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Genotypic Variation for Low Striga Germination Stimulation in Sorghum “Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench” Landraces from Eritrea

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American Journal of Plant Sciences 2016年第17期7卷 2470-2482页

作者： Tadesse Yohannes Kahiu Ngugi Emanuel Ariga Tesfamichael Abraha Nasser Yao pauline Asami Monday Ahonsi Department of Plant Sciences & Crop Protection Faculty of Agriculture College of Agriculture & Veterinary Sciences University of Nairobi Nairobi Kenya Hamelmalo Agricultural College (HAC) Keren Eritrea Biosciences Eastern and Central Africa-International Livestock Research Institute (BecA-ILRI) Hub Nairobi Kenya

Sorghum (Sorghum bicolour (L.) Moench), the second most important staple crop in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) after maize, is well adapted to marginal environments of drought stress and high temperatures. But besides drought stress, the obligate root-parasitic flowering plant Striga hermonthica is an equally economically important biotic stress in agro-ecological zones where soils are marginal. Notwithstanding widespread and intense Striga infestation, genetic variations in defence mechanisms against the parasite have been reported. Sorghum variants, producing low levels of chemical stimulants such as sorgolactones that deter the advance of Striga seed germination and are therefore deemed resistant to the parasite, have been also reported in a few studies. But the existence of sorghum genetic variation for this resistance especially among farmers’ landraces is yet to be demonstrated. The objective of this study was therefore to determine the levels of Striga germination stimulants in response to each of the 111 collected sorghum landraces and their progenies from Eritrea. The ability of a sorghum genotype to cause germination of a Striga seed as a measure of the amount of the germination stimulant produced was used to assess the resistance of these accessions. The data were recorded as Striga germination percentage by counting the number of germinated Striga seeds. Landraces EG47, EG1261, EG830, EG1076, EG54 and EG746 with 14.68%, 15.32%, 11.85%, 13.05%, 15.74% and 16.5% germination percentages respectively were found to stimulate low levels of Striga germination percentage compared to commercial checks, IS9830, SRN39, Framida, with 22.46%, 22.67%, 23.27% germination respectively. while these variants did not show complete resistance against Striga seed germination, the low level production of stimulant indicated their high level of resistance to Striga . These results implied that these accessions are likely potential sources of resistance against Striga infestation in

关键词： Eritrea Landrace Sorghum Striga hermonthica Striga Germination Stimulants Seed Parasitic Plants

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DELF A2 200 activites

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2006年

作者： Richard Lescure Emmanuelle Gadet pauline Vey.

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CROPGRO-Soybean Model Calibration and Assessment of Soybean Yield Responses to Climate Change

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American Journal of Climate Change 2020年第3期9卷 297-316页

作者： Joseph E. Quansah pauline welikhe Gamal El Afandi Souleymane Fall Desmond Mortley Ramble Ankumah Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences Tuskegee University Tuskegee AL USA Agronomy Department Purdue University West Lafayette IN USA

Process-based crop simulation models are useful for simulating the impacts of climate change on crop yields. Currently, estimation of spatially calibrated soil parameters for crop models can be challenging, as it requires the availability of long-term and detailed input data from several sentinel sites. The use of aggregated regional data for model calibrations has been proposed but not been employed in regional climate change studies. The study: 1) employed the use of county-level data to estimate spatial soil parameters for the calibration of CROPGRO-Soybean model and 2) used the calibrated model, assimilated with future climate data, in assessing the impacts of climate change on soybean yields. The CROPGRO-Soybean model was calibrated using major agricultural soil types, crop yield and current climate data at county level, for selected counties in Alabama for the period 1981-2010. The calibrated model simulations were acceptable with performance indicators showing Root Mean Square Error percent of between 27 - 43 and Index of Agreement ranging from 0.51 to 0.76. Projected soybean yield decreased by an average of 29% and 23% in 2045, and 19% and 43% in 2075, under Representative Concentration Pathways 4.5 and 8.5, respectively. Results showed that late-maturing soybean cultivars were most resilient to heat, while late-maturing cultivators needed optimized irrigation to maintain appropriate soil moisture to sustain soybean yields. The CROPGRO-Soybean phenological and yield simulations suggested that the negative effects of increasing temperatures could be counterbalanced by increasing rainfall, optimized irrigation, and cultivating late-maturing soybean cultivars.

关键词： Climate Change CROPGRO-Soybean Model Crop Yield Soil Parameters

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Does erroneous differentiation of tendon-derived stem cells contribute to the pathogenesis of calcifying tendinopathy？

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Chinese Medical Journal 2011年第4期124卷 606-610页

作者： RUI Yun-feng LUI pauline Po-yee CHAN Lai-shan CHAN Kai-ming FU Sai-chuen LI Gang Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology Faculty of Medicine Chinese University of Hong Kong Hong Kong SARChina The Hong Kong Jockey Club Sports Medicine and Health Sciences Centre Faculty of Medicine Chinese University of Hong KongHong Kong SAR China Department of Orthopaedics Ninth People's Hospital Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Shanghai 200011China Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology Faculty of Medicine Chinese University of Hong Kong Hong Kong SARChina The Hong Kong Jockey Club Sports Medicine and Health Sciences Centre Faculty of Medicine Chinese University of Hong KongHong Kong SAR China Program of Stem Cell and Regeneration School of Biomedical Science Chinese University of Hong Kong Hong Kong SARChina Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology Faculty of Medicine Chinese University of Hong Kong Hong Kong SARChina The Hong Kong Jockey Club Sports Medicine and Health Sciences Centre Faculty of Medicine Chinese University of Hong KongHong Kong SAR China Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology Faculty of Medicine Chinese University of Hong Kong Hong Kong SARChina The Hong Kong Jockey Club Sports Medicine and Health Sciences Centre Faculty of Medicine Chinese University of Hong KongHong Kong SAR China

Calcifying tendinopathy is a tendon disorder with calcium deposits in the mid-substance presented with chronic activity-related pain, tenderness, local edema and various degrees of incapacitation. Most of current treatments are neither effective nor evidence-based because its underlying pathogenesis is poorly understood and treatment is usually symptomatic. Understanding the pathogenesis of calcifying tendlinopathy is essential for its effective evidence-based management. One of the key histopathological features of calcifying tendinopathy is the presence of chondrocyte phenotype which surrounds the calcific deposits, suggesting that the formation of calcific deposits was *** the origin of cells participating in the formation of chondrocyte phenotype and ossification is still unknown, many evidences have suggested that erroneous tendon cell differentiation is involved in the process. Recent studies have shown the presence of stem cells with self-renewal and multi-differentiation potential in human,horse, mouse and rat tendon tissues. we hypothesized that the erroneous differentiation of tendon-derived stem cells （TDSCs） to chondrocytes or osteoblasts leads to chondrometaplasia and ossification and hence weaker tendon, failed healing and pain, in calcifying tendinopathy. we present a hypothetical model on the pathogenesis and evidences to support this hypothesis. Understanding the key role of TDSCs in the pathogenesis of calcifying tendinopathy and the mechanisms contributing to their erroneous differentiation would provide new opportunities for the management of calcifying tendinopathy. The re-direction of the differentiation of resident TDSCs to tenogenic or supplementation of MSCsprogrammed for tenogenic differentiation may be enticing targets for the management of calcifying tendinopathy in e future.

关键词： calcifying tendinopathy mesenchymal stem cells tendon-derived stem cells cell differentiation pathogenesis Calcifying tendinopathy is a tendon disorder with calcium deposits in the mid-substance presented with chronic activity-related pain, tenderness

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Female Genital Cut in Relation to Its Value and Health Risks among the Kisii of western Kenya

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Health 2014年第15期6卷 2066-2080页

作者： pauline G. Okemwa Harrison M. K. Maithya David O. Ayuku Department of Anthropology School of Arts and Social Sciences Moi University Eldoret Kenya Department of Behavioral Sciences School of Medicine Moi University Eldoret Kenya Department of Health Management School of Public Health Moi University Eldoret Kenya

Background: The practice of female genital cutting as a cultural obligation is widespread in Kenya but there is little consensus about its effects on health. Some of the health risks associated with female genital cut range from minor and short-term to major and long-term effects including pain, bleeding, infections, and, in the extreme, death. Female genital cut is widespread among the Kisii but there is no adequate information about how it is currently practised and the value people attach to it. Objective: The objective was to establish the value of female genital cut as well as the health risks associated with the practice among the Kisii community of western Kenya. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study, which employed a mixed method approach to generate both quantitative and qualitative data. The quantitative data were obtained from a randomly selected sample of 373 respondents while quantitative data were generated from focus group discussions as well as key informants interviews. Results: The Kisii consider female genital cut a cultural identifier inherited from past generations and whose main value is a rite of passage from girlhood to womanhood. Majority (63%) had heard of the health risks associated with female genital cut including transmission of infections, excessive bleeding and pain. But most of the community did not seem to know the long-term health consequences associated with female genital cut. Even though knowledge on the campaigns to eradicate the practice was found to be wide spread, the community’s response toward the campaigns was less than positive. Conclusions: The authors conclude that female genital cut continues to persist in this community because of its value as a rite of passage, which currently has no substitute. This cultural demand by far outweighs the health risks associated with female genital cut, which are being mitigated through medicalization of the practice. For intervention programmes to succeed a more culturally sensit

关键词： Female Genital Cut Value Health Culture Kisii Kenya

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Impact of Heap Fermentation of Cocoa on Microbial Dynamics and Soil Physicochemical Parameters

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Journal of Life Sciences 2015年第6期9卷 286-297页

作者： Maboune Tetmoun Suzanne Abeline Tchinmegni Felenou I. Mfopou Mewouo Yvette Clarisse Mounjouenpou pauline Institut de Recherche Agricole pour le D~veloppement (IRAD) Yaound~ PO Box: 2067 Cameroon Higher Institute of Environmental Sciences (HIES) Yaoundd PO Box: 16 317 Cameroon

The overall objective of the present study is to evaluate the impact of the heap fermentation of cocoa on microbial dynamics and physicochemical parameters of the soil. The methodology was to heap fermentation broad beans 600 cocoa pods moved to a place after the soil was taken for microbiological and physicochemical analyzes considered the control sample. In addition, cocoa lixiviate and soil were subjected to analyze. Chemical analysis of cocoa lixiviate revealed the absence of heavy metals such as cadmium, chromium. It appears from the analysis of soil than clays represent on average 46.67%, 8.03% for fine silt, heavy silt 5.69%, 15.39% fine sands and heavy sands 20.02%. Microbiological analysis revealed the abundance of total coliform up to 4.6× 103 CFU/g soil. The variations of the abundance of yeasts are 0.01 × 103 CFU/g soil obtained on day 2 at 12 o＇clock to 3.5 × 103 CFU/g soil observed on day 3 to 18 pm （0-3 cm deep）. However, further study on the assessment of biodiversity after the fermentation would determine its species richness.

关键词： Cocoa pods heap fermentation soil cocoa lixiviate.

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Inhibition of a - glucosidases I and n causes increased expression and activity of the class A macrophage scavenger receptor(SR - A)

Inhibition of a - glucosidases I and n causes increased expr...

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国际心脏研究会（ISHR）中国分会第七届学术会议暨中国病理生理学会心血管专业委员会第十届学术会议

作者： Frances M Platt Raymond A Dwek pauline M Rudd Nick Platt The dycobiology Institute Department of Biochemistry Department of Anatomy and Genetics University of Oxford Oxford OX 13 QX United Kingdom

The class A scavenger receptor(SR - A) is a macrophage - restricted trimeric membrane giycopro-tein for which a number of activities have been ascribed. The mature receptor is transported from the Golgi apparatus to the cell surface where it can mediate the binding and uptake of a number of specific ligands, including modified forms of low - density lipoprotein. Evidence suggests it plays a crucial role in atherogenesis. we have investigated the effects of the modulation of N - glycan processing on SR - A expression, distribution and activity in the macrophage cell line RAw264.7.

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