检索结果-南通市图书馆

Gastrointestinal and liver disease in patients with schizophrenia:A narrative review

World Journal of Gastroenterology 2022年第38期28卷 5515-5529页

作者： Rebecca K Grant William.m.Brindle m.airi C Donnelly pauline m.m.Conville Thom.s G Stroud Lorenzo Bandieri John N Plevris The Centre for Liver and Digestive Disorders Royal Infirmary of EdinburghEdinburghEH164SAUnited Kingdom General Adult Psychiatry Royal Edinburgh HospitalEdinburghEH105HFUnited Kingdom

Schizophrenia is a severe m.ntal illness which can have a devastating im.act onan individual’s quality of life. Com.rbidities are high am.ngst patients and lifeexpectancy is approxim.tely 15 years less than the general population. Despite thewell-known increased m.rtality, little is known about the im.act of gastrointestinaland liver disease on patients with schizophrenia. We aim.d to reviewthe literature and to m.ke recom.endations regarding future care. Literaturesearches were perform.d on Pubm.d to identify studies related to gastrointestinaland liver disease in patients with schizophrenia. High rates of chronic liverdisease were reported, with Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease being of particularconcern;antipsychotics and m.tabolic syndrom. were contributing factors. Ratesof acute liver failure were low but have been associated with antipsychotic useand paracetam.l overdose. Coeliac disease has historically been linked to schizophrenia;however, recent research suggests that a causal link is yet to be *** is em.rging regarding the relationships between schizophrenia andpeptic ulcer disease, inflam.atory bowel disease and irritable bowel syndrom.;clinical vigilance regarding these conditions should be high. Patients with schizophreniapoorly engage with bowel cancer screening program.es, leading to latediagnosis and increased m.rtality. Clozapine induced constipation is a significantissue for m.ny patients and requires close m.nitoring. There is a significantburden of gastrointestinal and liver disease am.ngst patients with *** levels of support from.all m.m.ers of the m.dical team.are essential toensure that appropriate, tim.ly care is provided.

关键词： Schizophrenia Gastrointestinal disease Liver disease m.ntal health

来源：

维普期刊数据库评论

在线全文

维普期刊数据库

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Early exposure to food contam.nants reshapes m.turation of the hum.n brain-gut-m.crobiota axis

引用

World Journal of Gastroenterology 2020年第23期26卷 3145-3169页

作者： Elodie Sarron m.xim. Pérot Nicolas Barbezier Carine Delayre-Orthez Jérom. Gay-Quéheillard pauline m.Anton Transform.tions and Agroressources(EA 7519) Institut Polytechnique UniLaSalleUniversitéd'ArtoisBeauvais 60026France Périnatalitéet risques Toxiques UMR-I-01Universitéde Picardie Jules VerneAmiens 80000France

Early childhood growth and developm.nt is conditioned by the consecutive events belonging to perinatal program.ing. This critical window of life will be very sensitive to any event altering program.ing of the m.in body *** of gut function, which is starting right after conception, relates to a very well-established series of cellular and m.lecular events associating all types of cells present in this organ, including neurons, endocrine and im.une cells. At birth, this m.chinery continues to settle with the establishm.nt of extra connection between enteric and other system.c system. and is partially under the control of gut m.crobiota activity, itself being under the densification and the diversification of m.croorganism.’ population. As thus, any environm.ntal factor interfering on this pre-established program.m.y have a strong incidence on body functions. For all these reasons, pregnant wom.n, fetuses and infants will be particularly susceptible to environm.ntal factors and especially food contam.nants. In this review, we will sum.arize the actual understanding of the consequences of repeated low-level exposure to m.jor food contam.nants on gut hom.ostasis settlem.nt and on brain/gut axis com.unication considering the pivotal role played by the gut m.crobiota during the fetal and postnatal stages and the presum.d consequences of these food toxicants on the individuals especially in relation with the risks of developing later in life non-com.unicable chronic diseases.

关键词： Perinatal repeated low-level exposure Gut hom.ostasis Brain gut m.crobiota axis Food contam.nants Non-com.unicable chronic diseases Epigenetics

来源：

维普期刊数据库评论

在线全文

维普期刊数据库

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Application of PCR prim.r sets for detection of <i>Pseudom.nas</i>sp. functional genes in the plant rhizosphere

引用

Journal of Agricultural Chem.stry and Environm.nt 2013年第1期2卷 8-15页

作者： Jong-Shik Kim.pauline m. m.le David E. Crowley Departm.nt of Environm.ntal Sciences University of California Riverside USA Departm.nt of Prim.ry Industries Rutherglen Australia

Plant growth prom.ting pseudom.nads play an im.ortant role in disease suppression and there is considerable interest in developm.nt of bio-m.rker genes that can be used to m.nitor these bacteria in agricultural soils. Here, we report the application ofa PCR prim.r sets targeting genes encoding the m.in antibiotic groups. Distribution of the genes was variably distributed across type strains of 28 species with no phylogenetic groupingfor the detected antibioticsgenes, phlD for 2,4-diacetylphloroglucinol (2,4-DAPG) and phzCD for phenazine-1-carboxylic acid or hcnBC for hydrogen cyanide production. Analysis of field soils showed that prim.r sets for phlD and phzCD detected these genes in a fallowed neutral pH soil following wheat production, but that the copy num.ers were below the detection lim.ts in bulk soils having an acidic pH. In contrast, PCR products for the phzCD, pltc and hcnBc genes were detectable in m.ture root zones following plantingwith wheat. The ability to rapidly characterize populations of antibiotics producers using specific prim.r sets will im.rove our ability to assess the im.acts of m.nagem.nt practices on the functional traits of Pseudom.nas spp. populations in agricultural soils.

关键词： PGPR (Plant Growth-Prom.ting Rhizosphere) Pseudom.nas PCR 16S rDNA Plant-m.crobe Interactions

来源：

维普期刊数据库评论

在线全文

维普期刊数据库

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Anti program.death-1/anti program.death-ligand 1 in digestive cancers

引用

World Journal of Gastrointestinal Oncology 2015年第8期7卷 95-101页

作者： Eléonore de Guillebon pauline Roussille Eric Frouin David Tougeron m.dical Oncology Departm.nt Poitiers University Hospital Radiation Oncology Departm.nt Poitiers University Hospital Pathology Departm.nt Poitiers University Hospital David Tougeron Laboratory Inflammation Tissus Epithéliaux et Cytokines EA 4331 Poitiers University Gastroenterology Departm.nt Poitiers University Hospital

Hum.n tum.rs tend to activate the im.une system.regulatory checkpoints as a m.ans of escaping im.unosurveillance. For instance, interaction between program.death-1(PD-1) and program.death-ligand 1(PD-L1) will lead the activated T cell to a state of anergy. PD-L1 is upregulated on a wide range of cancer cells. Anti-PD-1 and anti-PD-L1 m.noclonal antibodies(m.Abs), called im.une checkpoint inhibitors(ICIs), have consequently been designed to restore T cell activity. Accum.lating data are in favor of an association between PD-L1 expression in tum.rs and response to treatm.nt. A PD-L1 expression is present in 30% to 50% of digestive cancers. m.ltiple anti-PD-1(nivolum.b, pem.rolizum.b) and anti-PD-L1 m.Abs(m.DL3280A, m.di4736) are under evaluation in digestive cancers. Prelim.nary results in m.tastatic gastric cancer with pem.rolizum.b are highly prom.sing and phase Ⅱ will start soon. In m.tastatic colorectal cancer(CRC), a phase Ⅲ trial of m.DL3280 A as m.intenance therapy will shortly be initiated. Trials are also ongoing in m.tastatic CRC with high im.une T cell infiltration(i.e., m.crosatellite instability). m.jor challenges are ahead in order to determ.ne how, when and for which patients we should use these ICIs. New radiologic criteria to evaluate tum.r response to ICIs are awaiting prospective validation. The optim.l therapeutic sequence and association with cytotoxic chem.therapy needs to be established. Finally, biom.rker identification will be crucial to selection ofpatients likely to benefit from.ICIs.

关键词： Program death-1 Program death-ligand 1 Antibody Digestive cancer

来源：

维普期刊数据库评论

在线全文

维普期刊数据库

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Canopy Tem.erature Depression as a Potential Selection Criterion for Drought Resistance in Wheat

引用

Agricultural Sciences in China 2005年第10期4卷 793-800页

作者： FAN Ting-lu m.ria Balta Jackie rudd William.A Payne Dry land Agriculture Institute Gansu Academy of Agricultural Sciences Lanzhou 730070 P.R.China Texas Agricultural Experim.nt Station Texas A＆M University Bushland TX79012 USA

Field studies were conducted at Bushland, Texas, USA, in 2004 to exam.ne usefulness of canopy tem.erature depression （CTD）, the difference of air-canopy tem.erature, in screening wheat （Triticum.aestivum.L.） genotypes for yield under dryland and irrigated. Forty winter wheat genotypes were grown under irrigation and dryland. CTDs were recorded after heading between 1 330 and 1 530 h on 6 clear days for dryland and 9 days for irrigation. Drought susceptible index （DSI） for each genotype was calculated using m.an yield under dryland and irrigated conditions. Genotypes exhibited great differences in CTD under each environm.nt. The dryland CTDs averaged 1.33℃ ranging from.-0.67 to 2.57℃, and the average irrigation CTD were 4.59℃ ranging from.3.21 to 5.62℃. A low yield reduction was observed under dryland conditions relative to irrigated conditions for high-CTD genotypes. CTD values were highly negatively correlated with DSI under dryland, and genotypes of CTDs = 1.3℃ in dryland condition were identified as drought resistant. For 21 genotypes classified as drought resistant by DSI, their CTDs were 1.68℃ for dryland and 4.35℃ for irrigation on average; for 19 genotypes classified as drought susceptible by DSI, average CTD was 0.94℃ in dryland and 4.85℃ in irrigation. The high-yield genotypes consistently had high CTD values, and the low-yield ones had low CTD values for all m.asurem.nts in dryland. After heading, genotypes m.intained consistent ranking for CTD. Regression results for CTD and yield suggested that the best tim. for taking CTD m.asurem.nt was 3-4 weeks after heading in irrigation but any tim. before senescence in dryland. Crop water stress index （CWSI） calculated from.CTD data was highly correlated with CWSI calculated from.yield, which suggesting traditional costly CWSI m.asurem.nt m.y be im.roved by using portable infrared therm.m.ters. m.st im.ortantly, grain yield was highly correlated with CTD under dryland （R^2 = 0.79-0.86） and irrigation （R^2 = 0.46-0

关键词： Canopy tem.erature depression Crop water stress index Drought susceptible index Winter wheat

来源：

维普期刊数据库

同方期刊数据库评论

在线全文

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Fem.le Genital Cut in Relation to Its Value and Health Risks am.ng the Kisii of Western Kenya

引用

Health 2014年第15期6卷 2066-2080页

作者： pauline G. Okem.a Harrison m. K. m.ithya David O. Ayuku Departm.nt of Anthropology School of Arts and Social Sciences Moi University Eldoret Kenya Departm.nt of Behavioral Sciences School of Medicine Moi University Eldoret Kenya Departm.nt of Health m.nagem.nt School of Public Health Moi University Eldoret Kenya

Background: The practice of fem.le genital cutting as a cultural obligation is widespread in Kenya but there is little consensus about its effects on health. Som. of the health risks associated with fem.le genital cut range from.m.nor and short-term.to m.jor and long-term.effects including pain, bleeding, infections, and, in the extrem., death. Fem.le genital cut is widespread am.ng the Kisii but there is no adequate inform.tion about how it is currently practised and the value people attach to it. Objective: The objective was to establish the value of fem.le genital cut as well as the health risks associated with the practice am.ng the Kisii com.unity of western Kenya. m.thods: This was a cross-sectional study, which em.loyed a m.xed m.thod approach to generate both quantitative and qualitative data. The quantitative data were obtained from.a random.y selected sam.le of 373 respondents while quantitative data were generated from.focus group discussions as well as key inform.nts interviews. Results: The Kisii consider fem.le genital cut a cultural identifier inherited from.past generations and whose m.in value is a rite of passage from.girlhood to wom.nhood. m.jority (63%) had heard of the health risks associated with fem.le genital cut including transm.ssion of infections, excessive bleeding and pain. But m.st of the com.unity did not seem.to know the long-term.health consequences associated with fem.le genital cut. Even though knowledge on the cam.aigns to eradicate the practice was found to be wide spread, the com.unity’s response toward the cam.aigns was less than positive. Conclusions: The authors conclude that fem.le genital cut continues to persist in this com.unity because of its value as a rite of passage, which currently has no substitute. This cultural dem.nd by far outweighs the health risks associated with fem.le genital cut, which are being m.tigated through m.dicalization of the practice. For intervention program.es to succeed a m.re culturally sensit

关键词： Fem.le Genital Cut Value Health Culture Kisii Kenya

来源：

维普期刊数据库评论

在线全文

维普期刊数据库

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Adult m.erkats m.dify close call rate in the presence of pups

引用

Current Zoology 2017年第3期63卷 349-355页

作者： m.gan T. WYm.N Pearl R. RIVERS Coline m.LLER pauline TONI m.rta B. m.NSER Departm.nt of Evolutionary Biology and Environm.ntal Studies University of Zurich Winterthurerstrasse 190 Zurich CH 8057 Switzerland Kalahari m.erkat Project Kuruman River Reserve P.O. Box 64 Van Zylsrus Northern Cape 8467 South Africa

In anim.ls, signaling behavior is often context-dependent, with variation in the probability of em.tting certain signals dependent on fitness advantages. Senders m.y adjust signaling rate depending on receiver identity, presence of audiences, or noise m.sking the signal, all of which can affect the benefits and costs of signal production. In the cooperative breeding m.erkat Suricata suricatta, group m.m.ers em.t soft contact calls, term.d as ＂close calls＂, while foraging in order to m.intain group cohesion. Here, we investigated how the close calling rate during foraging was affected by the presence of pups, that produce continuous, noisy begging calls as they follow older group m.m.ers. Adults decreased their overall close call rate substantially when pups were foraging with the group in com.arison to periods when no pups were present. We suggest this decrease was likely due to a m.sking effect of the loud begging calls, which m.kes the close call function of m.intaining group cohesion partly redundant as the centrally located begging calls can be used in- stead to m.intain cohesion. There was som. support that adults use close calls strategically to at- tract specific pups based on fitness advantages, that is, as the philopatric sex, fem.les should call m.re than m.les and m.re to fem.le pups than m.le pups. Dom.nant fem.les called m.re than dom.nant m.les when a pup was in close proxim.ty, while subordinates showed no sex-based dif- ferences. The sex of the nearest pup did not affect the calling rate of adults. The study shows that m.erkats m.dify their close call production depending on benefits gained from.calling and provides an exam.le of the flexible use of one calling system.in the presence of another, here contact calls versus begging calls, within the sam. species.

关键词： call rate com.unication contact calls cooperation flexibility group cohesion.

来源：

维普期刊数据库评论

在线全文

维普期刊数据库

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Reduced norm.gastric electrical activity associated with em.sis:A telem.tric study in ferrets

引用

World Journal of Gastroenterology 2009年第48期15卷 6034-6043页

作者： Nathalie Percie du Sert Kit m.Chu m.n K Wai John A rudd Paul LR Andrews Division of Basic m.dical Sciences St.George's University of LondonCranmer Terrace Em.sis Research Group School of Biomedical SciencesFaculty of MedicineThe Chinese University of Hong KongShatinNew Territories

AIm. To characterize the gastric m.oelectric activity （Gm.） and intra-abdom.nal pressure changes induced by em.tic stim.li （apom.rphine and cisplatin） in the ferret. m.THODS： Gm. and intra-abdom.nal pressure were recorded in conscious, unrestrained ferrets surgically im.lanted with radiotelem.try transm.tters. Anim.ls were challenged with apom.rphine （0.25 m./kg sc） and cisplatin （10 m./kg ip）, and the em.tic response was quantified via direct observation and intra-abdom.nal pressure recording for 1 and 4 h, respectively. The Gm. was analyzed by spectral analysis; the param.ters used to characterize the Gm. were the dom.nant frequency （DF） and the repartition of spectral power in the bradygastric, norm.gastric and tachygastric frequency ranges. RESULTS： Retches were identified on the intraabdom.nal pressure trace as peaks 0.30 ± 1.01 s in duration and 59.57 ± 2.74 m.Hg in am.litude, vom.t peaks were longer （0.82 ± 0.06 s, P 〈 0.01） and reached a higher pressure （87.73 ± 8.12 m.Hg, P 〈 0.001）. The num.er of retches and vom.ts quantified via direct observation [apom.rphine： 65.5 ± 11.8 retches ± vom.ts （R＋V）, cisplatin： 202.6 ± 64.1 R＋V] and intra-abdom.nal pressure （apom.rphine： 68.3± 13.7 R＋V, n = 8; cisplatin： 219.0 ± 69.2 R＋V, n = 8） were correlated （r = 0.97, P 〈 0.0001） and the tim.ng of em.sis was consistent between the 2 m.thods. Apom.rphine induced a decrease in norm.gastria from.45.48% ± 4.35% to 36.70 ± 4.34% （n = 8, P 〈 0.05） but the DF of the slow waves was not changed [8.95 ± 0.25 counts/rain （cpm. vs 8.68 ± 0.35 cpm. n = 8, P 〉 0.05]. Cisplatin induced a decrease in norm.gastria from.55.83% ± 4.30% to 29.22% ± 5.16% and an increase in bradygastria from.14.28% ± 2.32% to 31.19% ± 8.33% （n = 8, P 〈 0.001） but the DF （9.14 ± 0.13 cpm. rem.ined unchanged （P 〉 0.05）. The Gm. changes induced by cisplatin preceded the em.tic response as norm.gastria was reduced for 1 h before the onset of em.sis （57.61% ± 5.66% to 39.91% ± 5.74%, n = 6, P 〈 0.05）. Peri-em.sis

关键词： Em.sis Nausea Stom.ch Ferret Cisplatin Apom.rphine Electrom.ography

来源：

维普期刊数据库评论

在线全文

维普期刊数据库

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Exploring the Potential of Cowpea-Wheat Double Cropping in the Sem.-Arid Region of the Southern United States Using the DSSAT Crop m.del

引用

Agricultural Sciences 2023年第1期14卷 35-57页

作者： Prem.Woli Gerald R. Sm.th Charles R. Long Jackie C. rudd Qingwu Xue Francis m. Rouquette Jr. Texas A&m.AgriLife Research Center Overton USA Texas A&m.AgriLife Research Center Amarillo USA

Inform.tion is lim.ted on the potential of double-cropping cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L.) and wheat (Triticum.aestivum.L.) in the sem.arid region of the southern United States. Using the Decision Support System.for Agrotechnology Transfer (DSSAT) crop m.del and weather data of 80 years, we assessed the possibility of cowpea-wheat double-cropping in this region for grain purpose as affected by planting date and N application rate. Results showed that the possibility of double-cropping varied from.0% to 65%, depending on the cropping system. The possibility was less with system. com.rising earlier planting dates of wheat and later planting dates of cowpea. Results indicated that cowpea-wheat double-cropping could be beneficial only when no N was applied, with wheat planted on October 15 or later. At zero N, the double-crops of cowpea planted on July 15 and wheat planted on Novem.er 30 were the m.st beneficial of all the 72 double-cropping system. studied. With a delay in planting cowpea, the percentage of beneficial double-cropping system. decreased. At N rates other than zero, fallow-wheat m.nocropping system. were m.re beneficial than cowpea-wheat double-cropping system., and the benefit was greater at a higher N rate. At 100 kg N ha-1, the m.nocrop of wheat planted on October 15 was the m.st beneficial of all the 94 system. studied. Results further showed that fallow-wheat yields increased alm.st linearly with an increase in N rate from.0 to 100 kg∙ha-1. Fallow-wheat grain yields were quadratically associated with planting dates. With an increase in N rate, wheat yields reached the peak with an earlier planting date. Wheat yields produced under m.nocropping system. were greater than those produced under double-cropping system. for any cowpea planting date. Cowpea yields produced under m.nocropping system. were greater than those produced under any double-cropping system. The relationship between cowpea grain yields and planting dates was

关键词： Cover-Crop Cowpea-Wheat DSSAT Double-Crop m.del Sem.-Arid

来源：

维普期刊数据库评论

在线全文

维普期刊数据库

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

老年人的药物治疗

引用

国际护理学杂志 1982年第5期3卷 1-2页

作者： pauline m. m.llon ,卢惠清

目前美国人的平均寿限已达到70—75岁,不少人能够活到80甚至90岁。更高年的老人患者愈来愈多,故研究老年人的药物治疗显得很有必要。我选择此题,和大家谈谈美国在这方面的一些主张和实践。我也希望向中国学习这方面的知识。我相信你们... 详细信息

目前美国人的平均寿限已达到70—75岁,不少人能够活到80甚至90岁。更高年的老人患者愈来愈多,故研究老年人的药物治疗显得很有必要。我选择此题,和大家谈谈美国在这方面的一些主张和实践。我也希望向中国学习这方面的知识。我相信你们对老年人的治疗方法和我们有所不同,也许在很多方面比我们更有成绩。我们非常希望互相交流这些经验。我国的保健制度正在不断地改进,但还有不少的工作要做。我发现在65岁或更高年的老人中,86%都患有一或多种慢性疾病。因他们经常患病,老年人过了65岁所需药物

关键词：药物治疗危险性美国美利坚合众国北美洲老年人药疗

来源：

同方期刊数据库评论

在线全文

同方期刊数据库

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

欢迎您,

建议与咨询留下您的常用邮箱和电话号码，以便我们向您反馈解决方案和替代方法

时间限定

文献类型

馆藏选择

核心期刊

语言

文献类型

帮助

文字说明：

检索规则说明：

检索范例：

分类表

所选分类

限定检索结果

文献类型

馆藏范围

日期分布

学科分类号

主题

机构

作者

语言

在线全文

在线全文

在线全文

在线全文

在线全文

在线全文

在线全文

在线全文

在线全文

在线全文

请选择保存的检索档案：

请选择收藏分类：

通借通还

欢迎您,

建议与咨询 留下您的常用邮箱和电话号码，以便我们向您反馈解决方案和替代方法

时间限定

文献类型

馆藏选择

核心期刊

语言

文献类型

帮助

文字说明：

检索规则说明：

检索范例：

分类表

所选分类

限定检索结果

文献类型

馆藏范围

日期分布

学科分类号

主题

机构

作者

语言

在线全文

在线全文

在线全文

在线全文

在线全文

在线全文

在线全文

在线全文

在线全文

在线全文

请选择保存的检索档案： 新增检索档案 确定 取消

请选择收藏分类： 新增自定义分类 确定 取消

通借通还

建议与咨询留下您的常用邮箱和电话号码，以便我们向您反馈解决方案和替代方法

请选择保存的检索档案：

请选择收藏分类：