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Thermal properties of AlN polycrystals obtained by pulse plasma sintering method

Journal of Advanced Ceramics 2013年第2期2卷 180-184页

作者： pawełJ.rutkowski Dariusz KATA Department of Ceramics and Refractories Faculty of Materials Science and CeramicsAGH University of Science and Technologyal.Mickiewicza 3030-059 KrakowPoland

Aluminum nitride(AlN)polycrystals were prepared by pulse plasma sintering(PPS)*** starting AlN powder mixtures were composed with 3.0 wt%,5.0 wt%and 10 wt%of yttrium oxide(Y_(2)O_(3)),*** density of each polycrystal was measured by hydrostatic method and evaluated higher than 97%.X-ray diffraction(XRD)method was used for phase examination of the samples after heat *** examination supported by computer-aided analysis was performed by scanning electron microscopy(SEM)and energy dispersive spectrometry(EDS).The results were correlated with thermal conductivity of the samples carried out by laser pulse method(LFA).The influence of the rapid sintering technique and yttrium oxide additive content on the thermal conductivity and microstructure appearance of AlN polycrystals was clearly shown.

关键词： aluminum nitride(AlN) thermal conductivity microstructure thermal diffusivity specific heat

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The Impact of Willow Flowering Time on Species Composition and the Number of <i>Apoidea</i>Pollinators

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Journal of Biosciences and Medicines 2021年第11期9卷 89-100页

作者： Monika Konatowska paweł rutkowski Jacek Wendzonka Poznań University of Life Sciences Poznan Poland Adam Mickiewicz University Poznan Poland

Pollinators are important to wild and cultivated plants, and the same plants are important to pollinators as well. A very important source of pollen and nectar to pollinators are willows (Salix spp.). The aim of this study was to demonstrate which Apoidea species are attracted by a species-diverse willow plantation (Poznań University of Life Sciences Willow Collection, Poland), the proportion of the number of honeybees to other species from the Apoidea superfamily visiting willow plantations, and whether the flowering date of male and female willow individuals affect the species composition and number of pollinators. Observations of willow phenology were carried out in the second year of willow growth, from March 9 to December 7, 2012. The insects were observed between April 6 and May 11, 2012. The results of this study showed 30 Apoidea species. Among 1591 Apoidea individuals, only 17 honeybee individuals were noted. The results show that the willow pollen production optimum occurred when the minimum air temperatures stopped dropping below zero. This parameter and this period are also related to the intensification of the occurrence of the noted insects. It can also be concluded that the pollen production season precedes the flowering optimum of female flowers and that the optimum flowering of female flowers is correlated with a significant increase in air temperature.

关键词： Willows Apoidea Pollinators Air Temperature

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The Impact of Willow Flowering Time on Species Composition and the Number of Apoidea Pollinators

The Impact of Willow Flowering Time on Species Composition a...

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作者： Monika Konatowska pawe? rutkowski Jacek Wendzonka Poznań University of Life Sciences Adam Mickiewicz University

Pollinators are important to wild and cultivated plants, and the same plants are important to pollinators as well.A very important source of pollen and nectar to pollinators are willows（Salix spp.）.The aim of this study was to demonstrate which Apoidea species are attracted by a species-diverse willow plantation（Poznań University of Life Sciences Willow Collection, Poland）, the proportion of the number of honeybees to other species from the Apoidea superfamily visiting willow plantations, and whether the flowering date of male and female willow individuals affect the species composition and number of *** of willow phenology were carried out in the second year of willow growth, from March 9 to December 7, *** insects were observed between April 6 and May 11, *** results of this study showed 30 Apoidea *** 1591 Apoidea individuals, only 17 honeybee individuals were *** results show that the willow pollen production optimum occurred when the minimum air temperatures stopped dropping below *** parameter and this period are also related to the intensification of the occurrence of the noted *** can also be concluded that the pollen production season precedes the flowering optimum of female flowers and that the optimum flowering of female flowers is correlated with a significant increase in air temperature.

关键词： Willows Apoidea Pollinators Air Temperature

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