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Assessment of quadriceps muscle thickness using bedside ultrasonography by nurses and physicians in the intensive care unit:Intra- and inter-operator agreement

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World Journal of Critical Care Medicine 2019年第7期8卷 127-134页

作者： Rohit Kumar Tajamul Hussain Shah Vijay Hadda pawan tiwari Saurabh Mittal Karan Madan Maroof Ahmad Khan Anant Mohan Department of Pulmonary Critical Care and Sleep MedicineAll India Institute of Medical SciencesNew Delhi 110029India Department of Biostatistics All India Institute of Medical SciencesNew Delhi 110029India

BACKGROUND Data regarding the agreement among multiple operators for measurement of quadriceps muscle thickness by bedside ultrasonography(USG)are *** To statistically assess the agreement among 5 operators for measurement of quadriceps muscle thickness on bedside *** This was a cross-sectional observational *** 5 operators of varied experience(comprised of 1 critical care consultant,2 fellows,and 2 nurses)independently measured quadriceps muscle thickness in triplicate for 45 critically ill patients each,using ***-and interrater agreement rates among the 5 operators were assessed using intraclass correlation coefficient(ICC)and expressed with 95%confidence interval(CI).RESULTS The 5 operators produced a total of 135 readings and 675 observations for ICC calculations to determine the intraoperator and interoperator variations *** intraoperator agreement,the overall ICC(95%CI)was 0.998(0.997,0.999)for operator 1,0.998(0.997,0.999)for operator 2,0.997(0.995,0.999)for operator 3,0.999(0.998,0.999)for operator 4,and 0.998(0.997,0.999)for operator *** interoperator agreement,the overall ICC(95%CI)was 0.977(0.965,0.986;P<0.001)for reading 1,0.974(0.960,0.984;P<0.001)for reading 2,and 0.975(0.961,0.985;P<0.001)for reading *** USG measurement of quadriceps muscle thickness was not dependent on clinical experience,supporting training for nurses in it.

关键词： Agreement Intensive care unit Critical illness Muscle thickness Quadricepsmuscle Ultrasonography

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Radio spectral index from NVSS and TGSS

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Research in Astronomy and Astrophysics 2019年第7期19卷 59-66页

作者： Prabhakar tiwari National Astronomical Observatories Chinese Academy of Sciences

I extract the radio spectral index,α,from 541 195 common sources observed in the 150 MHz TIFR GMRT Sky Survey(TGSS) and the 1.4 GHz NRAO VLA Sky Survey(NVSS).This large common source catalog covers about 80% of the *** flux density limits in these surveys are such that the observed galaxies are presumably hosts of active galactic nuclei(AGNs).I confirm the steepening of αwith increasing flux density for this large sample and provide a parametric fit between α and flux ***,I divide the data into low flux(LF) and high flux(HF) density samples with roughly equal numbers of *** LF sample contains all galaxies below 100 m Jy TGSS and 20 m Jy NVSS flux density and the HF sample is all galaxies above 100 m Jy TGSS and 20 m Jy NVSS.I observe an increase in α with source size(TGSS measured),saturating for large sizes to 0.89 ± 0.22 and 0.76 ± 0.21 for the LF and HF sources,respectively.I discuss the observed results and possible physical mechanisms to explain observedα dependence with source size for LF and HF samples.

关键词： galaxies:high-redshift galaxies:active galactic nuclei

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Reliability assessment of deep excavations in spatially random cohesion weakening friction strengthening massive rocks:Application to nuclear repositories

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Underground Space 2023年第6期13卷 48-73页

作者： Akshay Kumar Gaurav tiwari Department of Civil Engineering Indian Institute of Technology KanpurKanpurUttar Pradesh 208016India

An augmented methodology is developed to estimate the reliability of deep excavations along spatially variable massive rock masses using the cohesion weakening friction strengthening(CWFS)*** parameters of the CWFS model were initially identified using Sobol’s global sensitivity analysis based on their influence on the displacements and excavation damage zone around *** probability of failure was estimated by performing Mont–Carlo Simulations on random finite difference models of excavations generated via MATLAB-FLAC2D coupling,considering the spatial variation of these sensitive *** variation was modeled by generating anisotropic random fields of sensitive CWFS parameters via the recently developed Fourier series method and updated correlations suggested by Walton(2019).The proposed methodology was demonstrated for a proposed deep nuclear waste repository to be located in *** from the developed methodology were systematically compared with those of traditional reliability(ignoring spatial variation)and deterministic methods(ignoring uncertainty).Although the developed methodology was computationally complex,it was judged to be the most realistic due to the realistic consideration of heterogeneous distributions of rock *** methodologies underestimate/overestimate the excavation performance due to negligence of uncertainty and spatial ***,a parametric analysis was performed using developed methodology by varying the initial friction angle,scale of fluctuations(SOFs)and dilation *** effect of initial friction angle was observed to be more pronounced on the probability of failures as compared to SOFs and dilation *** observations were made related to the excavation damage zone(EDZ)development quantified using yield area ratio.

关键词： Deep excavations Brittle failures CWFS model Sobol’s sensitivity Moving least square response surface Fourier series random field

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LRS Bianchi Type-II Cosmological Model with a Decaying Lambda Term

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Chinese Physics Letters 2012年第1期29卷 35-37页

作者： R.K.tiwari D.tiwari Pratibha Shukla Department of Mathematics Govt.Model Science College RewaM.P.486001India

We consider a locally rotationally symmetric(LRS)Bianchi type-Ⅱspacetime with a perfect fluid and a variable cosmological constant∧.To solve the Einstein field equations we consider the cosmological term∧to be proportional to R^(-m) with R being the scale factor and m a constant[***.D 58(1998)043506].In this model we obtain∧~H^(2),∧~(R)/R and Larnbda~t^(-2),in agreement with the main dynamical laws for the decay of∧.The physical significance of the cosmological model is also discussed.

关键词： Bianchi Cosmo perfect

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Robertson-Walker cosmological models with perfect fluid in general relativity

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Research in Astronomy and Astrophysics 2011年第7期11卷 767-775页

作者： Rishi Kumar tiwari Department of Mathematics Govt.Model Science College Rewa(M.P.) 486001India

Einstein＇s field equations with variable gravitational and cosmological constants are considered in the presence of perfect fluid for a Robertson-Walker universe by assuming the cosmological term to be proportional to R-m（R is a scale factor and m is a constant）.A variety of solutions is *** physical significance of the cosmological models has also been discussed.

关键词： cosmological parameters—cosmology:variable cosmological term

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Ionic polymer-metal composite mechanoelectric transduction:effect of impedance

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International Journal of Smart and Nano Materials 2012年第4期3卷 275-295页

作者： Rashi tiwari Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Department Cornell UniversityIthacaNYUSA

Ionic polymer–metal composites(IPMCs)are commonly used as soft actuators due to their electromechanical ***,the reverse phenomenon,***’s ability to generate charge on application of mechanical strain(mechanoelectric response),is not very well *** concept of mechanoelectric transduction and its dependence on complex IPMC architecture comprising of electrode,polymer and composite layer is illustrated with a phenomenological *** impedance model takes into account the charge transport inside the polymer and layer properties in terms of their *** model lucidly indicates the significance of capacitance in IPMC *** impedance model is used for studying IPMC step and frequency response and the effect of IPMC capacitance on its application as energy harvester.

关键词： ionic polymer-metal composite capacitance impedance mechanoelectric response

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Jackknife based generalized resampling reliability approach for rock slopes and tunnels stability analyses with limited data:Theory and applications

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Journal of Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering 2022年第3期14卷 714-730页

作者： Akshay Kumar Gaurav tiwari Department of Civil Engineering IIT KanpurIndia

An efficient resampling reliability approach was developed to consider the effect of statistical uncertainties in input properties arising due to insufficient data when estimating the reliability of rock slopes and *** approach considers the effect of uncertainties in both distribution parameters(mean and standard deviation)and types of input ***,the approach was generalized to make it capable of analyzing complex problems with explicit/implicit performance functions(PFs),single/multiple PFs,and correlated/non-correlated input *** couples resampling statistical tool,***,with advanced reliability tools like Latin hypercube sampling(LHS),Sobol’s global sensitivity,moving least square-response surface method(MLS-RSM),and Nataf’s *** developed approach was demonstrated for four cases encompassing different *** were compared with a recently developed bootstrap-based resampling reliability *** results show that the approach is accurate and significantly efficient compared with the bootstrap-based *** proposed approach reflects the effect of statistical uncertainties of input properties by estimating distributions/confidence intervals of reliability index/probability of failure(s)instead of their fixed-point ***,sufficiently accurate results were obtained by considering uncertainties in distribution parameters only and ignoring those in distribution types.

关键词： Statistical uncertainty Resampling reliability Moving least square response surface(MLSRSM) Sobol’s global sensitivity Correlation coefficient

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Modelling and analysis of COVID-19 epidemic in India

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Journal of Safety Science and Resilience 2020年第2期1卷 135-140页

作者： Alok tiwari Department of Energy Science and Engineering IIT BombayMumbai 400076India

COVID-19 epidemic is declared as the public health emergency of international concern by the World Health Organisation in the last week of March *** disease originated from China in December 2019 has already caused havoc around the world,including *** first case in India was reported on 30th January 2020,with the cases crossing 4 million on the day paper was *** pandemic has caused more than 80,000 fatalities with 3 million *** lockdown of the nation for two months,immediate isolation of infected cases and app-based tracing of infected are some of the proactive steps taken by the *** a better understanding of the evolution of COVID-19 in the world,study on evolution and growth of cases in India could not be *** understand the same,one of the compartment model:Susceptible-Infectious-Quarantined-Recovered(SIQR)is *** rate and doubling rate of the total reported positive cases in the country had crossed 75%and 25 days,*** is also estimated that there is a strong positive correlation between testing rate and detection of new cases up to 6 million tests per *** the SIQR modelling effective reproduction number,epidemic doubling rate and infected to quarantined ratio is determined to check the temporal evolution of the pandemic in the *** reproduction number that was at its peak during first half of the April is gradually converging to *** is also estimated using this model that with each detected cases in India,there could be 10-50 undetected *** every mathematical model,this model also has some *** make this model more robust,a technique with weighted parameter that can avoid a person with a strong immune system to be equally vulnerable to the infection,can be worked *** learning algorithms can also be used to train our model with the data of other countries to make the analysis and prediction more precise and accurate.

关键词： Mathematical modelling SIQR COVID 19 Reproduction number India

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Climatology, trend of aerosol-cloud parameters and their correlation over the Northern Indian Ocean

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Geoscience Frontiers 2023年第4期14卷 173-186页

作者： Harshbardhan Kumar Shani tiwari Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research(AcSIR) Ghaziabad201002India Aerosol and Cloud Research Lab Geological Oceanography DivisionCSIR–National Institute of OceanographyGoa403004India

Aerosols are one of the important atmospheric constituents and exert indirect impact on climate through the modification of microphysical and radiative properties of clouds that in turn perturb the precipitation ***,the long term quantification of changes in aerosol and cloud characteristics and their interactions on both temporal as well as spatial scale will provide a crucial information for the better assessment of future climate *** present study,18 years(2003-2020)MODerate Resolution Imaging Spectro-radiometer(MODIS)derived aerosol-cloud dataset over the Northern Indian Ocean(NIO)were analysed to assess climatology and trend of aerosol,cloud characteristics and their *** found a strong heterogeneity in spatio-temporal variation of aerosol and cloud parameters over the NIO that are more prominent for the coastal *** climatological mean of aerosol loading is found high(AOD≥0.5)over the outflow region along the Indian sub-continent and low(AOD≤0.2)over the northern equatorial open *** climatological mean of cloud properties shows dominance of optically thicker deep convective(CTP700 hPa and CTT>273 K)over the northwestern Arabian Sea(AS).Similarly,bigger effective radii(>17µm)observed along the equatorial open ocean whereas smaller CER(0.

关键词： Aerosol Cloud properties Northern Indian Ocean Climatology Trend Correlation

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A Bayesian multi-model inference methodology for imprecise momentindependent global sensitivity analysis of rock structures

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Journal of Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering 2024年第3期16卷 840-859页

作者： Akshay Kumar Gaurav tiwari Department of Civil Engineering Indian Institute of Technology(IIT)KanpurKanpur208016India

Traditional global sensitivity analysis(GSA)neglects the epistemic uncertainties associated with the probabilistic characteristics(*** of distribution type and its parameters)of input rock properties emanating due to the small size of datasets while mapping the relative importance of properties to the model *** paper proposes an augmented Bayesian multi-model inference(BMMI)coupled with GSA methodology(BMMI-GSA)to address this issue by estimating the imprecision in the momentindependent sensitivity indices of rock structures arising from the small size of input *** methodology employs BMMI to quantify the epistemic uncertainties associated with model type and parameters of input *** estimated uncertainties are propagated in estimating imprecision in moment-independent Borgonovo’s indices by employing a reweighting approach on candidate probabilistic *** proposed methodology is showcased for a rock slope prone to stress-controlled failure in the Himalayan region of *** proposed methodology was superior to the conventional GSA(neglects all epistemic uncertainties)and Bayesian coupled GSA(B-GSA)(neglects model uncertainty)due to its capability to incorporate the uncertainties in both model type and parameters of *** Borgonovo’s indices estimated via proposed methodology provide the confidence intervals of the sensitivity indices instead of their fixed-point estimates,which makes the user more informed in the data collection *** performed with the varying sample sizes suggested that the uncertainties in sensitivity indices reduce significantly with the increasing sample *** accurate importance ranking of properties was only possible via samples of large ***,the impact of the prior knowledge in terms of prior ranges and distributions was significant;hence,any related assumption should be made carefully.

关键词： Bayesian inference Multi-model inference Statistical uncertainty Global sensitivity analysis(GSA) Borgonovo’s indices Limited data

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