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Understanding livestock production and sustainability of grassland ecosystems in the Asian Dryland Belt

Ecological Processes 2017年第1期6卷 225-234页

作者： Jiaguo Qi Xiaoping Xin Ranjeet John pavel groisman Jiquan Chen Department of Geography Environmentand Spatial Sciences and Center for Global Change and Earth ObservationsMichigan State UniversityEast LansingMIUSA Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences BeijingChina University Corp.for Atmospheric Research NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information AshevilleNCUSA Zhejiang University HangzhouChina

Background:Companioned by economic development,a dietary shift toward higher meat consumption is seen in developing countries and transitional economies,where the demand for livestock production has been increasing in response to such a dietary *** the Asian Dryland Belt,approaches to meet this demand have focused on grazing intensification,cropland conversion for animal feed,and supplemental *** the scarcity of water,energy,and food in the region,a key question is whether or not the current approaches are *** not,what are the pathways to increase livestock production while protecting the region’s environment for a sustainable future?We provide our reviews and discuss current approaches in response to these dietary shifts and assess their environmental resilience with a focus on the grassland ecosystems in the Asian Dryland ***:While current approaches alleviate the urgent need for short-term livestock production,they lead to longterm vulnerability in food ***-offs between short gains and long-term losses,between food for humans and for animals,and between agricultural intensification and environmental degradation need to be holistically examined for the sustainable development of the region.A grassland water,energy,and food nexus framework is proposed with specific recommendations to increase livestock production while considering other ecosystem services of the dryland grassland ecosystems in the Asian Dryland ***:Current practices to increase livestock production are likely to lead to long-term,large-scale ecological degradation of the grassland ecosystems in the Asian Dryland Belt and are thus *** considering the trade-offs in the nexus of water,land,food,and livelihoods,sustainable pathways were articulated and *** pilot studies are needed for validation and adoption.

关键词： Dietary shift Livestock production Sustainability Grassland WEF nexus Drylands

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Addressing global change challenges for Central Asian socio-ecosystems

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Frontiers of Earth Science 2012年第2期6卷 115-121页

作者： Jiaguo QI Temirbek S. BOBUSHEV Rashid KULMATOV pavel groisman Garik GUTMAN Michigan State University East Lansing MI 48823 USA American University of Central Asia Bishkek 720040 Kyrgyzstan National University of Uzbekistan Tashkent 100027 Uzbekistan UCAR Project Scientist at NOAA National Climatic Data Center Asheville NC 28801 USA NASA Land Use and Land Cover Claange Program Washington DC 20546 USA

Central Asia is one of the most vulnerable regions on the planet earth to global climate change, depending on very fragile natural resources. The Soviet legacy has left the five countries （Kazakhstan, Tajikistan, Kyrgyzstan, Turkmenistan, and Uzbekistan） with a highly integrated system but they are facing great challenges with tensions that hinder regional coordination of food and water resources. With increasing climate variability and warming trend in the region, food and water security issues become even more crucial now and, if not addressed properly, could affect the regional stability. The long-term drivers of these two most critical elements, food and water, are climate change; the immediate and probably more drastic factors affecting the food and water security are land uses driven by institutional change and economic incentives. As a feedback, changes in land use and land cover have directly implications on water uses, food production, and lifestyles of the rural community in the region. Regional and international efforts have been made to holistically understand the cause, extent, rate and societal implications of land use changes in the region. Much of these have been understood, or under investiga- tion by various projects, but solutions or research effort to develop solutions, to these urgent regional issues are lacking. This article, serves as an introduction to the special issue, provides a brief overview of the challenges facing the Central Asian countries and various interna- tional efforts in place that resulted in the publications of this special issue.

关键词： Central Asia climate change land use andland cover change water and food security

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在过去40年里出现的新趋势——北美持续旱段(英文)

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地球科学进展 2007年第11期22卷 1191-1207页

作者： pavel Ya. groisman Richard W. Knight 美国国家气候数据中心美国北卡罗莱纳州艾西维尔市 28801 STG Inc．美国北卡罗莱纳州艾西维尔市 28801

在普遍增温的背景下，强降水过程中降水量不平衡增长（扩大植物生长期，加剧蒸腾作用）及降水总量的微弱改变将增加具有潜在威胁的极端气候事件——持续干期出现的频率。本文研究了过去几十年里，强降水过程出现频率发生改变的同一时期... 详细信息

在普遍增温的背景下，强降水过程中降水量不平衡增长（扩大植物生长期，加剧蒸腾作用）及降水总量的微弱改变将增加具有潜在威胁的极端气候事件——持续干期出现的频率。本文研究了过去几十年里，强降水过程出现频率发生改变的同一时期，这种趋势是否在北美北纬50。以南地区已经出现。同时，对日平均温度大于5℃，大量水分用于蒸腾的暖季及其给地面生态系统健康和农业带来巨大威胁的无降水期中，没有适量降水（〉1．0mm）的漫长干旱段进行了评价。在过去的四十年里，干旱段的平均持续时间显著延长，加拿大东南部持续20天以上，美国东部及沿墨西哥湾地区一个月以上，美国西南部及墨西哥北部2个月以上。因此，美国东部为期一个月的干旱段的重现期减少了一大半，从15年缩减到6～7年。在相对湿季里，大部分北纬55o南部的大陆上旱段的平均持续时间正在延长。但是，这一趋势并没有在美国的西北部及与加拿大接壤的南部地区发现。

关键词：北美气候变化干旱持续干期

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