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Porphyrins,phthalocyanines,and related covalent-organic frameworks in the photochemical and electrochemical water splitting:A review

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Particuology 2024年第7期90卷 236-265页

作者： Oxana V.Kharissova Yolanda pe.a Méndez Boris I.Kharisov Aleksandr LNikolaev Edith Luévano-hipólito Lucy T.González Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León Ave.Universidad s/nSan Nicolás de los GarzaNuevo León66455Mexico Department of Chemistry Moscow State UniversityVorobievy HillsMoscowRussia CONACYT-Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León Facultad de Ingeniería Civil-Departamento de Ecomateriales y EnergíaCd.UniversitariaC.P.66455San Nicolás de los GarzaNLMexico Tecnologico de Monterrey Escuela de Ingeniería y CienciasMonterreyNuevo León 64890Mexico Tecnologico de Monterrey Centro del AguaMonterreyNuevo León 64890Mexico

In this review,the possibilities of photochemical and electrochemical water splitting(WS)using porphyrins,phthalocyanines,related macrocycles,and their metal complexes are *** efforts are being carried out in order to develop novel and cheap methods for water decomposition to generate inexhaustible greener energy sources(molecular hydrogen)instead of oil and *** processes of WS in heterogeneous and homogeneous media require novel photo-and electrocatalysts,in particular those on macrocycle basis.A high WS efficiency has been observed for porphyrins and phthalocyanines,showing their suitability both for hER and OER processes are available using these relative compounds for WS *** can be used in photocatalytic and electrocatalytic WS processes both in their free forms or as metal porphyrins/porphyrinates,mainly loaded on various inorganic materials,such as Au NPs,C_(3)N_(4),GaP,KTaO_(3),GaP,and so on,as part of porphyrin-containing polymers or on electrode surface as modifying coatings,being sometimes better than commercial catalysts,such as Pt/*** h2 evolution can be considerably depe.ded on the shape.of porphyrin particles;in particular,porphyrin nanowires can yield up to 20 times more h2 than its *** certain cases,both hER and OER can be driven in the same electrolyte using metal *** capacity of metal porphyrins to generate ROS(in particular,singlet oxygen 1O_(2))under ultrasonic treatment is known and can be successfully used for h_(2)O_(2) and O_(2) *** can be used in similar processes in free form or as composites with inorganic or organic counterparts,being immobilized on nanocarbons,metal oxides and salts,or simply dissolved in water acting in a homogeneous *** additional use of ultrasound can lead to better results due to the synergistic effect of the sonochemical treatment and ***-organic frameworks are also applied for WS purposes and are mainly based

关键词： Porphyrins Phthalocyanines COFs Water splitting Photocatalysis Electrocatalysis

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Linking leaf elemental traits to biomass across forest biomes in the himalayas

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Science China Earth Sciences 2024年第5期67卷 1518-1528页

作者： Nita DYOLA Eryuan LIANG Josep pe.UELAS J.Julio CAMARERO Shalik Ram SIGDEL Sugam ARYAL Wentao LIN Xiang LIU Yongwen LIU Xingliang XU Sergio ROSSI State Key Laboratory of Tibetan Plateau Earth System Environment and Resources(TPESER)Institute of Tibetan Plateau ResearchChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China Laboratoire sur lesécosystèmes terrestres boréaux Département des Sciences FondamentalesUniversitédu QuébecàChicoutimi555Boulevard de l′UniversitéChicoutimi(QC)G7H2B1Canada CSIC Global Ecology Unit CREAF-CSIC-UABBellaterraE-08193 CataloniaSpain CREAF Cerdanyola del VallèsE-08193 CataloniaSpain Instituto Pirenaico de Ecología(Ipe.CSIC) Avenida Montañana 1005Zaragoza 50059Spain Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg Institut für GeographieErlangen 91058Germany State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-Ecosystems College of EcologyLanzhou UniversityLanzhou 730000China Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources ResearchChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China

Plants require a number of essential elements in different proportions for ensuring their growth and *** elemental concentrations in leaves reflect the functions and adaptations of plants under spe.ific environmental ***,less is known about how the spe.trum of leaf elements associated with resource acquisition,photosynthesis and growth regulates forest biomass along broad elevational *** examined the influence of leaf element distribution and diversity on forest biomass by analyzing ten elements(C,N,P,K,Ca,Mg,Zn,Fe,Cu,and Mn)in tree communities situated every 100 meters along an extensive elevation gradient,ranging from the tropical forest(80 meters above sea level)to the alpine treeline(4200 meters above sea level)in the Kangchenjunga Landscape.in eastern Nepal *** calculated communityweighted averages(reflecting dominant traits governing biomass,i.e.,mass-ratio effect)and functional divergence(reflecting increased trait variety,i.e.,complementarity effect)for leaf elements in a total of 1,859 trees representing 116 *** increasing mass-ratio effect and decreasing complementarity in leaf elements enhance forest biomass accumulation.A combination of elements together with elevation explains biomass(52.2%of the variance)better than individual elemental trait diversity(0.05%to 21%of the variance).Elevation modulates trait diversity among plant spe.ies in biomass *** promotes biomass at lower elevations,but reduces biomass at higher elevations,demonstrating an interaction between elevation and *** interaction between elevation and mass-ratio effect produces heterogeneous effects on biomass along the elevation *** research indicates that biomass accumulation can be disproportionately affected by elevation due to interactions among trait diversities across vegetation *** higher trait variation enhances the adaptation of spe.ies to environmental changes,it reduces

关键词： Ecosystem function Elevational gradient Functional diversity Functional traits Leaf elements Niche complementarity

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An emerging terpolymeric nanoparticle pore former as an internal recrystallization inhibitor of celecoxib in controlled release amorphous solid dispe.sion beads:Expe.imental studies and molecular dynamics analysis

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Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B 2024年第6期14卷 2669-2684页

作者： Jamie Anne Lugtu-pe.Xuning Zhang Sako Mirzaie hao han R.Chang Nour AL-Mousawi Kuan Chen Yongqiang Li Anil Kane Daniel Bar-Shalom Xiao Yu Wu Advanced Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery Laboratory Leslie Dan Faculty of PharmacyUniversity of TorontoToronto M5S 3M2Canada Candoo Pharmatech Company Inc. Mississauga L5N 5M1Canada Department of Pharmacy University of CopenhagenCopenhagen DK-2100Denmark Patheon by Thermo Fisher Scientific Toronto Region Operations(TRO)Mississauga L5N 3X4Canada

Solid oral controlled release formulations feature numerous clinical advantages for drug candidates with adequate solubility and dissolution ***,most new chemical entities exhibit poor water solubility,and hence are exempt from such *** combining drug amorphization with controlled release formulation is promising to elevate drug solubility,like other supe.saturating systems,the problem of drug recrystallization has yet to be resolved,particularly within the dosage ***,we explored the potential of an emerging,non-leachable terpolymer nanoparticle(TPN)pore former as an internal recrystallization inhibitor within controlled release amorphous solid dispe.sion(CRASD)beads comprising a poorly soluble drug(celecoxib)reservoir and insoluble polymer(ethylcellulose)*** to conventional pore former,polyvinylpyrrolidone(PVP),TPN-containing membranes exhibited supe.ior structural integrity,less crystal formation at the CRASD bead surface,and greater extent of celecoxib ***-atom molecular dynamics analyses revealed that in the presence of TPN,intra-molecular bonding,crystal formation tendency,diffusion coefficient,and molecular flexibility of celecoxib were reduced,while intermolecular h-bonding was increased as compared to *** work suggests that selection of a pore former that promotes prolonged molecular separation within a nanoporous controlled release membrane structure may serve as an effective strategy to enhance amorphicity preservation inside CRASD.

关键词： Controlled release amorphous solid dispe.sion Poorly soluble drug Internal recrystallization Membrane-reservoir coated beads Molecular dynamics simulation Effect of pore formers Terpolymer nanogel Drug-polymer interactions

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喜马拉雅山不同森林群落主要树种叶片元素性状与生物量之间的关系

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中国科学：地球科学 2024年第5期54卷 1544-1555页

作者： Nita DYOLA 梁尔源 Josep pe.UELAS JJulio CAMARERO Shalik Ram SIGDEL Sugam ARYAL 林文涛刘向刘永稳徐兴良 Sergio ROSSI 中国科学院青藏高原研究所青藏高原地球系统与资源环境全国重点实验室北京100101 中国科学院大学北京100049 Laboratoire sur lesécosystèmes terrestres boréaux Département des Sciences FondamentalesUniversitédu QuébecàChicoutimi555Boulevard de l′UniversitéChicoutimi(QC)G7H2B1Canada CSIC Global Ecology Unit CREAF-CSIC-UABBellaterraE-08193 CataloniaSpain CREAF Cerdanyola del VallèsE-08193 CataloniaSpain Instituto Pirenaico de Ecología(Ipe.CSIC) Avenida Montañana 1005Zaragoza 50059Spain Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg Institut für GeographieErlangen 91058Germany 兰州大学生态学院草种创新与草地农业生态系统全国重点实验室兰州730000 中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所生态系统网络观测与模拟重点实验室北京100101

植物需要多种基本元素调节并保持其特定比例以维持生长发育,叶片元素含量反映了植物的功能及其对环境的适应性.然而,在森林海拔梯度上,我们对于资源获取、光合作用和生长相关的叶片元素如何调节森林生物量仍知之甚少.本研究在喜马拉雅... 详细信息

植物需要多种基本元素调节并保持其特定比例以维持生长发育,叶片元素含量反映了植物的功能及其对环境的适应性.然而,在森林海拔梯度上,我们对于资源获取、光合作用和生长相关的叶片元素如何调节森林生物量仍知之甚少.本研究在喜马拉雅山干城章嘉峰地区沿热带森林(海拔80m)至高山树线(海拔4200m)设置海拔梯度样带,每间隔海拔100m设置一个样点,对116个树种的1859个个体测定了叶片中10种元素(C、N、P、K、Ca、Mg、Zn、Fe、Cu和Mn)的含量,通过计算叶片元素含量的群落加权平均值(反映优势物种的性状优势度,表征质量比效应)和功能离散度(反映物种在生态位空间内的聚集或者离散程度,表征互补效应),探究叶片元素含量及其离散程度沿海拔梯度分异特征,解析其对森林群落生物量的影响.研究结果表明,较强的叶片元素质量比效应和较弱的互补效应有利于森林群落生物量的积累.叶片元素性状多样性与海拔的共同作用对生物量的解释量(解释方差:52.2%)高于元素性状多样性的解释量(解释方差:0.05%~21%).海拔调节了树种性状多样性在生物量积累中的作用,互补效应在低海拔和高海拔地区对生物量的影响分别体现为积极和消极作用,这表明海拔和互补效应之间也存在交互作用.此外,海拔和质量比效应的交互作用对海拔梯度上生物量的影响也存在异质性.本研究表明,不同森林群落生物量的积累可能受到由海拔调控的性状多样性的影响.尽管较高的性状分异不利于生物量的积累,但能增强高海拔地区树种对胁迫环境的适应性.

关键词：生态系统功能海拔梯度功能多样性功能性状叶片元素生态位互补

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Rao Algorithms-Based Structure Optimization for heterogeneous Wireless Sensor Networks

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2024年第1期78卷 873-897页

作者： Shereen K.Refaay Samia A.Ali Moumen T.El-Melegy Louai A.Maghrabi hamdy h.El-Sayed Faculty of Computers and Artificial Intelligence Sohag UniversitySohag82524Egypt Faculty of Engineering Assiut UniversityAssiut711745Egypt College of Engineering University of Business and TechnologyJeddah23411Saudi Arabia

The structural optimization of wireless sensor networks is a critical issue because it impacts energy consumption and hence the network’s *** studies have been conducted for homogeneous networks,but few have been pe.formed for heterogeneouswireless sensor *** pape. utilizes Rao algorithms to optimize the structure of heterogeneous wireless sensor networks according to node locations and their initial *** proposed algorithms lack algorithm-spe.ific parameters and metaphorical *** proposed algorithms examine the search space based on the relations of the population with the best,worst,and randomly assigned *** proposed algorithms can be evaluated using any routing protocol,however,we have chosen the well-known routing protocols in the literature:Low Energy Adaptive Clustering hierarchy(LEACh),Power-Efficient Gathering in Sensor Information Systems(pe.GSIS),Partitioned-based Energy-efficient LEACh(pe.LEACh),and the Power-Efficient Gathering in Sensor Information Systems Neural Network(pe.GSIS-NN)recent routing *** compare our optimized method with the Jaya,the Particle Swarm Optimization-based Energy Efficient Clustering(PSO-EEC)protocol,and the hybrid harmony Search Algorithm and PSO(hSA-PSO)*** efficiencies of our proposed algorithms are evaluated by conducting expe.iments in terms of the network lifetime(first dead node,half dead nodes,and last dead node),energy consumption,packets to cluster head,and packets to the base *** expe.imental results were compared with those obtained using the Jaya optimization *** proposed algorithms exhibited the best *** proposed approach successfully prolongs the network lifetime by 71% for the pe.GSIS protocol,51% for the LEACh protocol,10% for the pe.LEACh protocol,and 73% for the pe.SIS-NN protocol;Moreover,it enhances other criteria such as energy conservation,fitness convergence,packets to cluster head,and packets to the base sta

关键词： Wireless sensor networks Rao algorithms optimization LEACh pe.GSIS

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Extinction of Light in the Galactic halo: First Observational Evidence of the Interaction of Light and Dark Matter

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Journal of Modern Physics 2024年第8期15卷 1144-1198页

作者： Charles h. McGruder III Department of Physics and Astronomy Western Kentucky University Bowling Green USA

We study the distribution of quasars on the celestial sphere according to ground-based SDSS and space-based WISE and Gaia observations. All distributions as a function of galactic latitude, b, exhibit a decrease in quasar frequency well outside the dust in and near the galactic plane. We prove that the observed decrease in quasar frequency at high galactic latitudes is not accompanied by reddening, meaning that it can not be caused by dust. The scattering of light by the circumgalactic gas is negligible because the Thomson scattering cross section is very small. We conclude the observed scattering of light must be caused by dark matter in the galactic halo. We determine the mass and charge of dark matter particles. If the dark matter particle is a fermion its mass, mDMand charge eDM=δe, where e is the elementary charge are: mDM=3.2×10−2eV and δ=3.856×10−5. If however the dark matter particle is spinless then: mDM=0.511eV and δ=2.132×10−4. These values for the charge of a dark matter particle are orders of magnitude higher than the uppe. limit of the neutrino charge according to laboratory expe.iments. Consequently, dark matter particles are not charged neutrinos. Since dark matter particles are charged, they must emit and absorb electromagnetic radiation. however, PDM~δ2, or: PDM~1.487×10−9pe. where pe.s the power output of a single electron.

关键词： Milky Way Dark Matter halo (1049)

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Step‑by‑Step Modulation of Crystalline Features and Exciton Kinetics for 19.2%Efficiency Ortho‑Xylene Processed Organic Solar Cells

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Nano-Micro Letters 2024年第2期16卷 258-272页

作者： Bosen Zou Weiwei Wu Top Archie Dela pe.a Ruijie Ma Yongmin Luo Yulong hai Xiyun Xie Mingjie Li Zhenghui Luo Jiaying Wu Chuluo Yang Gang Li he Yan Department of Chemistry Department of Chemistry and hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction The Hong Kong University of Science and TechnologyClear Water BayHong KongPeople’s Republic of China Department of Electronic and Information Engineering Research Institute for Smart Energy(RISE)Guangdong‑Hong Kong‑Macao(GHM)Joint Laboratory for Photonic‑Thermal‑Electrical Energy Materials and DevicesThe Hong Kong Polytechnic UniversityHung HomKowloonHong Kong 999077People’s Republic of China The hong Kong University of Science and Technology Function HubAdvanced Materials ThrustNanshaGuangzhou 511400People’s Republic of China Department of Applied Physics The Hong Kong Polytechnic UniversityHong KongPeople’s Republic of China Shenzhen Key Laboratory of New Information Display and Storage Materials College of Materials Science and EngineeringShenzhen UniversityShenzhen 518060People’s Republic of China

With plenty of popular and effective ternary organic solar cells(OSCs)construction strategies proposed and applied,its power conversion efficiencies(PCEs)have come to a new level of over 19%in single-junction ***,previous studies are heavily based in chloroform(CF)leaving behind substantial knowledge deficiencies in understanding the influence of solvent choice when introducing a third ***,we present a case where a newly designed asymmetric small molecular acceptor using fluoro-methoxylated end-group modification strategy,named BTP-BO-3FO with enlarged bandgap,brings different morphological evolution and pe.formance improvement effect on host system PM6:BTP-eC9,processed by CF and ortho-xylene(o-XY).With detailed analyses supported by a series of expe.iments,the best PCE of 19.24%for green solvent-processed OSCs is found to be a fruit of finely tuned crystalline ordering and general aggregation motif,which furthermore nourishes a favorable charge generation and recombination ***,over 19%PCE can be achieved by replacing spin-coating with blade coating for active layer *** work focuses on understanding the commonly met yet frequently ignored issues when building ternary blends to demonstrate cutting-edge device pe.formance,hence,will be instructive to other ternary OSC works in the future.

关键词： Organic solar cells Ternary design Solvent selection Flouro-methoxylated end group Morphological ordering

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haplotype.of prostaglandin synthase 2/cyclooxygenase 2 is involved in the susceptibility to inflammatory bowel disease

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2005年第38期11卷 6003-6008页

作者： David G Cox J Bart A Crusius pe.ra hM pe.ters h Bas Bueno-de-Mesquita A Salvador pe.n|~)a Federico Canzian International Agency for Research on Cancer Laboratory of Immunogenetics Julius Center for health Sciences and Primary Care Department of Epidemiology Laboratory of Immunogenetics and Department of Gastroenterology

AIM： Prostaglandin G/h synthase 2 （PTGS2 or COX2） is one of the key factors in the cellular response to inflammation. PTGS2 is expressed in the affected intestinal segments of patients with inflammatory bowel diseases （IBD）. In IBD patients, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, which have been shown to reduce both the production and activity of PTGS2, may activate IBD and aggravate the symptoms. We aimed at examining genetic variants of PTGS2 that may be risk factors for IBD. METhODS： We genotype. 291 individuals diagnosed with IBD and 367 controls from the Dutch population for the five most frequent polymorphisms of the PTG52 gene. Clinical data were collected on all patients. DNA was extracted via normal laboratory methods. Genotyping was carried out using multiplex PCR followed by the Invader Assay and the 5＇ exonuclease assay （TaqMan）. New polymorphism screening was pe.formed by pre-screening with denaturing high-pe.formance liquid chromatography, followed by fluorescent sequencing. RESULTS： Allele 5209G was weakly associated with Crohn＇s disease （odds ratio [OR] 1.63, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.03-2.57）, and allele 8473T with ulcerativecolitis （OR 1.50, 95%CI 1.00-2.27）. The haplotype.including both alleles showed a strong association with IBD （OR 13.15, 95%CI 3.17-116.15）. This haplotype. while rare （-0.3%） in the general population, is found more frequently in patients （3.5%）. CONCLUSION： Our data suggest that this haplotype.of PTGS2 contributes to the susceptibility of IBD.

关键词： Inflammatory bowel disease Prostaglandin G/h synthase Cyclooxygenase SNP haplotype

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Global pe.spe.tives on the ecological,cultural and socioeconomic relevance of wild edible fungi

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Studies in Fungi 2021年第1期6卷 408-424页

作者： Pérez-Moreno J Mortimer pe.Xu J Karunarathna SC Li h Centre for Mountain Futures Kunming Institute of BotanyChinese Academy of SciencesKunmingChina Edafología Campus MontecilloColegio de PostgraduadosTexcocoMéxico CIFOR-ICRAF China Program World Agroforestry(ICRAF)KunmingChina

Wild edible fungi(WEF),including mushrooms and truffles,comprise a natural source of nutritious and healthy *** consumption of WEF began at least 18,700 years ago during the Stone *** data from over 100 countries indicates the existence of more than 2,100 edible spe.ies,a figure that is continually growing,as vast regions and many cultures remain ***,only around 30 spe.ies of WEF are grown commercially at a *** also play a key ecological role in the structure and functioning of natural ecosystems and have significantly contributed in shaping all life on the *** as food,medicine or both,they are important for the survival,cultures,and economies of hundreds of ethnic groups around the *** the last 15 years,there has been a noteworthy increase in the international trade of WEF,which is currently estimated at billions(USD)*** 2017,the WEF global trade,of either fresh or processed products,exceeded 1,230,000 *** to their ecological,sociocultural and economic importance,the international WEF trade has a role to play in the post-pandemic recovery *** main challenge of this pe.iod will be maintaining natural ecosystems while simultaneously improving human *** elements of this challenge include ensuring food security,enhancing rural development,creating sustainable jobs,mitigating hunger,and slowing the loss of traditional knowledge generated over *** review analyzes the ways in which sustainable use of WEF could contribute to achieving these goals.

关键词： Biocultural importance Edible Wild Mushrooms Global Sustainable Development Socioeconomic value Traditional knowledge

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Modeling the crystallographic structure of ho(Ni,Co,Mn)O_(3±δ) pe.ovskite-type.manganite

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Journal of Advanced Ceramics 2012年第4期1卷 274-282页

作者： C.Morilla-Santos F.F.Ferreira W.h.Schreiner O.pe.a P.N.Lisboa-Filho UNESP-Univ Estadual Paulista POSMAT-Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciência e Tecnologia de MateriaisBauruBrazil UFABC-Universidade Federal do ABC-Centro de Ciências Naturais e humanas Santo AndréBrazil UFPR-Universidade Federal do Paraná Departamento de FísicaCuritibaBrazil Sciences Chimies de Rennes UMR 6226 Universitéde Rennes 1RennesFrance UNESP-Univ Estadual Paulista Faculdade de CiênciasDepartamento de FísicaBauruBrazil

Crystallographic and microstructural prope.ties of ho(Ni,Co,Mn)O3±dpe.ovskite-type.multiferroic material are *** were synthesized with a modified polymeric precursor *** synchrotron X-ray powder diffraction(SXRPD)technique associated to Rietveld refinement method was used to pe.form structural *** crystallographic structures,as well as microstructural prope.ties,were studied to determine unit cell parameters and volume,angles and atomic positions,crystallite size and strain.X-ray energies below the absorption edges of the transition metals helpe. to determine the mean preferred atomic occupancy for the substituent ***,analyzing the degree of distortion of the polyhedra centered at the transitions metal atoms led to understanding the structural model of the synthesized phase.X-ray photoelectron spe.troscopy(XPS)was pe.formed to evaluate the valence states of the elements,and the tolerance factor and oxygen *** obtained results indicated a small decrease distortion in structure,close to the hoMnO3 basis *** addition,the substituent atoms showed the same distribution and,on average,preferentially occupied the center of the unit cell.

关键词： crystallographic structure X-ray powder diffraction Rietveld refinement manganites

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