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‘New’unintentionally produced PCBs in the Arctic

Emerging Contaminants 2019年第1期5卷 9-14页

作者： paul w.bartlett Elisabeth Isaksson Mark H.Hermanson Fordham University 113 West 60th Street-Rm 813mNew YorkNY10023USA John Jay College of Criminal Justice City University of New York524 West 59th St.Rm.NB 9.63.25New YorkNY10019USA Norwegian Polar Institute Fram Centre Postboks 6066NO-9296TromsøNorway Hermanson&Associates LLC 2000W.53rd St.MinneapolisMN55419USA

Contamination of the Arctic by legacy polychlorinated biphenyls(PCB)is well documented,but the more recent discovery of unintentionally produced(UP)PCBs in the Arctic is a cause for *** PCBs are covered by existing international conventions and regular monitoring,and the UP congeners are covered by the Stockholm Convention and the *** Substances Control Act,but systematic monitoring and regulatory enforcement of UP-PCBs are *** of UP-PCB are by-products of manufacturing(***)and from thermal sources(***).Estimates of PCB emissions in China now show UP-PCB eclipsing emissions of legacy *** we discuss the 209 PCB-congener results from surface snow samples from Lomonosovfonna in 2010 and 2014,a glacial site on Svalbard which,in 2014,shows presence of PCB5,PCB11,and an unusually high amount of *** PCB5 and PCB11 may not be found in legacy PCB mixtures,PCB52 is in many PCB mixtures,yet dominates none of them as in the 2014 snow *** it possible that these congeners are from UP-PCB processes?A search of the literature shows that PCB5,PCB11 and PCB52 are co-synthesis products of pigment production and that PCB5 and PCB11 are found in flue gas and ash from hazardous waste *** these,PCB11 has received greater attention in the *** has recently been consistently detected in the air,snow,soil and biota in the Arctic,evidence that PCB11 and possibly other UP-PCB congeners are global *** core measurements dating from 1957 to 2009 of PCBs in Svalbard reveal PCB11 presence throughout that period,indicating historic presence in the Arctic before being a focus of research *** UP-PCB need to be more fully investigated,especially from thermal sources.

关键词： PCB Polychlorinated biphenyls Arctic PCB5 PCB11 PCB52 Emerging chemicals Assessment

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Burden and factors associated with schistosomiasis and soil-transmitted helminth infections among school-age children in Huambo,Uige and Zaire provinces,Angola

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Infectious Diseases of Poverty 2022年第3期11卷 99-100页

作者： Adam w.bartlett Jose C.Sousa-Figueiredo Roelofje Cvan Goor paul Monaghan warren Lancaster Rukaaka Mugizi Elsa P.Mendes Susana Vaz Nery Sergio Lopes 不详 The Mentor Initiative 4Th Floor(South Suite)Burns HouseHarlands RoadHaywards HeathR161PGUK

Background:Schistosomiasis and soil-transmitted helminths(STHs)contribute high disease burdens amongst the neglected tropical diseases(NTDs)and are public health problems in *** study reports the prevalence,intensity and risk factors for schistosomiasis and STH infection in Huambo,Uige and Zaire provinces,Angola,to inform a school-based preventive chemotherapy ***:A two-stage cluster design was used to select schools and schoolchildren to participate in parasitological and water,sanitation and hygiene(wASH)surveys across Huambo,Uige,and Zaire ***-of-care circulating cathodic antigen and urinalysis rapid diagnostic tests(RDTs)were used to determine the prevalence of Schistosoma mansoni and ***,***-Katz was used to identify and quantify STH species and quantify and compare with RDTs for *** filtration was used to quantify and compare with RDTs for *** statistics were used for prevalence and infection intensity of schistosomiasis and STH *** of RDTs was assessed through specificity and Cohen’s Kappa agreement with microscopy.A multivariate regression analysis was used to determine demographic and wASH factors associated with schistosomiasis and STH ***:A total 575 schools and 17,093 schoolchildren participated in the schistosomiasis survey,of which 121 schools and 3649 schoolchildren participated in the STH *** prevalence of *** was 21.2%(municipality range 0.9–74.8%)and *** 13.6%(range 0–31.2%),with an overall prevalence of schistosomiasis of 31.4%(range 5.9–77.3%).Overall prevalence of Ascaris lumbricoides was 25.1%(range 0–89.7%),hookworm 5.2%(range 0–42.6%),and Trichuris trichiura 3.6%(range 0–24.2%),with an overall prevalence of STH infection of 29.5%(range 0.8–89.7%).Ecological zone and ethnicity were factors associated with schistosomiasis and STH infection,with older age and female sex additional risk factors for S

关键词： Schistosomiasis Soil-transmitted helminths Circulating cathodic antigen Rapid diagnostic test water,sanitation and hygiene

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DEM prediction of industrial and geophysical particle flows

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Particuology 2010年第2期8卷 106-118页

作者： paul w. Cleary CSIRO Mathematical and Information Sciences Private Bag 33 Clayton South 3169 Australia

Simulation of industrial particle flows using DEM （Discrete Element Method） offers the opportunity for better understanding of the flow dynamics by the inclusion of particle scale physics that often determine the nature of these flows. Increased understanding from the models can lead to improvements in equip- ment design and operation, potentially leading to large increases in equipment and process efficiency, throughput and]or product quality. Industrial applications are typically large and involve complex par- ticulate behaviour in complex geometries. This paper explores the critical influence of particle shape on granular system behaviour and then discusses examples of DEM applied to several large industrial problems. 2009 Chinese Society of Particuology and Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.

关键词： DEMGranular flowLandslideMillScreenMixing

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A functional tacrolimus-releasing nerve wrap for enhancing nerve regeneration following surgical nerve repair

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第1期20卷 291-304页

作者： Simeon C.Daeschler Katelyn J.w.So Konstantin Feinberg Marina Manoraj Jenny Cheung Jennifer Zhang Kaveh Mirmoeini Jpaul Santerre Tessa Gordon Gregory HBorschel SickKids Research Institute Neuroscience and Mental Health ProgramTorontoONCanada Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering University of TorontoTorontoONCanada Indiana University School of Medicine IndianapolisINUSA Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery the Hospital for Sick ChildrenTorontoONCanada Translational Biology and Engineering Program Ted Rogers Centre for Heart ResearchInstitute of Biomedical EngineeringFaculty of DentistryUniversity of TorontoTorontoONCanada

Axonal regeneration following surgical nerve repair is slow and often incomplete,resulting in poor functional recovery which sometimes contributes to lifelong ***,there are no FDA-approved therapies available to promote nerve *** accelerates axonal regeneration,but systemic side effects presently outweigh its potential benefits for peripheral nerve *** authors describe herein a biodegradable polyurethane-based drug delivery system for the sustained local release of tacrolimus at the nerve repair site,with suitable properties for scalable production and clinical application,aiming to promote nerve regeneration and functional recovery with minimal systemic drug *** is encapsulated into co-axially electrospun polycarbonate-urethane nanofibers to generate an implantable nerve wrap that releases therapeutic doses of bioactive tacrolimus over 31 *** and drug loading are adjustable for applications in small and large caliber nerves,and the wrap degrades within 120 days into biocompatible *** released from the nerve wrap promotes axon elongation in vitro and accelerates nerve regeneration and functional recovery in preclinical nerve repair models while off-target systemic drug exposure is reduced by 80%compared with systemic *** its surgical suitability and preclinical efficacy and safety,this system may provide a readily translatable approach to support axonal regeneration and recovery in patients undergoing nerve surgery.

关键词： biodegradable local drug delivery nerve injury nerve regeneration nerve wrap tacrolimus

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Assessing mixing characteristics of particle-mixing and granulation devices

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Particuology 2008年第6期6卷 419-444页

作者： paul w. Cleary Matthew D. Sinnott CSIRO Mathematical and Information Sciences

The mixing of particulates such as powders is an important process in many industries including pharmaceuticals, plastics, household products （such as detergents） and food processing. The quality of products depends on the degree of mixing of their constituent materials which in turn depends on both geometric design and operating conditions. Unfortunately, due to lack of understanding of the interaction between mixer geometry and the granular material, limited progress has been made in optimizing mixer design. The discrete element method （DEM） is a computational technique that allows particle systems to be simulated and mixing to be predicted. Simulation is an effective way of acquiring information on the performance of different mixers that is difficult and/or expensive to obtain using traditional experimental approaches. Here we demonstrate how DEM can be used to unravel flow dynamics and assess mixing in several different types of devices. These devices used for mixing and/or granulation of particulates, are classified broadly as gravity controlled, bladed and high shear. we also explore the role of particle shape in mixing performance and use DEM to test whether Froude number scaling is suitable for predicting scale performance of rotating mixers.

关键词： Discrete element modelling Mixing Mixers Blenders Granulation Scale up Particle shape

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Robust H_∞ control for aseismic structures with uncertainties in model parameters

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Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration 2007年第4期6卷 409-416页

作者：宋刚林家浩赵岩 w. paul Howson Fred w williams State Key Laboratory of Structural Analysis for Industrial Equipment Faculty of Vehicle Engineering and Mechanics Dalian University of Technology Cardiff School of Engineering Cardiff University Cardiff CF24 3AA Wales U.K.

This paper presents a robust H∞ output feedback control approach for structural systems with uncertainties in model parameters by using available acceleration measurements and proposes conditions for the existence of such a robust output feedback controller. The uncertainties of structural stiffness, damping and mass parameters are assumed to be norm-bounded. The proposed control approach is formulated within the framework of linear matrix inequalities, for which existing convex optimization techniques, such as the LM1 toolbox in MATLAB, can be used effectively and conveniently. To illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed robust H∞ strategy, a six-story building was subjected both to the 1940 E1 Centro earthquake record and to a suddenly applied Kanai-Tajimi filtered white noise random excitation. The results show that the proposed robust H∞ controller provides satisfactory results with or without variation of the structural stiffness, damping and mass parameters.

关键词： structural control robust H∞ control linear matrix inequality dynamic output feedback parameter uncertainty seismic excitation

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Influence of Pr^(3+) Doping on the Microstructure of ZnO Quantum Dots

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Journal of wuhan University of Technology(Materials Science) 2015年第1期30卷 16-21页

作者：李宏 XIA Mengling LUO Kaifei wANG paul w State Key Laboratory of Silicate Materials for Architectures Wuhan University of Technology Department of Physics Bradley University

Pr3＋ doped ZnO quantum dots （QDs） were successfully synthesized by sol-gel process. X-ray diffraction （XRD） and X-ray Phtoelectron spectroscopy （XPS） were used to analyze the microstructure variation of ZnO QDs and the chemical environment of Pr3＋ with increasing Pr3＋ doping concentrations. Most of Pr3＋ ions distribute on the surface ofZnO QDs while a few of them penetrate into the ZnO lattice to substitute Zn2＋ which causes the lattice distortion and the change of the crystal size. with increasing concentration of Pr3＋ ions, the crystal size of ZnO QDs firstly increases and then decreases meanwhile the amorphization gradually increases. New Pr-O-Zn bonds formed after Pr3＋ doping and Pr3＋ ions have at least two chemical bonding environments： one is Pr-O-Zn bond and the other is Pr-O bond surrounded by oxygen vacancies.

关键词： Pr3+ doping ZnO QDs sol-gel process microstructure

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Emerging Directions in Electroanalysis

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Journal of Analysis and Testing 2019年第2期3卷 123-124页

作者： paul w.Bohn University of Notre Dame Notre DameUSA

with roots reaching back to the eighteenth century and pros-pects as new as the development of advanced energy storage technologies,electrochemistry is at once both old and *** a history of development as long as this,electrochem-istry’s obituary has been written multiple ***-less,this fascinating science focused on understanding and manipulating electron transfer reactions continues to spawn new areas of application and fascinating fundamental *** is why it is such a pleasure to create and introduce this excellent collection of articles for the Jour-nal of Analysis and *** of contributions that literally circle the globe-from Asia,Europe,and North America-these papers serve as a guide to some of the most recent and exciting new developments in electrochemistry,generally,and electroanalysis specifically.

关键词： analysis circle continue

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Multidisciplinary management of nonfunctional neuroendocrine tumor of the pancreas

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world Journal of Gastroenterology 2016年第11期22卷 3105-3116页

作者： Ian w Folkert paul Hernandez Robert E Roses Department of Surgery Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania

Pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors(PNETs) are a rare and diverse group of tumors; nonfunctional(NF) PNETs account for the majority of cases. Most patients with NF-PNETs have metastatic disease at the time of presentation. A variety of treatment modalities exist, including medical, liver directed, and surgical treatments. Aggressive surgical management is associated with prolonged survival, however available data are limited by selection bias and the frequent combination of PNETs with carcinoid tumors. Although few patients with metastatic disease will be cured, application of currently available therapies in a multidisciplinary setting can lead to excellent outcomes with prolonged patient survival.

关键词： Neuroendocrine tumor Pancreas Non functional Multidisciplinary Pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor

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Recurrent hepatitis C after liver transplant

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world Journal of Gastroenterology 2014年第31期20卷 10668-10681页

作者： Andrew S deLemos paul A Schmeltzer Mark w Russo Department of Medicine Center for Liver Diseases and Transplantation Carolinas Medical Center

End stage liver disease from hepatitis C is the most common indication for liver transplantation in many parts of the world accounting for up to 40% of liver transplants. Antiviral therapy either before or after liver transplantation is challenging due to side effects and lower efficacy in patients with cirrhosis and liver transplant recipients, as well as from drug interactions with immunosuppressants. Factors that may affect recurrent hepatitis C include donor age, immunosuppression, IL28 B genotype, cytomegalovirus infection, and metabolic syndrome. Older donor age has persistently been shown to have the greatest impact on recurrent hepatitis C. After liver transplantation, distinguishing recurrent hepatitis C from acute cellular rejection may be difficult, although the development of molecular markers may help in making the correct diagnosis. The advent of interferon free regimens with direct acting antiviral agents that include NS3/4A protease inhibitors, NS5 B polymerase inhibitors and NS5 A inhibitors holds great promise in improving outcomes for liver transplant candidates and recipients.

关键词： Hepatitis C Liver transplant Donor risk factors Immunosuppression Protease inhibitors Fibrosing cholestatic hepatitis C Acute cellular rejection Cytomegalovirus

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