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A dopamine and noradrenaline reuptake inhibitor （bupropion） does not alter exercise performance of bank voles

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Current Zoology 2016年第3期62卷 307-315页

作者： Ewa JAROMIN Edyta Teresa SADOWSKA pawet KOTEJA Institute of Environmental Sciences Jagiellonian University Gronostajowa 7 Krakow 30-387 Poland

Physical performance is determined both by biophysical and physiological limitations and behav- ioral characteristic, specifically motivation. We applied an experimental evolution approach com- bined with pharmacological manipulation to test the hypothesis that evolution of increased aerobic exercise performance can be triggered by evolution of motivation to undertake physical activity. We used a unique model system： bank voles from A lines, selected for high swim-induced aerobic metabolism （VO2swim）, which achieved a 61% higher mass-adjusted VO2swim than those from un- selected C lines. Because the voles could float on the water surface with only a minimum activity, the maximum rate of metabolism achieved in that test depended not only on their aerobic capacity, but also on motivation to undertake intensive activity. Therefore, we hypothesized that signaling of neurotransmitters putatively involved in regulating physical activity （dopamine and noradrenaline） had changed in response to selection. We measured VO2swim after intraperitoneal injections of sa- line or the norepinephrine and dopamine reuptake inhibitor bupropion （20 mg/kg or 30 mg/kg）. Additionally, we measured forced-exercise VO2 （VO2max）. In C lines, VO2swim （mass-adjusted mean ± standard error （SE）： 4.0 ± 0.1 mLO2/min） was lower than VO2max （5.0 ± 0.1 mLO2/min）, but in A lines VO2swim （6.0 ± 0.1 mLO2/min） was as high as VO2max （6.0 ± 0.1 mLO2/min）. Thus, the selection effectively changed both the physiological-physical performance limit and mechanisms responsible for the willingness to undertake vigorous locomotor activity. Surprisingly, the drug had no effect on the achieved level of VO2swim. Thus, the results did not allow firm conclusions concerning involvement of these neurotransmitters in evolution of increased aerobic exercise performance in the experimental evolution model system.

关键词： exercise performance motivation physical activity selection experiment.

Phenotypic plasticity can explain evolution of sympatric polymorphism in the hairy snail Trochulus hispidus （Linnaeus, 1758）

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Current Zoology 2017年第4期63卷 389-402页

作者： Matgorzata PROCKOW Elzbieta KUZNIK-KOWALSKA pawet MACKIEWICZ Museum of Natural History University of Wroctaw Invertebrate Systematics and Ecology Institute of Sienkiewicza 21 50-335 WrocTaw Poland Department of Biology Wroctaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences Kozuchowska 5b 51-631 Wroctaw Poland Department of Genomics Faculty of Biotechnology University of Wroctaw Fryderyka Joliot-Curie 14a 50-383 Wroctaw Poland

Morphological variation of snails from the genus Trochulus is so huge that their taxonomy is unclear. The greatest variability concerns forms hispidus and sericeus/plebeius, which are often considered as separate species. To evidence the species barriers, we carried out crossbreeding ex- periments between these two sympatric morphs. Moreover, we compared the shell morphology of laboratory-bred offspring with their wild parents to test if the variation can be explained by the phenotypic plasticity model. We found that the two Trochulus morphs show no reproductive bar- riers. The fecundity rates, the mean clutch size, and F~ viability observed for all crosses were not significantly different. In hybrid crosses （in F2 generation）, we also recorded reproduction compati- bility, similar fecundity, and hatching success as in their parents. Accordingly, phylogenetic ana- lyses revealed the significant grouping of sequences from these different morphs and supported no constrains in reproduction between them. Comparison of shell morphology between wild and laboratory samples showed that various characters appeared highly plastic. The average shell shape of the hispidus morph changed significantly from flat with wide umbilicus to elevated with narrower umbilicus such as in the sericeus/plebeius morph. All these findings indicate that the examined morphs do not represent separate biological species and the evolutionary process is not advanced enough to separate their genetic pool. Therefore, phenotypic plasticity has played a sig- nificant role in the evolution of Trochulus shell polymorphism. The two morphs can evolve inde- pendently in separate phylogenetic lineages under the influence of local environmental conditions.

关键词： crossbreeding cytochrome c oxidase subunit I molecular phylogeny phenotypic variation principal component analysis shell morphology.

Intraseasonal asynchrony as a factor boosting isolation within a metapopulation: The case of the clouded apollo

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Insect Science 2019年第5期26卷 911-922页

作者： pawet Adamski Adam M.Cmiel Anna M.Lipinska Polish Academy of Sciences Institute of Nature ConservationKrakowPoland

This article discusses the influence of phenology-related intraseasonal asynchrony on metapopulation dynamics and stability. As the part played by intraseasonal asynchrony is as yet unclear and poorly described, greater account of it should be taken in both metapopulation research and conservation practice. The subpopulations of the Parnassius mnemosyne metapopulation studied here are strongly isolated because of the phenological shift between them, despite the relatively small physical distances between them. This isolation is the result of a significant temporal shift in the species' flight periods in the main metapopulation centers: in som e seasons its flight times in the different subpopulations did not overlap at all. The predicted results of such strong intraseasonal asynchrony are not altogether clear. On the one hand, they reduce the vulnerability of the entire metapopulation to the effects of short-term random disasters. On the other, the ever-greater isolation of subpopulations may cause the metapopulation to becom e a nonequilibrium one, which will have a serious impact on its long-term survival.

关键词： allee effect demography mathematical modeling metapopulation stability phenology

The effect of monoamines reuptake inhibitors on aerobic exercise performance in bank voles from a selection experiment

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Current Zoology 2019年第4期65卷 409-419页

作者： Ewa Jaromin Edyta T. Sadowska pawet Koteja Institute of Environ metal Sciences Jagiellonian University 7 Gronostajowa Street 30-387 Krakow Poland

Exercise performance depends on both physiological abilities (e.g., muscle strength) and behavioral characteristics (e.g., motivati on). We tested the hypothesis that evoluti on of in creased aerobic exercise performanee can be facilitated by evolution of neuropsychological mechanisms responsible for motivation to undertake physical activity. We used a unique model system: lines of bank voles Myodes glareolus selected for high swim-induced aerobic metabolism ("aerobic" A lines). In gen eration 21, voles from the 4 A lines achieved a 57% higher /y voluntary maximum" swiminduced aerobic metabolism (V02swim) than voles from 4 unselected,"control" C lines. In C lines, V02swim was 9% lower than the maximum forced-exercise aerobic metabolism (VO2run;P= 0.007), while in A lines it was even higher than VO2run, although not significantly (4%, P=0.15). Thus, we hypothesized that selection changed both the aerobic capacity and the neuronal mechanisms behi nd motivation to un dertake activity. We investigated the influe nee of reuptake in hibitors of dopamine (DARI), serotonin (SSRI), and norepinephrine (NERI) on VOaSwim. The drugs decreased V02swim both in C and A lines (% decrease compared with saline: DARI 8%, P< 0.001;SSRI 6%, P< 0.001;NERI 8%, P< 0.001), but the proportional response differed between selection directions only for NERI (stronger effect in C lines: P= 0.008) and the difference was marginally non-significant for SSRI (P= 0.07) and DARI (P= 0.06). Thus, the results suggest that all the 3 monoamines are involved in signaling pathways controlling the motivation to be active and that norepinephrine could have played a role in the evolution of increased aerobic exercise performance in our animal model.

关键词： experimental evolution monoamines motivation physical activity selective breeding voluntary exercise

Experimental evolution of personality traits: open-field exploration in bank voles from a multidirectional selection experiment

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Current Zoology 2019年第4期65卷 375-384页

作者： Uttaran MAITI Edyta T. SADOWSKA Katarzyna M. CHRZASCIK pawet KOTEJA Institute of Environmental Sciences Jagiellonian University Gronostajowa Krakow Poland

Evolution of complex physiological adaptations could be driven by natural selection acting on behavioral traits. Consequently, animal personality traits and their correlation with physiological traits have become an engaging research area. Here, we applied a unique experimental evolution model lines of bank voles selected for (A) high exercise-induced aerobic metabolism,(H) ability to cope with low-quality herbivorous diet, and (P) intensity of predatory behavior, that is, traits shaping evoluti on ary path and diversity of mammals and asked how the selecti on affected the voles' personality traits, assessed in an open field test. The A- and P-line voles were more active, whereas the H-line voles were less active, compared those from unselected control lines (C). H-line voles moved slower but on more meandering trajectories, which indicated a more thorough explorati on, whereas the A- and P-line voles moved faster and on straighter trajectories. A-line voles showed also an increased escape propensity, whereas P-line voles tended to be bolder. The remarkable correlated responses to the selectio n indicate a comm on gen etic un derlying mecha nism of behavioral and physiological traits, and support the paradigm of evoluti on ary physiology built around the concept of correlated evolution of behavior and physiology.

关键词： evolution behavior physiology selection rodents Myodes glareolus

Demise of the Jablonna Reef(Zechstein Limestone)and the onset of gypsum deposition(Wuchiapingian,west Poland):carbonate-to-evaporite transition in a saline giant

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Journal of Palaeogeography 2020年第3期9卷 363-377页

作者： Tadeusz Marek Peryt Marek Jasionowski pawet Raczyiiski Krzysztof Chtdek Polish Geological Institute-National Research Institute Rakowiecka 400-975 WarszawaPoland lnstitute of Geological Sciences University of WrodawPI.Maksa Borna 950-205 WroclawPoland Polish Oil and Gas Company Naftowa 365-705 Zielona G6raPoland.

Microbial deposits commonly occur at the transition between carbonate and sulphate facies,and they also abound in the uppermost part of the middle Wuchiapingian Zechstein Limestone in west *** deposits occur as isolated reefs of the basinal zone and in the condensed sequences in most parts of the study *** deposits of the latter category reflect evaporative drawdown,and the abrupt boundary between the carbonate and sulphate deposits in the basin suggests the nature of evaporites that start to precipitate as soon as they reach the saturation level.A few-metre-thick unit of mostly brecciated microbial deposits at the top,reefal portion of the Zechstein Limestone records extreme palaeoenvironmental events that occurred at the transition from carbonate to sulphate *** events are related first to subaerial exposure of the reef,which lasted several 10~5 years and then to the Lower Anhydrite transgression.

关键词： Carbonate-sulphate transition Late Permian Reefs Microbial deposits Salt giants Central Europe

耦合非线性振子链的周期性驱动动力学研究（英文）

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Journal of Zhejiang University-Science A(Applied Physics & Engineering) 2017年第7期18卷 497-510页

作者： Roman STAROSTA Jan AWREJCEWICZ pawet FRITZKOWSKI Grazyna SYPNIEWSKA-KAMINSKA Institute of Applied Mechanics Poznan University of Technology Poznan 60-965 Poland Department of Automatics and Biomechanics Technical University of Ldd2 Ldd2 90-924 Poland

目的:考虑一个包含Duffing型非线性、粘性阻尼和运动谐波激励的一维耦合振子链,本文旨在推导描述振幅和相位的近似方程,得到并检验两类基本共振态(同振和反向共振)发生的条件,同时分析模型参数对同步率的影响。创新点:1.利用时间序列的... 详细信息

目的:考虑一个包含Duffing型非线性、粘性阻尼和运动谐波激励的一维耦合振子链,本文旨在推导描述振幅和相位的近似方程,得到并检验两类基本共振态(同振和反向共振)发生的条件,同时分析模型参数对同步率的影响。创新点:1.利用时间序列的互相关测量特定振子间的相互蝶,并通过一系列的数值实验来验证理论预测的结果;2.给出考虑干摩擦的系统共振的一些简要说明。方法:1.采用经典的平均值法进行理论分析;2.采用MEBDFV求解器计算多自由系统的数值解。结论:1.利用平均值法确定了两种共振现象:同相状态(低频激励)和反相状态(高频激励);2.关于同相共振的预测非常琐碎但对多自由度的振子链非常适用;3.对于反相共振的预测适用于短的振子链;4.可以通过改变系统的物理参数来提高同步率。

关键词：耦合非线性振子同步运动平均值法

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波兰民主疗伤

财经 2010年第14期 54-55页

作者： pawet swieboda 波兰智库“欧洲战略中心”

两位波兰总统候选人的区别更多是一种风格之异，而非实质之别。这样的选举也许不是那么动人心魄，但它本身就代表了波兰政冶体制的成功。它说明，波兰的政治正在走向折衷化，政治家在向中间派选民的立场靠近。

关键词：波兰民主总统候选人政冶体制政治家折衷化中间派选举

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