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Revisiting the thermal ageing on the metallised polypropylene film capacitor:from device to dielectric film

High voltage 2023年第2期8卷 305-314页

作者： Yushuang He Feipeng Wang Guoqiang Du Lei Pan Kaizheng Wang Reimund Gerhard Ronald Plath Pawel Rozga pavel Trnka State Key Laboratory of Power Transmission Equipment and System Security and New Technology Chongqing UniversityChongqingChina Faculty of Electrical Engineering Kunming University of Science and TechnologyKunmingChina Soft Transducer Materials and Systems Universität PotsdamPotsdamGermany Faculty Iv Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Technische Universität BerlinBerlinGermany Institute of Electrical Power Engineering Lodz University of TechnologyLodzPoland Faculty of Electrical Engineering University of West BohemiaPilsenCzech Republic

Metallised polypropylene film capacitors(MPPFCs)are widely used in power electronics and are generally degraded by elevated *** work aims to determine the relationships between the structural changes of MPPFC and the microstructural variations of the PP film during the thermal ageing of MPPFC at 100℃ for 38 *** capacitance of MPPFC has a slight decrease during thermal ***,the breakdown voltage of the MPPFC decreases by 39.4%by the *** partial discharge(PD)number of MPPFC increases linearly with ageing *** tear-down analysis of the MPPFC reveals that the molecular structure of the PP film has not been altered but has led to molecular chain scission and the generation of some polar fragments/***,the relative permittivity of the PP films rises as the ageing time ***,thermal ageing causes the conversion of aluminum to alumina in the metallised electrode,which is hydrophilic for polar groups and leads to an adhesion effect between the metallised electrodes and the PP *** angle measurements prove that the surface hydrophilicity of the PP sample increased after thermal ***,the PD/breakdown voltage in the MPPFC increases/decreases due to the uneven adhesion of the metallised PP film.

关键词： film thermal ageing

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Satellite mapping of air temperature under polar night conditions

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Geo-Spatial Information Science 2022年第2期25卷 325-336页

作者： Kritsuk Sergei victor Gornyy Tatiana Davidan Iscander Latypov Alexandra Manvelova pavel Konstantinov Andrei Tronin Mikhail varentsov Mikhail vasiliev Saint-Petersburg Scientific Research Center for Ecological Safety Russian Academy of SciencesSaint-PetersburgRussia Faculty of Geography/Research Computing Center Lomonosov Moscow State UniversityMoscowRussia

A novel satellite technique for air temperature mapping with a spatial resolution of~100 m was proposed for the town of Apatity,the Kola Peninsula(Russia),taken as a case *** main idea behind this novel technique is to find the statistical relationships between the land surface temperatures in each point of the study area,observed by multiple infrared thermal satellite imagery,and the time series of air temperatures recorded by World Meteorological Organization(WMO)weather *** scenes of infrared thermal spectral band of the Landsat satellites for the period 2014–2019 were used,as well as the long-term time series of air temperature from the weather station and the results of air temperature observations carried out by the network of *** calm weather conditions,according to the ground truth,the error of air temperature mapping wasσ=1.5°C,and the precision was estimated asδ=1.0°*** analysis of the compiled air temperature map showed that,under polar night conditions,the air temperature on the hilltops was by 10–18°C higher than in the *** was concluded that,for economic reasons,as well as for the reasons of population health protection in the Arctic,it would be advisable to plan the placement of new cities on the *** of these new areas should be designed in a“semi-isolated”manner in order to minimize the time needed by the local people for crossing the lowlands between the nearby districts.A characteristic feature of modern megalopolises is their internal structure formed by the growing primary settlements that can be considered as nuclei interlinked by transportation ***,the new Arctic cities can be called“Arctic megalopolises”because of their internal structure that is specific to megalopolises.

关键词： Polar night town of Apatity air temperature satellite images time series regression mapping bioclimatic comfort

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High-temperature annealing of(201)β-Ga_(2)O_(3) substrates for reducing structural defects after diamond sawing

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Journal of Semiconductors 2023年第12期44卷 125-132页

作者： pavel Butenko Michael Boiko Mikhail Sharkov Aleksei Almaev Aleksnder Kitsay vladimir Krymov Anton Zarichny vladimir Nikolaev MISiS University Moscow 119049Russia Perfect Crystala LLC St.Petersburg 194223Russia Tomsk State University Tomsk 634050Russia

A commercial epi-ready(201)β-Ga_(2)O_(3) wafer was investigated upon diamond sawing into pieces measuring 2.5×3 mm^(2).The defect structure and crystallinity in the cut samples has been studied by X-ray diffraction and a selective wet etching *** density of defects was estimated from the average value of etch pits calculated,including near-edge regions,and was obtained close to 109 cm^(-2).Blocks with lattice orientation deviated by angles of 1-3 arcmin,as well as non-stoichiometric fractions with a relative strain about(1.0-1.5)×10^(-4)in the[201]direction,were *** perfection was shown to decrease significantly towards the cutting lines of the *** reduce the number of structural defects and increase the crystal perfection of the samples via increasing defect motion mobility,the thermal annealing was *** and formation of a mosaic structure coupled with dislocation wall appearance upon 3 h of annealing at 1100℃ was *** fractions characterized by non-stoichiometry phases and the block deviation *** annealing for 11 h improved the homogeneity and perfection in the *** average density of the etch pits dropped down significantly to 8×10^(6) cm^(-2).

关键词： gallium oxide epi-ready substrate etch pits crystal defect mosaic structure crystal perfection

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Biotechnological preparation of chicken skin gelatine using factorial design of experiments

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Food Bioscience 2022年第3期47卷 898-907页

作者： Petr Mrázek Robert Gál pavel Mokrejš Jana Orsavová Dagmar Janáčová Tomas Bata University in Zlín Department of Polymer EngineeringVavrečkova 275760 01ZlínCzech Republic Tomas Bata University in Zlín Department of Food TechnologyMostní 5139760 01ZlínCzech Republic Tomas Bata University in Zlín Language CentreŠtefánikova 5670760 01ZlínCzech Republic Tomas Bata University in Zlín Department of Automation and Control EngineeringNad Stráněmi 4511760 01ZlínCzech Republic

Poultry meat production steadily increases and its by-products including legs or skins may be further utilized to prepare gelatine,generally by using alkali or acid *** they are toxic,different methods are desirable,*** proteolytic *** enzymes is beneficial as they shorten processing time and reduce the required water *** conditions(the enzyme amount during the pre-treatment,first and second extraction temperature and time)of the process may influence gelatine quality and its *** this study,gelatines were prepared from chicken skin at different conditions in the series of combined factorial design of *** significance of the influence of the conditions on the quality(gel strength,viscosity,melting and gelling point)and yield of chicken skin gelatine(CSG)was *** highest yield(31.5%)was obtained at the conditions of the enzyme amount of 0.8%,first extraction temperature 80℃ and time 30 min,second extraction temperature 90℃ and time 60 ***,the highest CSG quality of gel strength(190 Bloom),viscosity(4.06 mPas),melting point(38.3℃)and gelling point(20.5℃)was obtained at the conditions of 0.2%/50℃/30 min in the first extraction.

关键词： Collagen Chicken skin Enzyme pre-treatment Gelatine Gelling properties

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Evaluation of the seismic hazard for 20 cities in Romania using Monte Carlo based simulations

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Earthquake Engineering and Engineering vibration 2017年第3期16卷 513-523页

作者： Florin pavel Radu vacareanu Seismic Risk Assessment Research Center Technical University of Civil Engineering Bucharest Romania

This work focuses on the evaluation of the seismic hazard for Romania using earthquake catalogues generated by a Monte Carlo approach. The seismicity of Romania can be attributed to the vrancea intermediate-depth seismic source and to 13 other crustal seismic sources. The recurrence times of large magnitude seismic events（both crustal and subcrustal）, as well as the moment release rates are computed using simulated earthquake catalogues. The results show that the largest contribution to the overall moment release for the crustal seismic sources is from the seismic regions in Bulgaria, while the seismic regions in Romania contribute less than 5% of the overall moment release. In addition, the computations show that the moment release rate for the vrancea subcrustal seismic source is about ten times larger than that of all the crustal seismic sources. Finally, the Monte Carlo approach is used to evaluate the seismic hazard for 20 cities in Romania with populations larger than 100,000 inhabitants. The results show some differences between the seismic hazard values obtained through Monte-Carlo simulation and those in the Romanian seismic design code P100-1/2013, notably for cities situated in the western part of Romania that are influenced by local crustal seismic sources.

关键词： seismic sources uncertainty seismic moment GMPE percentile

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A vector Tensor Calculus Description of a Euclidean Space

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Journal of Applied Mathematics and Physics 2023年第3期11卷 705-720页

作者： pavel Grinfeld Drexel University Philadelphia PA USA

We present a tensor description of Euclidean spaces that emphasizes the use of geometric vectors which leads to greater geometric insight and a higher degree of organization in analytical expressions. We demonstrate the effectiveness of the approach by proving a number of integral identities with vector integrands. The presented approach may be aptly described as absolute vector calculus or as vector tensor calculus.

关键词： Tensor Calculus Differential Geometry Embedded Surfaces and Curves Scalar Curvature Gaussian Curvature

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Impact of water scarcity on spruce and beech forests

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Journal of Forestry Research 2019年第3期30卷 899-909页

作者： Lenka Krupkova Katerina Havrankova Jan Krejza pavel Sedlak Michal v.Marek Global Change Research Institute Czech Academy of SciencesBelidla 986/4a60300 BrnoCzech Republic Institute of Atmospheric Physics Czech Academy of SciencesBocni II 140114131 PragueCzech Republic

One of the greatest threats posed by ongoing climate change may be regarded the drought caused by changes in precipitation distribution. The aim of presented study was to characterize reactions to dry conditions and conditions without drought stress on gross primary production (GPP) and net ecosystem production (NEP) of spruce and beech forests, as these two species dominate within the European continent. Daily courses of GPP and NEP of these two species were evaluated in relation to an expected decrease in CO2 uptake during dry days. The occurrence of CO2 uptake hysteresis in daily production was also investigated. Our study was performed at Bily Kriz(spruce) and Stitna(beech) mountain forest sites during 2010–2012 period. We applied eddy covariance technique for the estimation of carbon fluxes, vapor pressure deficit and precipitation characteristics together with the SoilClim model for the determination of drought conditions, and the inverse of the Penman–Monteith equation to compute canopy conductance. Significant differences were found in response to reduced water supply for both species. Spruce reacts by closing its stomata before noon and maintaining a reduced photosynthetic activity for the rest of the day, while beech keeps its stomata open as long as possible and slightly reduces photosynthetic activity evenly throughout the entire day. In the spruce forest, we found substantial hysteresis in the light response curve of GPP. In the beech forest, the shape of this curve was different: evening values exceeded morning values.

关键词： Picea abies Fagus sylvatica Drought stress Hysteresis Eddy covariance

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Possible Evolutionary Models in the Initially Hydride Earth Theory

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International Journal of Geosciences 2023年第5期14卷 377-426页

作者： Kudryavtsev pavel R&D Department Xtra-Lit ltd. Rehovot Israel

A modern view of the properties of chemical elements has confirmed the theory of the hot origin of the Earth. The next step in developing this theory was the hypothesis of the initial hydride Earth. In this work, we attempted to find additional evidence for this hypothesis and show additional effects that flow from it. The effect of the physical properties of atoms and ions on their behavior during the formation of the Earth was studied. The maximum contribution to the distribution of elements was made by those elements whose content in the original protoplanets of the disk was the maximum. Correlation dependence is obtained, which allows one to calculate the distribution of elements in the protoplanetary disk. It was shown that hydrogen was the main element in the proto substance located in the zone of the Earth’s formation. In this case, various chemical compounds formed, most represented by hydrogen compounds—hydrides. Since the pressure inside the Earth is 375 GPa, this factor forces the chemical compounds to adopt stoichiometry and structure that would not be available in atmospheric conditions. It is shown that many chemical elements at high pressure in a hydrogen medium form simple hydrides and super hydrides—polyhydrides with high hydrogen content. Pressure leads to a higher density of matter inside the planet. Given the possibility of forming polyhydrides, there is the possibility of binding the initially available hydrogen in an amount that can reach 49.3 mole%. Young Earth could contain about 10.7 mass% of hydrogen in hydrides, polyhydrides, and adsorbed form is almost twice higher than previous estimates. This fact additionally confirms the theory of the original hydride Earth. In hydrides, the occurrence of the phenomenon of superconductivity was discovered. Polyhydrides were shown as potential superconductors with a high critical temperature above 200 K. We, based on these data, hypothesized the presence of superconducting properties in the Earth’s cor

关键词： Theory of the Hot Origin of the Earth Magnetic Separation of Elements Atom Ionization Energy Hydrides Polyhydrides Earth Expansion Superconductivity of the Earth’s Core

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Tunable order in colloids of hard magnetic hexaferrite nanoplatelets

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Nano Research 2022年第2期15卷 898-906页

作者： Artem A.Eliseev Lev A.Trusov Evgeny O.Anokhin Andrei P.Chumakov vladimir v.Korolev Anastasia E.Sleptsova Peter Boesecke vladimir Ya.Shur vladimir YaShur pavel E.Kazin Andrei A.Eliseev Faculty of Chemistry Moscow State UniversityLeninskie Gory lb3Moscow 119991Russia Department of Materials Science MSU-BIT UniversityShenzhen 517182China Faculty of Materials Science Moscow State UniversityLeninskie Gory lb73Moscow 119991Russia European Synchrotron Radiation Facility Avenue des Martyrs 71Grenoble 38043France School of Natural Sciences and Mathematics Ural Federal UniversityLenin Ave 51Ekaterinburg 620000Russia

Structural ordering in the concentrated magnetic colloids containing 50×5 nm hard magnetic disc-like SrFe_(12)O_(19) nanoparticles was investigated by cryogenic scanning electron microscopy,optical microscopy,magnetic measurements,and small-angle X-ray *** was revealed that macroscopically homogeneous magnetic liquid consists of dynamic threads of stacked *** threads align into quasiperiodic arrays with the distances between individual threads of a few *** also can form pseudodomain structures with -90°domain boundaries realized through T-type thread *** effects of magnetic attraction and electrostatic repulsion on the equilibrium interplatelet distance in the threads were *** was demonstrated that this distance can be tuned by the control of the particles charge and electric double layer screening from Stern layer thickness(-1 nm)to tens of *** was shown that the permanent magnetic field is not able to cause any structural changes in the ordered magnetic liquid phase,while alternating field draws particles apart by their *** variation of interparticle distance up to 6%was achieved using an alternating magnetic field of low *** data were complemented by the theoretical models of screened electrostatic interactions between spherical and platelike magnetic *** last model provides good predictive power and correlates with the experimental *** stabilization energy of the condensed phase in the order of 1-10 kBT was derived from the *** approach allows controlling of an equilibrium interparticle distance and interparticle distance distribution by adjusting the magnetization and surface charge of the particles as well as the ionic strength of the solvent.

关键词： hexaferrite ferrofluid self-assembly colloidal solution

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Reinforced interface endows the lithium anode with stable cycle at high-temperature of 80℃

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2023年第3期78卷 325-332,I0010页

作者： Yuhao Zhu Xieyu Xu Qingpeng Guo Yu Han Haolong Jiang Huize Jiang Hui Wang pavel v.Evdokimov Olesya O.Kapitanova valentyn S.volkov Yongjing Wang Shizhao Xiong Chunman Zheng Kai Xie Xingxing Jiao Yangyang Liu College of Aerospace Science and Engineering National University of Defense TechnologyChangsha 410073HunanChina Department of Materials Science Lomonosov Moscow State UniversityMoscow 119991Russia Center for Photonics and 2D Materials Moscow Institute of Physics and TechnologyDolgoprudnyMoscow 141701Russia State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials Xi’an Jiaotong UniversityXi’an 710049ShaanxiChina Autonomous Noncommercial Organization"ID&AS:Inter-Disciplinary&Advanced Studies Center" Moscow 127495Russia

Embracing ultrahigh theoretical capacity of 3860 mA h g^(-1)and the lowest reduction potential of-3.04 v(versus standard hydrogen electrode),lithium(Li) is considered as the "holy grail" material for pursuing higher energy density,of which application has been challenged due to the unstable interface caused by the non-uniform electrodeposition as well as high chemical *** at higher temperature can be recommended to uniform electrodeposition of Li ***,the intrinsic side-reaction between Li metal anode and electrolyte is inevitably aggravated and thus fosters the failure of Li metal anode rapidly with uneven ***,a kind of temperature-tolerated ionic liquid(1-methyl-3-ethylimidazole bis(fluorosulfo nyl)imide/lithium bis(trifluoromethylsulfo nyl)imide,EF/LT)based electrolyte that matrixed with poly(vinylidene fluoride-hexafluoropropylene) was designed to maintain the interfacial stabilization of Li metal due to the weak interfacial reaction and uniform electrodeposition at high temperature of 80℃.It is the matter that the 660-h cycle with lower polarization is achieved with EF/LT-based electrolyte at temperature of 80 ℃ and the full cell embraces outstanding cyclic performance,without capacity fading within 100 ***,a door for practical application of Li metal anode for higher energy density as the carbon neutrality progresses in the blooming human society has been opened gradually.

关键词： Lithium metal anode Uniform electrodeposition High-temperature operation Temperature-tolerated electrolyte Ionic liquid

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