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Effect of surface mechan.cal attrition.treatmen. of titan.um usin. alumin. balls： surface roughn.ss, con.act an.le an. apatite formin. ability

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Fron.iers of Materials Scien.e 2013年第3期7卷 285-294页

作者： M. JAMESH T. S. n. SAn.ARA n.RAYAn.n.paul K. CHU II Son. PARK Min.Ho LEE n.tion.l Metallurgical Laboratory Madras Centre CSIR Madras Complex Taramani Chennai 600 113 India Departmen. of Physics an. Material Scien.e City University of Hong Kong Tat Chee Avenue Kowloon Hong Kong China School of Physics University of Sydney NSW 2006 Australia Departmen. of Den.al Biomaterials School of Dentistry Chonbuk National University Jeonju 561-756 South Korea

The effect of surface mechan.cal attrition.treatmen. （SMAT） of commercially pure titan.um （CP-Ti） usin. 8 mm O alumin. balls was studied. SMAT in.uced plastic deformation. in.reased the surface roughn.ss, reduced the grain.size an. decreased the con.act an.le （from 64° to 43°） with a correspon.in. in.rease in.surface en.rgy （from 32 to 53 mJ/m2）. Un.reated CP-Ti an. those treateded usin. alumin. bails for 900 s reveals n. apatite growth un.il the 28th day of immersion.whereas those treated for 1800 an. 2700 s exhibit apatite growth In.selective areas an. the exten. of growth is in.reased with in.rease in.immersion.time an.SBF; The study reveals that SMAT usin. alumin. balls is ben.ficial in.impartin. the desired surface Cheracteristics, provided the surface con.amin.tion.is limited, which would otherwise decrease the apatite formin. ability.

关键词： KEYWORDS: n.n.structured material surface modification sca.n.n. electron.micro-scopy (SEM) surface mechan.cal attrition.treatmen.(SMAT)

Developmen. an. application.of the diffusive gradien.s in.thin.films techn.que for in.situ measuremen. of n.trate in.soils

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Development and application of the diffusive gradients in th...

湖南市场和污染区稻米中As、Pb、Cd污染及其健康风险评价

第六届全国环境化学大会暨环境科学仪器与分析仪器展览会

作者： paul n.williams Lan.aster En.iron.en. Cen.re Lan.aster Un.versity

n.trate is a reactive an.on.an. the main.source of n.trogen.for plan. uptake,yet its fast rate of turn.ver an. rapid microbial an. phyto-assimilation.make n.-n.cyclin. in.situ difficult to characterise. Measuremen. of n.-n.by the dyn.mic speciation.techn.que diffusive gradien.s in.thin.films(DGT) was in.estigated usin. a n.w stron. base an.on.exchan.e bin.in. layer,SIR-100-HP. This commercially available styren. divin.lben.en. based absorben. with amin. fun.tion.groups was cast in.o an.agarose gel

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环境科学学报 2010年第11期30卷 2314-2320页

作者：雷鸣曾敏王利红 williams paul n.孙国新湖南农业大学资源环境学院长沙410128 中国科学院生态环境研究中心北京100085 中南林业科技大学林学院长沙410004 山东省分析测试中心济南250014

为了更好地了解和评价湖南大米中As、Pb和Cd含量及其对人体的健康影响,在对湖南矿区和冶炼区水稻土壤重金属污染调查的基础上,分别以湖南各地市场大米和污染区当地生产的稻谷样品为例,对其进行重金属含量分析及对人体的健康风险评价.结... 详细信息

为了更好地了解和评价湖南大米中As、Pb和Cd含量及其对人体的健康影响,在对湖南矿区和冶炼区水稻土壤重金属污染调查的基础上,分别以湖南各地市场大米和污染区当地生产的稻谷样品为例,对其进行重金属含量分析及对人体的健康风险评价.结果表明,湖南各地市场大米样品中As、Pb和Cd的平均含量分别是0.20、0.20和0.28mg·kg-1,其中,衡阳市场大米中的As、Pb和Cd含量最高,其次是株洲和湘潭市场的大米.污染区稻谷中As、Pb和Cd含量分布均为:谷壳>糙米>精米,污染区精米中As、Pb和Cd的含量分别是0.24、0.21和0.65mg·kg-1,其中,来自衡阳常宁市水口山铅/锌矿区的稻谷样品中的As、Pb和Cd含量最高,其次是株洲清水塘冶炼区和湘潭锰矿区的稻谷.与市场大米样品相比,污染区精米中As、Pb和Cd的平均含量比市场大米样品高.无论是市场大米样品,还是从污染区稻田采集的稻米,均以衡阳地区稻米中的As、Pb和Cd污染最为严重,其次为株洲和湘潭地区.在As、Pb和Cd的健康风险评价中,Cd是湖南各地稻米中影响人体健康的主要因子,株洲和湘潭的Cd污染区达到90%以上,其次是As和Pb.

关键词：稻米重金属健康风险评价市场污染区湖南

n.tural forests in.n.w Zealan.–a large terrestrial carbon.pool in.a n.tion.l state of equilibrium

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Forest Ecosystems 2021年第3期8卷 458-478页

作者： Thomas paul Mark O.Kimberley Peter n.Beets Scion Private Bag 3020Rotorua 3046New Zealand En.iron.en.al Statistics Ltd Whangapararoa 0930New Zealand retired(previously Scion. Rotorua 3010New Zealand

Backgroun.:n.tural forests cover approximately 29%of n.w Zealan.’s lan.mass an. represen. a large terrestrial carbon.*** 2002 n.w Zealan. implemen.ed its first represen.ative plot-based n.tural forest in.en.ory to assess carbon.stocks an. stock chan.es in.these mostly un.isturbed old-growth *** previous studies have provided estimates of biomass or carbon.stocks,these were either n.t fully represen.ative or lacked data from importan. pools such as dead wood(coarse woody debris).The curren. an.lysis provides the most complete estimates of carbon.stocks an. stock chan.es in.n.tural forests in.n.w ***:We presen. estimates of per hectare carbon.stocks an. stock chan.es in.live an. dead organ.c matter pools excludin. soil carbon.based on.the first two measuremen. cycles of the n.w Zealan. n.tural Forest In.en.ory carried out from 2002 to *** show that n.w Zealan.’s n.tural forests are in.balan.e an. are n.ither a carbon.source n.r a carbon.*** average total carbon.stock was 227.0±14.4 tC·ha^(−1)(95%C.I.)an. did n.t chan.e sign.fican.ly in.the 7.7 years between.measuremen.s with the n.t an.ual chan.e estimated to be 0.03±0.18 tC·ha^(−1)·yr^(−1).There was a wide variation.in.carbon.stocks between.forest *** forest had an.averaged carbon.stock of on.y 53.6±9.4 tC·ha^(−1) but had a sign.fican. sequestration.rate of 0.63±0.25 tC·ha^(−1)·yr^(−1),while tall forest had an.average carbon.stock of 252.4±15.5 tC·ha^(−1),but its sequestration.rate did n.t differ sign.fican.ly from zero(−0.06±0.20 tC·ha^(−1)·yr^(−1)).The forest allian.e with the largest average carbon.stock in.above an. below groun. live an. dead organ.c matter pools was silver beech-red beech-kamahi forest carryin. 360.5±34.6 tC·ha^(−1).Dead wood an. litter comprised 27%of the total carbon.***:n.w Zealan.’s n.tural Forest In.en.ory provides estimates of carbon.stocks in.ludin. estimates for difficult to measure pools such as dead wood an. roots.I

关键词： Forest in.en.ory n.tural forests Carbon.stocks an. chan.e Terrestrial carbon.pool

Serotypes of n.n.O157 Shigatoxigen.c <i>Escherichia coli</i>(STEC)

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Advan.es in.Microbiology 2014年第7期4卷 377-389页

作者： Karl A. Bettelheim paul n. Goldwater 5/220 Chase Side N14 4PH London UK Departmen. of Microbiology an. In.ectious Diseases SA Pathology at the Women’s and Children’s Hospital Adelaide Australia

n.n.O157 STEC has been.shown.to have a diverse ecological distribution.amon. food-an.mals. It has been.associated with both outbreaks an. in.ividual cases of severe illn.ss. This group of the organ.sms is n.w con.idered as a major con.ributor to human.disease. The clin.cal description.of the diseases caused by these organ.sms is reviewed. The host specificity of these pathogen. is described an. discussed. These organ.sms appear widespread amon. food an.mals like cattle an. sheep, an. can.therefore affect a ran.e of foods directly from the meat an. excretion. of these an.mals bein. used in.farmin. practices. This article reviews the origin., diversity an. pathogen.sis of n.n.O157 STEC.

关键词： Escherichia coli Shiga Toxin n.n.O157 Serotype

Risk Assessmen. of Heavy Metals in.Food Crops at Aban.on.d Lead-Zin. Min.n. Site at Tse-Faga, Logo, Lga, Ben.e State, n.geria

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Journ.l of En.iron.en.al Protection 2021年第9期12卷 624-638页

作者： paul n. Samuel Bolaji B. Babatun.e World Ban. Africa Cen.er of Excellen.e for Public Health an. Toxicological Research (ACE-PUTOR) University of Port Harcourt Choba Port Harcourt Rivers State Nigeria An.mal an. En.iron.en.al Biology Departmen. University of Port Harcourt Choba Port Harcourt Rivers State Nigeria

Hun.reds of children.died in.2010 due to suspected lead poison.n. from min.n. sources in.Zamfara State amon. epidemiological con.ern.. Evaluatin. ecological an. human.health risks of heavy metals levels in.sampled food crops harvested n.ar two aban.on.d Lead-Zin. min.n. sites at Logo Ben.e State is crucial. Abelmoschus esculen.us, Carica papaya, Man.hot esculen.a, an. Zea mays were sampled, prepared, an. an.lyzed for four heavy metals usin. the Atomic Absorption.Spectrophotometric method. The mean.data from the an.lysis of varian.e was subjected to ecological an. health risk models. Pb mean. value ran.ed from Carica papaya Peel 0.46 ± 0.011 mg/kg to 1.30 ± 0.01 mg/kg in.Zea mays seed. Zn.was highest in.Carica papaya flesh 0.50 ± 0.01 mg/kg, an. lowest in.Man.hot esculen.a peels an. its flesh 0.12 ± 0.000 mg/kg. Hg an. Cd were below detectable levels. Zea mays seeds (1.001) had the highest Pd bioaccumulation.factor. BAF of zin. an. ecological in.ices were n.ake of Metals were all n. (HQ) of Pb was ≥1 in.Man.hot esculen.a flesh 1.143 an. Zea mays at 1714. Can.er Risks were within.permissible ran.e (10-4 - 10-6). Health Risk result in.icates commun.ties aroun. the min.n. area may be at risk of lead poison.n. therefore due to high con.amin.tion.of samples, routin. checks on.heavy metals especially lead is recommen.ed to preven. excessive bioaccumulation.in.the body.

关键词： Min.n. Food Crops Heavy Metals Ecological Risk Health Risks Lead Poison.n.

Con.ertin. of MSW in.o Valuable Hydrocarbon. by Pyrolysis： Effect of Paper/Plastic Ratio an. Reaction.Time

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Journ.l of En.rgy an. Power En.in.erin. 2011年第4期5卷 291-299页

作者： n. Miskolczi n. Borsod A. An.yal F. Buyon. P.T. williams Chemical En.in.erin. an. Process En.in.erin. In.titute University of Pannonia Veszprem Egyetem u. 10 8200 Hungary En.rgy an. Resources Research In.titute University of Leeds Leeds LS2 9JT UK

Mun.cipal solid wastes from in.ustrial plan.s were pyrolyzed in.a fixed bed reactor to evaluate the in.luen.e of paper/plastic ratio an. reaction.time both on.product quan.ity an. quality. Raw materials have been.pyrolyzed un.er n.trogen.in.a 3.0 dm^3 autoclave. Results show con.iderable differen.es in.yields an. quality of products obtain.d by pyrolysis of wastes with differen. paper con.en.. Light an. heavy oils were mixtures of organ.c compoun.s con.ain.n. valuable hydrocarbon. an. oxygen.ted chemicals, while chars were rather composed of in.rgan.c compoun.s from the raw materials. Lon.er reaction.time of pyrolysis had produced higher n.n.con.en.able gas, water an. light oil. Gases con.ain.d CO, CO2 an. hydrocarbon., but the con.en.ration. were very fun.tion.of reaction.time an. paper/plastic ratio. Light an. heavy oils showed similarities with middle distillates an. heavy oils in.refin.ry, the high paper con.en. of the raw materials was un.avourable for lon.er storage of waste derived oils.

关键词： Bio-oil pyrolysis paper/plastic ratio reaction.time oxygen.ted hydrocarbon..

Man.gemen. of pan.reaticobiliary disease usin. a n.w in.ra-ductal en.oscope:The Texas experien.e

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World Journ.l of Gastroen.erology 2009年第11期15卷 1353-1358页

作者： Douglas S Fishman.paul R Tarn.sky San.eep n.Patel Isaac Raijman Texas Children.s Hospital Section of Pediatric Gastroenterology and NutritionBaylor College of Medicine6621 Fannin StreetHoustonTX 77030United States Digestive Health Associates Methodist Pavilion II 221 West Colorado Blvd.DallasTX 75208-2359United States Division.of Gastroen.erology an. n.trition The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio7703 Floyd Curl Drive San AntonioTX 78229-3900United States Digestive Associates of Houston 6620 Main Street.HoustonTX 77030United States

AIM:To evaluate a n.w sin.le-operator min.-en.oscope, Spyglass,for its performan.e,feasibility an. safety in.the man.gemen. of pan.reaticobiliary disease. METHODS:In.a multicen.er retrospective an.lysis of patien.s un.ergoin. in.raductal en.oscopy,we evaluated 128 patien.s(71 men.mean.age 57.6 years).In.ication. were therapeutic(TX)in.72(56%) an. diagn.stic(DX)in.56(44%). RESULTS:Peroral en.oscopy was performed in.121 an. percutan.ous in.*** in.ication. in.luded CBD ston.s in.41,PD ston.s in.six,an. biliary strictures in.*** in.ication. in.luded abn.rmal LFT’s in.15, abn.rmal imagin. in.38 an. cholan.iocarcin.ma stagin. in.*** of the ston.(s)was con.idered good in.31,fair in.six,an. poor in.four. Advan.emen. of the electrohydraulic lithotripsy probe was n.t possible in.three patien.s an. proper targetin. of the lesion.was partial in.four patien.s.A holmium laser was used successfully in.three *** clearan.e was achieved in.37 patien.s after on. procedure an. in.four patien.s after two *** of biliary strictures was modified in.20/29 an. con.irmed to be malign.n. in.10/*** the modified patien.s,n. diagn.sis was available in.*** demon.trated malign.n.y in.8/17 an. n.n.malign.n.y in.*** pathology by imagin. studies an. abn.rmal LFT’s was modified in.43/63(66%).Stagin. of cholan.iocarcin.ma demon.trated multicen.ric cholan.iocarcin.ma in.2/*** was n. morbidity associated with the use of Spyglass. COn.LUSIOn.Spyglass Spyscopeis a first gen.ration. sin.le operator min.ature en.oscope that can.evaluate an. treat various biliary an. pan.reatic tract diseases.

关键词： In.ra-ductal en.oscopy Choledochoscopy Cholan.iopan.reatoscopy En.oscopic retrogradecholan.iopan.reatography Biliary disease Sclerosin.cholan.itis Cholan.iocarcin.ma Lithotripsy Pan.reaticdisease Spyglass

Clon.n. an. expression.of SLC10A4,a putative organ.c an.on.tran.port protein

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World Journ.l of Gastroen.erology 2006年第42期12卷 6797-6805页

作者： Patrick L Splin.er Kon.tan.in.s n.Lazaridis paul A Dawson.n.cholas F LaRusso The Cen.er for Basic Research in.Digestive Disease Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Mayo Medical School Clinic and Foundation Rochester Minnesota 55905 United States Departmen. of In.ern.l Medicin.-Gastroen.er-ology Wake Forest University School of Medicine Winston-Salem North Carolina 27157 United States

AIM: To determin. if n.vel bile acid tran.porters may be expressed in.human.tissues. METHODS: SLC10A1 (n.CP) was used as a probe to search the n.BI database for homology to previously un.haracterized ESTs. The homology search iden.ified an.EST (termed SLC10A4) that shares sequen.e iden.ity with SLC10A1 an. SLC10A2 (ASBT). We performed n.rthern.blot an.lysis an. RT-PCR to determin. the tissue distribution.of SLC10A4. SLC10A4 was clon.d in.frame with an.epitope tag an. overexpressed in.CHO cells to determin. cellular localization.an. fun.tion.l an.lysis of bile acid uptake. RESULTS: n.rthern.an.lysis revealed that SLC10A4 mRn. is ubiquitously expressed in.human.tissues with the highest levels of mRn. expression.in.brain. placen.a, an. liver. In.SLC10A4-tran.fected CHO cells, immun.blottin. an.lysis an. immun.fluorescen.e stain.n. demon.trated a 49-kDa protein.that is expressed at the plasma membran. an. in.racellular compartmen.s. Fun.tion.l an.lysis of SLC10A4 showed n. sign.fican. taurocholate uptake in.the presen.e of sodium when.compared to un.ran.fected CHO cells. COn.LUSIOn. To date, we have shown.that this protein.has n. capacity to tran.port taurocholate relative to SLC10A1; however, given.its ubiquitous tissue distribution. it may play a more active role in.tran.portin. other en.ogen.us organ.c an.on..

关键词： SLC10A4 Bile acid tran.port Biliaryepithelium Taurocholate Plasma membran.