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Virally-Mediated Versus Grazer-Induced Mortality Rates in a Warm-Temperate Inverse Estuary (Spencer Gulf, South Australia)

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Open Journal of Marine Science 2014年第4期4卷 257-278页

作者： Laurent Seuront Mark Doubell paul van ruth CNRS UMR 8187 LOG Wimereux France School of Biological Sciences Flinders University Adelaide Australia Aquatic Sciences South Australian Research and Development Institute West Beach Australia

We investigated the seasonal dynamics of flow cytometrically-defined populations of viruses, heterotrophic bacteria, and the picoeukaryotic and prokaryotic phytoplankton at three sites in the temperate oligotrophic inverse estuary of Spencer Gulf (South Australia). We consistently identified two sub-populations of viruses, three sub-populations of heterotrophic bacteria, one population of picoeukaryotic phytoplankton and two populations of prokaryotic phytoplankton (cyanobacteria Prochlorococcus and Synechococcus). Both the cytometric community composition and the abundance of viruses, heterotrophic bacteria and both prokaryotic (Synechococcus and Prochlorococcus) and eukaryotic picophytoplankton were consistent with previous observations conducted in South Australian continental shelf waters. Noticeably LDNA bacteria (i.e. inactive or dormant cells) were consistently significantly the most abundant group of heterotrophic bacteria (totaling from 29% to 68% of total bacterial abundance) and were up to 10-fold more abundant than that previously reported in South Australian continental shelf waters, including the nearby Saint Vincent Gulf. These results suggest an overall low activity of the microbial community, and are consistent with previous evidence that LDNA cells may play a greater role in heterotrophic processes than HDNA cells in oligotrophic waters. In an attempt to further assess the qualitative and quantitative nature of the mortality of these organisms, we used a specific dilution assay to assess the relative contribution of viruses and microzooplankton grazers to the mortality rates of heterotrophic bacteria, and picoeukaryotic and prokaryotic phytoplankton. We consistently reported site-specific, population specific and sea-son-specific viral lysis and grazing rates of heterotrophic bacteria and the picoeukaryotic and prokaryotic (cyanobacteria Prochlorococcus and Synechococcus) phytoplankton across sites and seasons. Specifically, both viral lysis and mi

关键词： Lysis Grazing Bacteria Viruses Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Picophytoplankton Dilution Assay

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Evaluation of MODIS Products in the Great Australian Bight and Adjacent Coastal Waters

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Open Journal of Marine Science 2018年第4期8卷 431-449页

作者： Ana Redondo Rodriguez Edward King Mark Doubell paul van ruth South Australian Research and Development Institute West Beach SA Australia CSIRO Oceans and Atmosphere Flagship CSIRO Hobart Australia

Satellite remote sensing data can produce global environmental data and is easily accessible and widely used by the scientific and non-scientific community. However, to use satellite data, it is important to know its limitations and how it validates against in situ measurements for the different regions. Here, field measurements of chlorophyll-a concentration and euphotic depth within the Great Australian Bight, Gulf St Vincent and Spencer Gulf were used to validate ocean colour products derived from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) onboard the Aqua satellite. The field data include in situ and in vivo chlorophyll-a concentration, which were compared against MODIS chlorophyll-a products derived from three algorithms (OC3M, Carder, and Garver-Siegel-Maritorena (GSM)), as well as euphotic depth measurements derived from photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) profiles, which were compared against two MODIS euphotic depth products (derived semi-analytically and from surface chlorophyll-a). The OC3M product performed well in open waters, with errors below the 35% NASA accepted limit, but it overestimated chlorophyll-a values in shallow (<50 m) waters. The GSM product produced the lowest errors, but also showed a smaller dynamic range, while the Carder product produced higher errors than GSM and it also showed small dynamic range. The relationships between the MODIS and in situ euphotic depth were robust, with errors lower than 20%. MODIS products showed weaker or no significant relationships to in situ measurements in the Eastern Great Australian Bight. This is thought to be due to the summertime subsurface upwelling pool that is characteristic of the area. Based on these results, the OC3M product provides the most reliable estimates of chlorophyll-a, and is recommended for further applications of MODIS imagery, if the limitations in shallow waters are taken into account. Alternatively, the GSM product could be a better option if the algorithm

关键词： Great Australian Bight MODIS Remote Sensing Ocean Color Chlorophyll Euphotic Depth

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Size Dependent Competition in Centric Diatoms as a Function of Nitrogen and Silicon Availability

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Open Journal of Marine Science 2012年第1期2卷 33-42页

作者： paul D. van ruth Jian G. Qin Alan J. Branford 不详

Size dependent competition was examined in two marine centric diatoms, Coscinodiscus sp. and Thalassiosira rotula at various, and Si concentrations. The growth responses for both species to nutrient levels were evaluated using two forms of nitrogen (NH4 and NO3) and silicon in both monoculture and mixed culture conditions. Under single species culture, the impact of Si did not depend on N forms for both diatoms. The increase of NH4-N enhanced the growth of Coscinodiscus, but did not affect T. rotula. When NO3-N was the nitrogen source, cell densities of both species were significantly enhanced by increasing Si concentrations, but only T. rotula density was affected by increasing N concentration. When Coscinodiscus sp. and T. rotula grew in the same culture, Coscinodiscus sp. dominated in both N forms. The scale of the dominance of Coscinodiscus sp. over T. rotula increased with decreasing N and Si concentrations. In the competition experiment, when was the N source, both Coscinodiscus sp. and T. rotula were signifi- cantly affected by changes in N concentration, but only T. rotula was affected by Si. When NO3 was the N source, neither Coscinodiscus sp. nor T. rotula was affected by Si, but T. rotula was enhanced by N levels. Regardless the N form, the impact of Si on neither Coscinodiscus sp. nor T. rotula depended on N concentration. Our results indicate that large diatom species have a competitive advantage over small species, and both large and small species were sensitive to NH4-N limitation, but the small species was more sensitive to NO3-N limitation than the large species.

关键词： Diatoms Size-Dependence Nutrient Competition Nitrogen Silica

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Apoptosis is not an invariable component of in vitro models of cortical cerebral ischaemia

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Cell Research 2004年第3期14卷 241-250页

作者： paul Alexander JONES,Gillian ruth MAY,Joyce Ann MCLUCKIE,Akinori IWASHITA,John SHARKEY Fujisawa Institute of Neuroscience Division of Neuroscience University of Edinburgh 1 George Square Edinburgh UK Medical Information Eli Lilly and Company Ltd Lilly House Priestley Road Basingstoke RG24 9NL UK Fujisawa Institute of Neurosdence Division of Neuroscience University of Edinburgh 1 George Square Edinburgh UK Medicinal Biology Research Laboratories Fujisawa Pharmaceuticals Co.Ltd. 2-1-6 Kashima Yodogawa-ku Osaka 532-5814 Japan Fujisawa Institute of Neuroscience Division of Neuroscience University of Edinburgh 1 George Square Edinburgh UK

Characterising the mechanisms of cell death following focal cerebral ischaemia has been hampered by a lack of an in vitro assay emulating both the apoptotic and necrotic features observed in vivo. The present study systematically characterised oxygen-glucose-deprivation (OGD) in primary rat cortical neurones to establish a reproducible model with components of both cell-death endpoints. OGD induced a time-dependent reduction in cell viability, with 80% cell death occurring 24 h after 3 h exposure to 0% O2 and 0.5 mM glucose. Indicative of a necrotic component to OGD induced cell death, N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor inhibition with MK-801 attenuated neuronal loss by 60%. The lack of protection by the caspase inhibitors DEVD-CHO and z-VAD-fmk suggested that under these conditions neurones did not die by an apoptotic mechanism. Moderating the severity of the insult by decreasing OGD exposure to 60 min did not reduce the amount of necrosis, but did induce a small degree of apoptosis (a slight reductio

关键词： oxygen-glucose-deprivation caspase cortical necrosis.

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Governance of decentralized autonomous organizations that produce open source software

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Blockchain(Research and Applications) 2024年第1期5卷 10-30页

作者： paul van Vulpen Jozef Siu Slinger Jansen Department of Information and Computer Science Utrecht University3584 CS Utrechtthe Netherlands Public Sector Solutions Centric2803 PB Goudathe Netherlands

Decentralized autonomous organizations(DAOs)have found use in the governance of open source software(OSS)***,the governance of an OSS producing DAO should match the particularities of OSS production while also overcoming the existing challenges of decentralized *** existing decentralized governance frameworks do not include all the governance activities of OSS ***,this study presents a governance framework for DAOs that produce *** framework is built upon a total of 34 articles on DAO and OSS *** framework was evaluated in three leading DAOs that produce *** evaluation underscores the significance of the framework and proves the potential of the systematic categorization of governance ***,we list emerging governance practices in various governance domains in this developing field.

关键词： Decentralized autonomous organizations Open source software Governance framework Blockchain Decentralized governance Case study research

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Pathophysiology of colorectal peritoneal carcinomatosis: Role of the peritoneum

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2016年第34期22卷 7692-7707页

作者： Lieselotte Lemoine paul Sugarbaker Kurt van der Speeten Department of Medicine and Life Sciences Hasselt University3500 Hasselt Belglum Department of Surgical Oncology Ziekenhuis Oost-Limburg 3600 Genk Belgium Washington Cancer Institute Washington Hospital Center Washington DC 20010 United States

Colorectal cancer(CRC) is the third most common cancer and the fourth most common cause of cancerrelated death worldwide. Besides the lymphatic and haematogenous routes of dissemination,CRC frequently gives rise to transcoelomic spread of tumor cells in the peritoneal cavity,which ultimately leads to peritoneal carcinomatosis(PC). PC is associated with a poor prognosis and bad quality of life for these patients in their terminal stages of disease. A loco-regional treatment modality for PC combining cytoreductive surgery and hyperthermic intraperitoneal peroperative chemotherapy has resulted in promising clinical results. However,this novel approach is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. A comprehensive understanding of the molecular events involved in peritoneal disease spread is paramount in avoiding unnecessary toxicity. The emergence of PC is the result of a molecular crosstalk between cancer cells and host elements,involving several well-defined steps,together known as the peritoneal metastatic cascade. Individual or clumps of tumor cells detach from the primary tumor,gain access to the peritoneal cavity and become susceptible to the regular peritoneal transport. They attach to the distant peritoneum,subsequently invade the subperitoneal space,where angiogenesis sustains proliferation and enables further metastatic growth. These molecular events are not isolated events but rather a continuous and interdependent process. In this manuscript,we review current data regarding the molecular mechanisms underlying the development of colorectal PC,with a special focus on the peritoneum and the role of the surgeon in peritoneal disease spread.

关键词： Peritoneal carcinomatosis Pathophysiology Peritoneal metastatic cascade Cytoreductive surgery Peritoneum Hyperthermic intraperitoneal peroperative chemotherapy

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New insights into protein–polysaccharide complex coacervation:Dynamics,molecular parameters,and applications

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Aggregate 2024年第1期5卷 148-166页

作者： Jiabao Zheng paul van der Meeren Weizheng Sun School of Food Science and Engineering South China University of TechnologyGuangzhouChina Department of Green Chemistry and Technology Faculty of Bioscience EngineeringGhent UniversityGhentBelgium Overseas Expertise Introduction Center for Discipline Innovation of Food Nutrition and Human Health(111 Center) GuangzhouChina

For more than a decade,the discovery of liquid–liquid phase separation within living organisms has prompted colloid scientists to understand the connection between coacervate functionality,phase behavior,and dynamics at a multidisciplinary *** the protein–polysaccharide was the first system in which the coacervation phenomenon was discovered and is widely used in food systems,the phase state and relaxation dynamics of protein–polysaccharide complex coacervates(PPCC)have rarely been discussed ***,this review aims to unravel the relationship between PPCC dynamics,thermodynamics,molecular architecture,applications,and phase states in past *** ahead,solving the way molecular architecture spreads to macro-functionality,that is,establishing the relationship between molecular architecture–dynamics–application,will catalyze novel advancements in PPCC research within the field of foods and biomaterials.

关键词： dynamics encapsulation liquid coacervate protein-polysaccharide complex coacervation solid precipitate

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Self-expandable metal stents for malignant gastric outlet obstruction: A pooled analysis of prospective literature

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2015年第43期21卷 12468-12481页

作者： Emo E van Halsema Erik AJ Rauws paul Fockens Jeanin E van Hooft Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Academic Medical Center

AIM: To provide an overview of the clinical outcomes of self-expandable metal stent(SEMS) placement for malignant gastric outlet obstruction(MGOO).METHODS: A systematic literature search was performed in Pub Med of the literature published between January 2009 and March 2015. Only prospective studies that reported on the clinical success of stent placement for MGOO were included. The primary endpoint was clinical success,defined according to the definition used in the original article. Data were pooled and analyzed using descriptive statistics. Subgroup analyses were performed for partially covered SEMSs(PCSEMSs) and uncovered SEMSs(UCSEMSs) using Fisher's exact ***: A total of 19 studies,including 1281 patients,were included in the final analysis. Gastric(42%) and pancreatic(37%) cancer were the main causes of MGOO. UCSEMSs were used in 76% of patients and PCSEMSs in 24%. The overall pooled technical success rate was 97.3% and the clinical success rate was 85.7%. Stent dysfunction occurred in 19.6% of patients,mainly caused by re-obstruction(12.6%) and stent migration(4.3%),and was comparable between PCSEMSs and UCSEMSs(21.2% vs 19.1%,respectively,P = 0.412). Re-obstruction was more common with UCSEMSs(14.9% vs 5.1%,P < 0.001) and stent migration was more frequent after PCSEMS placement(10.9% vs 2.2%,P < 0.001). The overall perforation rate was 1.2%. Bleeding was reported in 4.1% of patients,including major bleeding in 0.8%. The median stent patency ranged from 68 to 307 d in five studies. The median overall survival ranged from 49 to 183 d in 13 ***: The clinical outcomes in this large population showed that enteral stent placement was feasible,effective and safe. Therefore,stent placement is a valid treatment option for the palliation of MGOO.

关键词： Stents Gastric outlet obstruction Stomach neoplasm

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Formal verification of synchronous data-flow program transformations toward certified compilers

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Frontiers of Computer Science 2013年第5期7卷 598-616页

作者： van Chan NGO Jean-Pierre TALPIN Thierry GAUTIER paul Le GUERNIC Loic BESNARD INRIA Rennes-Bretagne Atlantique Rennes 35042 France IRISA/CNRS Rennes 35042 France

Translation validation was invented in the 90＇s by Pnueli et al. as a technique to formally verify the correctness of code generators. Rather than certifying the code generator or exhaustively qualifying it, translation validators attempt to verify that program transformations preserve semantics. In this work, we adopt this approach to formally verify that the clock semantics and data dependence are preserved during the compilation of the Signal compiler. Translation valida- tion is implemented for every compilation phase from the initial phase until the latest phase where the executable code is generated, by proving the transformation in each phase of the compiler preserves the semantics. We represent the clock semantics, the data dependence of a program and its trans- formed counterpart as first-order formulas which are called clock models and synchronous dependence graphs （SDGs）, respectively. We then introduce clock refinement and depen- dence refinement relations which express the preservations of clock semantics and dependence, as a relation on clock mod- els and SDGs, respectively. Our validator does not require any instrumentation or modification of the compiler, nor any rewriting of the source program.

关键词： formal verification translation validation certi-fied compiler multi-clocked synchronous programs embed-ded systems.

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Step-up approach in emphysematous hepatitis: A case report

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World Journal of Hepatology 2022年第2期14卷 464-470页

作者： Silke Francois Maridi Aerts Hendrik Reynaert ruth van Lancker Johan van Laethem Rastislav Kunda Nouredin Messaoudi Department of Gastroenterology Universitair Ziekenhuis BrusselBrussels 1090Belgium Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Vrije Universiteit BrusselUniversitair Ziekenhuis BrusselBrussels 1090Belgium Department of Intensive Care Vrije Universiteit BrusselUniversitair Ziekenhuis BrusselBrussels 1090Belgium Department of Infectious Diseaeses Vrije Universiteit BrusselUniversitair Ziekenhuis BrusselBrussels 1090Belgium Department of Surgery Vrije Universiteit BrusselUniversitair Ziekenhuis BrusselBrussels 1090Belgium Department of Surgery Europe HospitalsBrussels 1180Belgium

BACKGROUND Emphysematous hepatitis(EH)is a rare,rapidly progressive fulminant gasforming infection of the liver *** is often fatal and mostly affects diabetes *** SUMMARY We report a case of EH successfully managed by a step-up approach consisting of aggressive hemodynamic support,intravenous antibiotics,and percutaneous drainage,ultimately followed by laparoscopic *** 11 documented cases worldwide,only 1 of the patients survived,treated by urgent laparotomy and surgical *** EH is a life-threatening *** high mortality rate makes timely diagnosis essential,in order to navigate treatment accordingly.

关键词： Emphysematous hepatitis Septic shock Step-up approach Percutaneous drainage Laparoscopic deroofing Case report

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