the most common continuous elastic and dissipative contact force models are presented and discussed. The contact force models are used for the simulation of a bouncing ball problem. The dynamic analysis of different multibody systems shows that the prediction of the dynamic behavior of hard and soft contacting surfaces depends on the selection of the contact force model.

关键词：多体系统动态响应耗散车型力模型本构关系碰撞事件动态行为

controlling flowering of Medicago sativa(alfalfa)by inducing dominant mutations

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Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2022年第2期64卷 205-214页

作者： Maurizio Junior chiurazzi Anton Frisgaard Nørrevang pedro García Pablo D.cerdán Michael Palmgren Stephan Wenkel Novocrops center University of CopenhagenThorvaldsensvej 40Frederiksberg C1871 Denmark copenhagen Plant Science centre University of CopenhagenThorvaldsensvej 40Frederiksberg C1871 Denmark Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences University of CopenhagenThorvaldsensvej 40Frederiksberg C1871 Denmark Fundación Instituto Leloir IIBBA-CONICETAvenida Patricias Argentinas 435Buenos Aires1405 Argentina

Breeding plants with polyploid genomes is challenging because functional redundancy hampers the identification of loss-of-function *** sativa is tetraploid and obligate outcrossing,which together with inbreeding depression complicates traditional breeding approaches in obtaining plants with a stable growth *** dominant mutations would provide an alternative strategy to introduce domestication traits in plants with high gene *** we describe two complementary strategies to induce dominant mutations in the *** genome and how they can be relevant in the control of flowering ***,we outline a genome-engineering strategy that harnesses the use of microProteins as developmental *** are small proteins that appeared during genome evolution from genes encoding larger *** allows us to retrace evolution and create microProtein-coding genes de ***,we provide an inventory of genes regulated by microRNAs that control plant *** respective gene transcripts microRNA-resistant by inducing point mutations can uncouple microRNA ***,we investigated the recently published genomes of *** and provide an inventory of breeding targets,some of which,when mutated,are likely to result in dominant traits.

关键词： flowering time genome-engineering Medicago sativa microProtein microRNA

Surgical and immune reconstitution murine models in bone marrow research: Potential for exploring mechanisms in sepsis, trauma and allergy

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World Journal of Experimental Medicine 2017年第3期7卷 58-77页

作者： pedro Xavier-Elsas Renato Nunes Ferreira Maria Ignez c Gaspar-Elsas Department of Immunology Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de GóesUniver-sidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro Department of Pediatrics Instituto Nacional de Saúde da Mulherda Crian?a e do Adolescente Fer-nandes FigueiraFIOCRUZ

Bone marrow, the vital organ which maintains lifelong hemopoiesis, currently receives considerable attention, as a source of multiple cell types which may play important roles in repair at distant sites. This emerging function, distinct from, but closely related to, bone marrow roles in innate immunity and inflammation, has been characterized through a number of strategies. However, the use of surgical models in this endeavour has hitherto been limited. Surgical strategies allow the experimenter to predetermine the site, timing, severity and invasiveness of injury; to add or remove aggravating factors(such as infection and defects in immunity) in controlled ways; and to manipulate the context of repair, including reconstitution with selected immune cell subpopulations. This endows surgical models overall with great potential for exploring bone marrow responses to injury, inflammation and infection, and its roles in repair and regeneration. We review three different murine surgical models, which variously combine trauma with infection, antigenic stimulation, or immune reconstitution, thereby illuminating different aspects of the bone marrow response to systemic injury in sepsis, trauma and allergy. They are:(1) cecal ligation and puncture, a versatile model of polymicrobial sepsis;(2) egg white implant, an intriguing model of eosinophilia induced by a combination of trauma and sensitization to insoluble allergen; and(3) ectopic lung tissue transplantation, which allows us to dissect afferent and efferent mechanisms leading to accumulation of hemopoietic cells in the lungs. These models highlight the gain in analytical power provided by the association of surgical and immunological strategies.

关键词： Bone-marrow Trauma Repair Transplantation Surgery

Automatic Detection of cOVID-19 Infection Using chest X-Ray Images Through Transfer Learning

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IEEE/cAA Journal of Automatica Sinica 2021年第1期8卷 239-248页

作者： Elene Firmeza Ohata Gabriel Maia Bezerra João Victor Souza das chagas Aloísio Vieira Lira Neto Adriano Bessa Albuquerque Victor Hugo cde Albuquerque pedro pedrosa Rebouças Filho the Universidade Federal do ceará FortalezaCE 60455-970and also with the Instituto Federal do CearáFortalezaCE 60040-215Brazil the Instituto Federal do ceará FortalezaCE 60040-215Brazil the Universidade de Fortaleza FortalezaCE 60811-905Brazil

The new coronavirus(cOVID-19),declared by the World Health Organization as a pandemic,has infected more than 1 million people and killed more than 50 *** infection caused by cOVID-19 can develop into pneumonia,which can be detected by a chest X-ray exam and should be treated *** this work,we propose an automatic detection method for cOVID-19 infection based on chest X-ray *** datasets constructed for this study are composed of194 X-ray images of patients diagnosed with coronavirus and 194 X-ray images of healthy *** few images of patients with cOVID-19 are publicly available,we apply the concept of transfer learning for this *** use different architectures of convolutional neural networks(cNNs)trained on Image Net,and adapt them to behave as feature extractors for the X-ray ***,the cNNs are combined with consolidated machine learning methods,such as k-Nearest Neighbor,Bayes,Random Forest,multilayer perceptron(MLP),and support vector machine(SVM).The results show that,for one of the datasets,the extractor-classifier pair with the best performance is the Mobile Net architecture with the SVM classifier using a linear kernel,which achieves an accuracy and an F1-score of 98.5%.For the other dataset,the best pair is Dense Net201 with MLP,achieving an accuracy and an F1-score of 95.6%.Thus,the proposed approach demonstrates efficiency in detecting cOVID-19 in X-ray images.

关键词： convolutional neural networks(cNNs) cOVID-19 transfer learning X-ray

A phylogenetic and taxonomic re-evaluation of the Bipolaris - cochliobolus - curvularia complex

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Fungal Diversity 2012年第5期56卷 131-144页

作者： Dimuthu S.Manamgoda Lei cai Eric H.c.McKenzie pedro W.crous Hugo Madrid Ekachai chukeatirote Roger G.Shivas Yu Pei Tan Kevin D.Hyde Institute of Excellence in Fungal Research Mae Fah Luang UniversityChiang Rai 57100Thailand School of Science Mae Fah Luang UniversityChiang Rai 57100Thailand State Key Laboratory of Mycology Institute of MicrobiologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190People’s Republic of China Landcare Research Private Bag 92170AucklandNew Zealand cBS-KNAW Fungal Biodiversity centre Uppsalalaan 83584 CT UtrechtNetherlands Department of Agriculture Fisheries and ForestryPlant Pathology Herbarium(BRIP)Plant Biosecurity ScienceGPO Box 267BrisbaneQLD 4001Australia

Three genera,cochliobolus,Bipolaris and curvularia form a complex that contains many plant pathogens,mostly on grasses(Poaceae)with a worldwide *** taxonomy of this complex is confusing as frequent nomenclatural changes and refinements have *** is no clear morphological boundary between the asexual genera Bipolaris and curvularia,and some species show intermediate *** investigated this complex based on a set of ex-type cultures and collections from northern *** gene analysis of rDNA ITS(internal transcribed spacer),GPDH(glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase),LSU(large subunit)and EF1-α(translation elongation factor 1-α)shows that this generic complex divides into two *** and cochliobolus species clustered in Group 1 along with their type species,whereas curvularia species(including species named as Bipolaris,cochliobolus and curvularia)clustered in Group 2,with its generic *** nomenclatural conflict in this complex is resolved giving priority to the more commonly used established generic names Bipolaris and *** descriptions of the genera Bipolaris and curvularia are provided and species resolved in this study are transferred to one of these genera based on their phylogeny.

关键词： Anamorph Generic complex Neotype Nomenclature Pathogens Pseudocochliobolus

Modelling the role of ground-true riparian vegetation for providing regulating services in a Mediterranean watershed

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International Soil and Water conservation Research 2023年第1期11卷 159-168页

作者： Bruno A.Aparício João pedro Nunes Léonard Bernard-Jannin Luis Filipe Dias Andre Fonseca Teresa Ferreira cE3c-centre for Ecology Evolution and Environmental Changes&CHANGE-Global Change and Sustainability InstituteFaculty of SciencesUniversity of LisbonLisbonPortugal Forest Research centre&Laboratory TERRA School of AgricultureUniversity of LisbonLisbonPortugal Soil Physics and Land Management Group Wageningen University and ResearchWageningenNetherlands Longline Environment Ltd LondonUK

Intensive agricultural and industrial activities are often considered major sources of water ***,riparian vegetation(RV)is increasingly being promoted as a solution to balance the potentially adverse effects that agriculture may have on water ***,existing RV is often overlook in recent modelling efforts,failing to capture the current amount of ecosystem services ***,we used the Soil and Water Assessment Tool ecohydrological model to simulate the influence of ground-true RV on i)nutrient(nitrate and total phosphorus)and sediment exports from agricultural areas and ii)its effect for in-stream *** results are further compared against a set of hypothetical scenarios of different RV widths and different *** results point to a great rele-vance of existing RV in controlling in-stream concentration of sediments and nutrients where pressure from agriculture is highest,preventing them to surpass limits set in the EU Water Framework *** the other hand,in areas with industry discharges,the role of RV is limited and model results suggest that restoring RV would have limited *** illustrate how existing RV may already provide strong but not acknowledged water quality regulation services,how these services can differ substantially between nearby streams,and that effective strategies to improve water quality using RV must acknowledge existing patterns of vegetation,land use and contamination sources.

关键词： Agricultural pollution Riparian vegetation Ecosystem services Hydrological services Mediterranean region

Entrepreneurial, institutional and financialstrategies for FinTech profitability

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Financial Innovation 2022年第1期8卷 487-522页

作者： Santiago carbó-Valverde pedro Jcuadros-Solas Francisco Rodríguez-Fernández University of Granada C/Campus Cartuja s/n18011 GranadaSpain cUNEF Universidad C/Pirineos5528040 MadridSpain Funcas C/Caballero de Gracia2828013 MadridSpain

Notwithstanding the emergence of FinTech startups in the financial services industry,most of these companies face significant difficulties in breaking even and *** study examines the main managerial, institutional, and financial drivers of FinTechprofitability and the time it takes for these firms to break even. The database includesrelevant qualitative factors, such as foundational characteristics, the technologicalprofile of the startup, and its funding structure. Using the full population of FinTechstartups operating in Spain from 2005 to 2017, we observe that most of these firms areunprofitable within three years of their inception. combining panel data and survivalanalyses, we empirically find that large and solvent FinTech firms founded by singleentrepreneurs in an incubator or accelerator program are more likely to be profitableand prevail. FinTech firms reach their break-even points faster if they receive fundingthrough seed capital.

关键词： FinTech Profitability Entrepreneurship Technology Financial strategies Startups

Thermochemical Parameters of Tetramethylthiourea Adducts of certain Metal(II) Bromides

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Open Journal of Physical chemistry 2015年第1期5卷 9-19页

作者： pedro Oliver Dunstan Instituto de Química Universidade Estadual de Campinas Campinas Brazil

complexes of the general formula [MBr2(TMTU)n] (where M is Mn, Fe, co, Ni, cu, Zn or cd;TMTU is Tetramethylthiourea;n is 0.75, 2 or 3) were obtained by the reaction of salts and ligand in solution. The bromides were selected among several other salts because they had thermochemical data in the literature. Properties as capillary melting points;c, H, N, Br and metal contents;TG/DTG and DSc curves;and IR and electronic spectra were determined. The values of several thermodynamic parameters for the complexes were found by solution calorimetry. From them, the standard enthalpies of the metal-sulphur coordinated bonds were calculated. The standard enthalpies of the formation of the gaseous phase adducts also were estimated.

关键词： Enthalpies of Formation Thermodynamic coordinated Bond Enthalpies Solution calorimetry Dissolution Enthalpies Tetramethylthiourea Adducts