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Are state ownership and auditors' locality determinants of asset write-downs? Evidence from China

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China Journal of Accounting Research 2018年第4期11卷 385-405页

作者： pauline W.Y.Wong Department of Accountancy Hang Seng Management College

After issuing the 1998 Accounting Standards, Chinese regulators implemented additional regulations in 2001 governing write-downs of impaired assets and required assessment of recoverable amounts for four additional asset categories. As the recoverable value cannot be obtained objectively, management can discretionally assess the magnitude of write-downs to affect bottom-line profit. This study used 7258 firm-year observations in China from 1998 to2005 to examine whether the percentage of asset write-downs by statecontrolled firms differs from non-state-controlled firms, conditional upon more conservative financial reporting rules, and investigate whether local auditors support managerial decisions on asset write-downs. The empirical findings support the tendency of state-controlled ownerships to have lower asset write-downs. Local auditors also support managerial decisions on asset write-downs, especially when the companies are controlled by local governments.

关键词： Earnings management Impairments State ownership Auditor locality Political influence

Influence of vascular endothelial growth factor and radiation on gap junctional intercellular communication in glioblastoma multiforme cell lines

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Neural Regeneration Research 2017年第11期12卷 1816-1822页

作者： Reinhardt Krcek pauline Latzer Irenaus Anton Adamietz Helmut Biihler Carsten Theiss Institute of Anatomy Department of CytologyRuhr-University BochumBochumNorth Rhine-WestphaliaGermany Department of Radiotherapy and Radio-Oncology University Medical Centre MarienhospitalRuhr-University BochumHerneNorth Rhine-WestphaliaGermany Institute for Molecular Oncology Radio-Biology and Experimental RadiotherapyUniversity Medical Centre MarienhospitalRuhr-University BochumHerneNorth Rhine-WestphaliaGermany

Glioblastoma multiforme （GBM） is a highly aggressive glial brain tumor with an unfavorable prognosis despite all current therapies including surgery, radiation and chemotherapy. One characteristic of this tumor is a strong synthesis of vascular endothelial growth factor （VEGF）, an angiogenesis factor, followed by pronounced vascularization. VEGF became a target in the treatment of GBM, for example with bevacizumab or the tyrosine kinase inhibitor axitinib, which blocks VEGF receptors. To improve patients＇ prognosis, new targets in the treatment of GBM are under investigations. The role of gap junctions in GBM remains un- known, but some experimental therapies affect these intercellular channels to treat the tumor. Gap junctions are composed of connexins to allow the transport of small molecules between adjacent cells through gap junc- tional intercellular communication （GJIC）. Based on data derived from astrocytes in former studies, which show that VEGF is able to enhance GJIC, the current study analyzed the effects of VEGF, radiation therapy and VEGF receptor blockade by axitinib on GJIC in human GBM cell lines U-87 and U-251. While VEGF is able to induce GJIC in U-251 cells but not in U-87 cells, radiation enhances GJIC in both cell lines. VEGF reocptor blockade by axitinib diminishes radiation induced effects in U-251 partially, while increases GJIC in U-87 cells. Our data indicate that VEGF and radiation are both modifying components of GJ1C in pathologic brain tumor tissue.

关键词： cell communication vascular endothelial growth factor irradiation vascular endothelial growth factor-receptor blockade glioma neurobiotin connexin cell culture immunohistochemistry microinjection

The Political and Economic Consequences of France’s Participation in the Belt and Road Initiative:A Rational Choice Perspective

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The Political and Economic Consequences of France’s Partici...

作者： Mathilde pauline Saudubray 山东大学

学位级别：硕士

The Belt and Road Initiative（BRI）is a pragmatic and evolutive project which strives to create a network connecting China to Europe via a number of land and sea *** land routes of the BRI start from Xi’an,capital of the Shaanxi Province in Eastern China,go through Russia,Central Asia and Eastern Europe in order to reach their final destinations in Western *** routes are completed by sea routes starting from China’s southeastern ports and going through the south of India,East Africa,the Suez Canal,to reach Europe through the Mediterranean ***,the project is not limited to Eurasia,as it also includes countries from Africa,the Middle East,Latin America,the South Pacific,as well as the Arctic *** this ambitious project intends to spread across and beyond the continent,European countries must decide whether they will officially cooperate or *** this respect,as one of Europe’s major actors,France’s government still has not made its decision clear,however,local French actors are already striving to take part in this *** an inductive theoretical approach together with the rational choice theory,this thesis intends to highlight the political and economic advantages and challenges faced by France and China regarding France’s potential participation in the Belt and Road *** question is of great interest as France will have to make a decision regarding this matter in the coming *** which advantages and challenges France will meet if it chooses to cooperate with China on this project will help us get an idea of France’s current situation and options,and understand its coming decision.A broader point of view on the European Union perspective will also be displayed as its support and opinion towards the BRI will be a major factor in the decision of France.

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Distortion Function for Emoji Image Steganography

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2019年第6期59卷 943-953页

作者： Lina Shi Zichi Wang Zhenxing Qian Nannan Huang pauline Puteaux Xinpeng Zhang Shanghai Institute for Advanced Communication and Data Science School of Communication and Information EngineeringShanghai UniversityShanghai200444China Laboratoire d'Informatique de Robotique et de Microlectronique de MontpellierCentre National de la Recherche ScientifiqueUniversity of MontpellierMontpellier34095France

Nowadays,emoji image is widely used in social *** achieve covert communication in emoji images,this paper proposes a distortion function for emoji images *** profile of image content,the intra-and inter-frame correlation are taken into account in the proposed distortion function to fit the unique properties of emoji *** three parts are combined together to measure the risks of detection due to the modification on the cover *** the popular syndrome trellis coding(STC),the distortion of stego emoji image is minimized using the proposed distortion *** a result,less detectable artifacts could be found in the stego *** results show that the proposed distortion function performs much higher undetectability than current state-of-the-art distortion function HILL which is designed for natural image.

关键词： Steganography emoji image distortion function

The Fragmentation of Enforcement Powers under China's Anti-Monopoly Law of 2007

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The Fragmentation of Enforcement Powers under China's Anti-M...

作者： Leduc.pauline IsaureTatiana 复旦大学

学位级别：硕士

China's Anti-Monopoly Law was adopted on August 30,2007 for the purposes of furthering the establishment of a strong and integrated domestic market, increasing Chinese enterprises'competitiveness in the context on China's accession to the World Trade Organization, and defending consumers'*** was certainly an important gesture, directed both outward, towards the international community and multinational enterprises, and inward, towards powerful market actors such as State-Owned Enterprises and regional champions, trade associations, local administrations. Yet, it failed at reforming the structures in charge of implementing competition policies in *** Anti-Monopoly Law of 2007 consecrated the division of powers between three administrations, the NDRC, the SAIC, and the Ministry of Commerce, and between central and provincial level of ***, contrary to the early predictions of scholars and lawyers, the AML is implemented. After a slow start, the enforcement authorities have been investigating and closing cases, and they are evolving in order to become more effective. Regional disparities exist, with regards to their level of activities. Otherwise, the SAIC appears to rely on its provincial offices, whereas the NDRC has been more implicated and could qualify for a leading position if the antitrust structures were to be reformed and merged into an unique ***, even though the different decisions published have been coherent with each other so far, the enforcement authorities would increase their efficiency, and their credibility if they were to be united. A better coordination and diffusion of awareness of the law is necessary, and the unification of the enforcement resources under an unique agency or coordination body would be ideal. In any event, the relation between administrative and judiciary enforcements should also be *** essay focuses in particular on the role of the NDRC and the SAIC, as they have similar ma

关键词： Anti-Monopoly Law(AML) China competition policy implementation local administration NDRC SAIC

Anti program death-1/anti program death-ligand 1 in digestive cancers

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Oncology 2015年第8期7卷 95-101页

作者： Eléonore de Guillebon pauline Roussille Eric Frouin David Tougeron Medical Oncology Department Poitiers University Hospital Radiation Oncology Department Poitiers University Hospital Pathology Department Poitiers University Hospital David Tougeron Laboratory Inflammation Tissus Epithéliaux et Cytokines EA 4331 Poitiers University Gastroenterology Department Poitiers University Hospital

Human tumors tend to activate the immune system regulatory checkpoints as a means of escaping immunosurveillance. For instance, interaction between program death-1(PD-1) and program death-ligand 1(PD-L1) will lead the activated T cell to a state of anergy. PD-L1 is upregulated on a wide range of cancer cells. Anti-PD-1 and anti-PD-L1 monoclonal antibodies(m Abs), called immune checkpoint inhibitors(ICIs), have consequently been designed to restore T cell activity. Accumulating data are in favor of an association between PD-L1 expression in tumors and response to treatment. A PD-L1 expression is present in 30% to 50% of digestive cancers. Multiple anti-PD-1(nivolumab, pembrolizumab) and anti-PD-L1 m Abs(MPDL3280A, Medi4736) are under evaluation in digestive cancers. Preliminary results in metastatic gastric cancer with pembrolizumab are highly promising and phase Ⅱ will start soon. In metastatic colorectal cancer(CRC), a phase Ⅲ trial of MPDL3280 A as maintenance therapy will shortly be initiated. Trials are also ongoing in metastatic CRC with high immune T cell infiltration(i.e., microsatellite instability). Major challenges are ahead in order to determine how, when and for which patients we should use these ICIs. New radiologic criteria to evaluate tumor response to ICIs are awaiting prospective validation. The optimal therapeutic sequence and association with cytotoxic chemotherapy needs to be established. Finally, biomarker identification will be crucial to selection ofpatients likely to benefit from ICIs.

关键词： Program death-1 Program death-ligand 1 Antibody Digestive cancer

Intramolecular (4+3) cycloadditions of nitrogen-tethered epoxy enosilanes for the synthesis of heteropolycycles

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Chinese Chemical Letters 2019年第8期30卷 1523-1526页

作者： Jiayun He Shuk Mei Lam Jerome PLNg Wing-Tak Wong pauline Chiu State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry Department of ChemistryThe University of Hong KongHong KongChina Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology The Hong Kong Polytechnic UniversityHong KongChina

Furans bearing epoxy enolsilane units via a tether that incorporates a nitrogen heteroatom,undergo intramolecular(4+3)cycloadditions to generate bis-heteroatomic polycyclic adducts having piperidine moieties in their *** cycloadducts,ultimately derived from furfural,a renewal chemical feedstock,are obtained with up to 4:1 dr and with ee retained from the epoxide.

关键词： Heterocycles (4+3)cycloaddition Furan Intramolecular Epoxides Piperidine Polycyclic compounds

Combining infrared and mode synthesizing atomic force microscopy： Application to the study of lipid vesicles inside Streptomyces bacteria

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Nano Research 2016年第6期9卷 1674-1681页

作者： pauline Vitry Rolando Rebois Eric Bourillot Ariane Deniset-Besseau Marie-Joelle Virolle~ Eric Lesniewska Alexandre Dazzi ICB UMR CNRS 6303 University ofBourgogne Franche Comte 21078 Dijon France LCP UMR CNRS 8000 University Paris-Sud 91405 Orsay France 12BC UMR CNRS 9198 University Paris-Sud 91190 Gif-Sur-Yvette France

We propose a new analytical approach combining vibrational spectroscopy and acoustic tomography for the detection and characterization of vesicles inside Streptomyces bacteria. Using atomic force microscopy and infrared spectroscopy （AFM-IR）, we detect the presence of triglyceride vesicles. Their sizes in depth are measured with high accuracy using mode synthesizing atomic force microscopy （MS-AFM）. We conducted a comparative study of AFM-IR and MS-AFM, and highlighted the advantages of the coupling of these techniques in having a full characterization （chemical, topographical, and volumetric） of a biological sample. With these complementary techniques, a complete access to the vesicle size distribution has been achieved with an accuracy of less than 50 nm. A 3D reconstruction of bacteria showing the in-depth distribution of vesicles is given to underline the great potential of the acoustic method.

关键词： nanoscale suDsurtace imaging atomic force microscop~ acoustic microscopy infrared microscopy biology

Mode-synthesizing atomic force microscopy for 3D reconstruction of embedded low-density dielectric nanostructures

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Nano Research 2015年第7期8卷 2199-2205页

作者： pauline Vitry Eric BouriUot Cedric Plassard Yvon Lacroute Eric Calkins Laurene Tetard Eric Lesniewska Avenue Alain Savary UMR CNRS 6303 Physics Department University of Bourgogne 210786 Cedex France Nanoscience Technology Center University of Central Florida Orlando FL 32826 USA Department of Physics University of Central Florida Orlando FL 32826 USA

Challenges in nanoscale characterization call for non-invasive, yet sensitive subsurface characterization of low-density materials such as polymers. In this work, we present new evidence that mode-synthesizing atomic force microscopy can be used to detect minute changes in low-density materials, such as those engendered in electro-sensitive polymers during electron beam lithography, surpassing all common nanoscale mechanical techniques. Moreover, we propose 3D reconstruction of the exposed polymer regions using successive high-resolution frames acquired at incremental depths inside the sample. In addition, the results clearly show the influence of increasing dwell time on the depth profile of the nano-sized exposed regions. Hence, the simple approach described here can be used for achieving sensitive nanoscale tomography of soft materials with promising applications in material sciences and biology.

关键词： na_noscale subsurface imaging tomic force microscopy,3D reconstruction, nanoscale tomography acoustic microscopy dielectic