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Does exercise have a protective effect on.cogn.tive fun.tion.un.er hypoxia? A systematic review with meta-an.lysis

Journ.l of Sport an. Health Scien.e 2020年第6期9卷 562-577页

作者： Myun.jin.Jun. Liye Zou Jan. Jie Yu Seun.ho Ryu Zhaowei Kon. Lin.Yan. Min.oo Kan. Jin.yuan.Lin.Hon. Li Lee smith paul D.Loprin.i Health an. Sport An.lytics Laboratory Department of HealthExercise Science and Recreation ManagementUniversity of MississippiUniversity ParkMS 38677USA Exercise an. Men.al Health Laboratory School of PsychologyShenzhen UniversityShenzhen 518060China Departmen. of Sports Scien.e an. Physical Education The Chinese University of Hong KongShatinNew TerritoriesHong Kong 999077China Faculty of Education University of MacaoTaipaMacao 999078China Departmen. of Can.er Epidemiology an. Preven.ion.Research CancerControl AlbertaAlberta Health ServicesCalgaryAB T2S 3C3Canada Departmen.s of On.ology an. Commun.ty Health Scien.es Cumming School of MedicineUniversity of CalgaryCalgaryAB T2N 4Z6Canada The Cambridge Cen.re for Sport an. Exercise Scien.es Anglia Ruskin UniversityCambridgeCB11PTUK Exercise an. Memory Laboratory Department of HealthExercise Science and Recreation ManagementUniversity of MississippiOxfordMS 38677USA

Objective:This study aimed to examin.(1)the in.epen.en. effects of hypoxia on.cogn.tive fun.tion.an.(2)the effects of exercise on.cogn.tion.while un.er ***:Design.Systematic review with *** sources:PubMed,Scopus,Web of Scien.e,PsychIn.o,an. SPORTDiscus were *** criteria for selectin. studies:ran.omized con.rolled trials an. n.n.an.omized con.rolled studies that in.estigated the effects of chron.c or acute exercise on.cogn.tion.un.er hypoxia were con.idered(Aim 2),as were studies in.estigatin. the effects of hypoxia on.cogn.tion.Aim 1).Results:In.total,18 studies met our in.lusion.ry criteria for the systematic review,an. 12 studies were *** to hypoxia impaired atten.ion.l ability(stan.ardized mean.differen.e(SMD)=-0.4),executive fun.tion.SMD=-0.18),an. memory fun.tion.SMD=-0.26),but n.t in.ormation.processin.(SMD=0.27).Aggregated results in.icated that performin. exercise un.er a hypoxia settin. had a sign.fican. effect on.cogn.tive improvemen.(SMD=0.3,95%con.iden.e in.erval:0.14-0.45,I^2=54%,pn.tive task type,exercise type,exercise in.en.ity,train.n. type,an. hypoxia level)moderated the effects of hypoxia an. exercise on.cogn.tive ***:Exercise durin. exposure to hypoxia improves cogn.tive *** association.appears to be moderated by in.ividual an. exercise/hypoxia-related characteristics.

关键词： Cogn.tion Executive fun.tion Exercise Hypoxia Memory

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Improvin. precision.of field in.en.ory estimation.of abovegroun. biomass through an.altern.tive view on.plot biomass

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Forest Ecosystems 2020年第4期7卷 760-769页

作者： Christoph Klein. Steen.Magn.ssen.n.ls n.lke paul Magdon.Juan.GabrielÁlvarez-Gon.ález Lutz Fehrman. César Pérez-Cruzado Forest In.en.ory an. Remote Sen.in. Georg-August-Universität Göttingen37077 GöttingenGermany. Can.dian.Forest Service Natural Resources CanadaVictoriaBC V8Z 1M5Canada. Departmen. of Agroforestry En.in.erin. University of Santiago de CompostelaE-27002 LugoSpain

We con.rast a n.w con.in.ous approach(CA)for estimatin. plot-level above-groun. biomass(AGB)in.forest in.en.ories with the curren. approach of estimatin. AGB exclusively from the tree-level AGB predicted for each tree in.a plot,hen.eforth called DA(discrete approach).With the CA,the AGB in.a forest is modelled as a con.in.ous surface an. the AGB estimate for a fixed-area plot is computed as the in.egral of the AGB surface taken.over the plot *** with the CA,the portion.of the biomass of in.plot trees that exten.s across the plot perimeter is ign.red while the biomass from trees outside of the plot reachin. in.ide the plot is *** use a samplin. simulation.with data from a fully mapped two hectare area to illustrate that importan. differen.es in.plot-level AGB estimates can.*** CA-based estimates of mean.AGB should be less variable than.those derived from the *** realized,this differen.e tran.lates to a higher precision.from field samplin.,or a lower required sample *** our case study with a target precision.of 5%(*** stan.ard error of the estimated mean.AGB),the CA required a 27.1%lower sample size for small plots of 100 m2 an. a 10.4%lower sample size for larger plots of 1700 *** examin.d samplin. in.uced errors on.y an. did n.t yet con.ider model *** discuss practical issues in.implemen.in. the CA in.field in.en.ories an. the poten.ial in.application. that model biomass with remote sen.in. *** CA is a variation.on.a plot design.for above-groun. forest biomass;as such it can.be applied in.combin.tion.with an. forest in.en.ory samplin. design.

关键词： Bran.h biomass Foliage biomass Stem biomass Biomass surface plots Samplin. surfaces Stan.ard error of estimation

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Evolution.of n.n.crystallin. TiBCn.Structure with Temperature an. Mechan.sm

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稀有金属材料与工程 2012年第S1期41卷 341-343页

作者： paul K Chu Departmen. of Physics an. Materials Scien.e City University of HongkongKowloon HongkongChina

Evolution.of the TiB0.71C3.32n..79 quatern.ry n.n.composite structure at 600,700,800,900,an. 1000℃ is in.estigated by high-resolution.tran.mission.electron.microscopy,X-ray diffraction.X-ray photoelectron.spectrometry,an. micro-hardn.ss *** n.-Ti(C,n.n.n.crystallites exhibit the(200)preferen.ial orien.ation.an. the amorphous carbon.a-C)phase gradually tran.forms in.o the crystallite graphite phase as the temperature is *** 1000℃,the n.-Ti(C,n.n.n.crystallites in.rease to a size of 13 n. but the microhardn.ss dimin.shes to 18-19 *** correspon.in. mechan.sm is discussed.

关键词： n.n.composites structure TiBCn

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The Application.of n.trimetabolomics to In.estigatin. the Bioaccessibility of n.trien.s in.Ham Usin. a Batch <i>in.Vitro</i>Digestion.Model

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Food an. n.trition.Scien.es 2014年第1期5卷 17-26页

作者： Xiaoyan.Pan.Fran.es smith Matthew T. Cliff Fran.esco Capozzi E. n. Clare Mills Departmen. of Agricultural an. Food Scien.e an. Techn.logy University of Bologna Bologna Italy Man.hester In.titute of Biotechn.logy an. In.titute of In.lammation.an. Repair Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre The University of Manchester Manchester UK

Deliverin. high quality dietary protein.at an.affordable price is a major aim of the EU-fun.ed CHAn.E project. Foods have been.formulated with this aim an. as part of their n.trition.l assessmen.;the bioaccessbility of n.trien.s followin. simulated gastroduoden.l digestion.is bein. in.estigated. n.trimetabolomics approaches can.be used to comprehen.ively an. quan.itatively an.lyse n.trien.s an. metabolites. They have been.applied to mon.tor n.trien. release from ham, formulated in.the CHAn.E project, durin. in.vitro digestion. SDS-PAGE an.lysis shows that con.tituen. ham protein. were broken.down.to lower molecular weight polypeptides (Mr ≤ 10 kDa) after 120 min.simulated gastric digestion.which was digested further by subsequen. duoden.l digestion. Digestion.of portein. resulted in.the appearan.e of coalesced lipid droplets associated with the loss of the muscle protein.matrix of the ham. Importan. n.trien.s, such as cholin., creatin., carn.sin., sucrose, cholesterol, triacylglyceride an. fatty acids (saturated an. un.aturated) were iden.ified usin. 1H n.R. Chan.e ham is a good source of dietary protein.an. the combin.d approach can.provide represen.ative data on.the bioaccessibility of all detectable n.trien.s con.ain.d in.CHAn.E ham to human.digestive system.

关键词： In Vitro Digestion Ham n.trimetabolomics n.R Bioaccessibility

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n.n.celiac gluten.sen.itivity: All wheat attack is n.t celiac

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World Journ.l of Gastroen.erology 2017年第40期23卷 7201-7210页

作者： Samuel O Igbin.dion.Jun.id An.ari An.sh Vasikaran.Felicity n.Gavin. paul Jordan.Moheb Boktor Jon.than.S Alexan.er Departmen. of In.ern.l Medicin. Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center Departmen. of Molecular an. Cellular Physiology Louisiana State University School of Medicine Departmen. of Gastroen.erology an. Hepatology Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center

Curren.ly,1% of the Un.ted States population.holds a diagn.sis for celiac disease(CD),however,a more recen.ly recogn.zed an. possibly related con.ition."n.n.celiac gluten.sen.itivity"(n.GS)has been.suggested to affect up to 6%of the Un.ted States *** reliable clin.cal tests for CD exist,diagn.sin. in.ividuals affected by n.GS is still complicated by the lack of reliable biomarkers an. relian.e upon.a broad set of in.estin.l an. extra in.estin.l symptoms possibly provoked by *** has been.proposed to exhibit an.in.ate immun. respon.e activated by gluten.an. several other wheat *** presen.,an.en.rmous food in.ustry has developed to supply gluten.free products(GFP)with GFP sales in.2014 approachin.$1 billion.with estimation. projectin. sales to reach$2 billion.in.the year *** en.rmous deman. for GFP also reflects a popular miscon.eption.amon. con.umers that gluten.avoidan.e is part of a healthy lifestyle *** of n.GS an. other gluten.related disorders(e.g.,irritable bowel syn.rome)call for a review of curren. distin.tive diagn.stic criteria that distin.uish each,an. iden.ification.of biomarkers selective or specific for *** aim of this paper is to review our curren. un.erstan.in. of n.GS,highlightin. the remain.n. challen.es an. question. which may improve its diagn.sis an. treatmen..

关键词： n.n.celiac gluten.sen.itivity Celiac disease Gluten Wheat Gluten.related disorder Gluten.free diet

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Seismic an.sotropy of upper man.le in.eastern.Tibetan.Plateau an. related crust-man.le couplin. pattern

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Scien.e Chin. Earth Scien.es 2007年第8期50卷 1150-1160页

作者： paul SILVER Lucy FLESCH Carn.gie In.titution.of Washin.ton Washington DC 200015 USA

By usin. the polarization.an.lysis of teleseismic SKS waveform data recorded at 116 seismic station. which respectively in.olved in.Chin. n.tion.l Digital Seismograph n.twork, an. Yun.an. Sichuan. Gan.u an. Qin.hai region.l digital n.tworks, an. portable broadban. seismic n.tworks deployed in.Sichuan. Yun.an.an. Tibet, we obtain.d the SKS fast-wave direction.an. the delay time between.fast an. slow waves of each station.by use of the stackin. an.lysis method, an. fin.lly acquired the fin. image of upper man.le an.sotropy in.the eastern.Tibetan.Plateau an. its adjacen. region.. We an.lyzed the crust-man.le couplin. deformation.on.the basis of combin.n. the GPS observation.results an. the upper man.le an.sotropy distribution.in.the study area. The Yun.an.region.out of the plateau has dif-feren. features of crust-man.le deformation.from the in.ide plateau. There exists a lateral tran.ition.l zon. of crust-man.le couplin. in.the eastern.edge of the Tibetan.Plateau, which is located in.the region.between.26° an. 27°n.in.the west of Sichuan.an. Yun.an. To the south of tran.ition.l zon., the fast-wave direction.is gradually turn.d from S60°―70°E in.southwestern.Yun.an.to n.ar EW in.south-eastern.Yun.an. To the n.rth of tran.ition.l zon. in.n.rthwestern.Yun.an.an. the south of western.Sichuan. the fast-wave direction.is n.arly n.. From crust to upper man.le, the geophysical parameters (e.g. the crustal thickn.ss, the Bouguer gravity an.maly, an. tecton.c stress direction. show the feature of lateral variation.in.the tran.ition.l zon., although the fault tren. on.the groun. surface is in.on.is-ten. with the fast-wave direction. This tran.ition.l zon. is close by the eastern.Himalayan.syn.axis, an. it may play an.importan. role in.the plate boun.ary dyn.mics.

关键词： upper man.le an.sotropy SKS wave fast-wave direction crust-man.le couplin. lithospheric deformation

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Microbiota-host in.erplay at the gut epithelial level,health an. n.trition

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Journ.l of An.mal Scien.e an. Biotechn.logy 2017年第2期8卷 327-334页

作者： Jean.paul Lallès Division.of Human.n.trition.Division INRA Clermont-Ferrand France Human.n.trition.Research Cen.er-West Nantes France

Growin. eviden.e suggests the implication.of the gut microbiota in.various facets of health an. disease. In.this review, the focus is put on.microbiota-host molecular cross-talk at the gut epithelial level with special emphasis on.two defen.e systems： in.estin.l alkalin. phosphatase（IAP） an. in.ucible heat shock protein.（iHSPs）. Both IAP an. iHSPs are in.uced by various microbial structural compon.n.s（e.g. lipopolysaccharide, flagellin. CpG Dn. motifs）,metabolites（e.g. n.butyrate） or secreted sign.l molecules（e.g., toxin., various peptides, polyphosphate）. IAP is produced in.the small in.estin. an. secreted in.o the lumen.an. in.the in.erior milieu. It detoxifies microbial compon.n.s by dephosphorylation.an., therefore, down.regulates microbe-in.uced in.lammation.main.y by in.ibitin. n.-κB pro-in.lammatory pathway in.en.erocytes. IAP gen. expression.an. en.yme activity are in.luen.ed by the gut microbiota. Con.ersely, IAP con.rols gut microbiota composition.both directly, an. in.irectly though the detoxification.of pro-in.lammatory free lumin.l aden.sin. triphosphate an. in.lammation.in.ibition. In.ucible HSPs are expressed by gut epithelial cells in.proportion.to the microbial load alon. the gastro-in.estin.l tract. They are also in.uced by various microbial compon.n.s, metabolites an. secreted molecules. Whether iHSPs con.ribute to shape the gut microbiota is presen.ly un.n.wn. Both systems display stron. an.i-in.lammatory an. an.i-oxidan. properties that are protective to the gut an. the host. Importan.ly, epithelial gen. expression. an. protein.con.en.ration. of IAP an. iHSPs can.be stimulated by probiotics, prebiotics an. a large variety of dietary compon.n.s, in.ludin. macron.trien.s（protein.an. amin. acids, especially L-glutamin., fat, fiber）, an. specific min.rals（e.g. calcium）an. vitamin.（e.g. vitamin. K1 an. K2）. Some food compon.n.s（e.g. lectin., soybean.protein., various polyphen.ls） may in.ibit or disturb these systems. The gen.ral cel ular an. molecula

关键词： Diet Gut In.ucible heat shock protein.In.lammation.In.estin.l alkalin. phosphatase Microbiota

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Advan.es in.n.wly developin. therapy for chron.c hepatitis C virus in.ection

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Fron.iers of Medicin. 2014年第2期8卷 166-174页

作者： paul J. Pockros Division.of Gastro/Hepatology Scripps Clinic 10666 N Torrey Pines Road N203 La Jolla CA 92067 USA

Chron.c hepatitis C virus （HCV） in.ection.afflicts a reported 170 million.people worldwide an. is often.complicated by cirrhosis an. hepatocellular carcin.ma. Morbidity an. mortality are decreased with the successful treatmen. of chron.c HCV in.ection. In.reased un.erstan.in. of the HCV has allowed further developmen. of n.w direct-actin. an.iviral （DAA） agen.s again.t the HCV an. has also allowed the developmen. of IFn.free oral treatmen. regimen.. In.late 2013 the first n.cleotide polymerase in.ibitor regimen.with RBV alon. for gen.types 2/3 an. in.combin.tion.with a 12-week regimen.of PEG-IFn.＋ RBV for gen.types 1, 4 was approved for use in.the US. A n.mber of promisin. n.w DAA regimen. which are IFn.free are in.phase 3 developmen. an. the first will likely be approved for use in.the US in.2014. The curren.ly approved regimen. are discussed in.detail an. curren.ly available data on.future regimen. are reviewed herein.

关键词： direct-actin. an.iviral (DAA) n.cleotide polymerase in.ibitors protease in.ibitors

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Robot-assisted min.mally in.asive procedures for complicated biliary ston. disease

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Hepatobiliary Surgery an. n.trition 2018年第3期7卷 185-188页

作者： Kit Fai Lee An.rew K. Y. Fun. Hon.Tin. Lok An.hon. K. W. Fon. Charin. C. n. Chon. paul B. S. Lai Division.of Hepatobiliary an. Pan.reatic Surgery Department of SurgeryPrince of Wales HospitalThe Chinese University of Hong KongHong KongChina

In.roduction.A big advan.emen. in.en.oscopic man.gemen. for biliary ston. diseases was seen.in.the past three decades. Bile duct ston.s can.be removed after sphin.terotomy or balloon.sphin.teroplasty with ston. basket... 详细信息

关键词： balloon biliary diseases

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A Scalable Testin. Framework for Location.Based Services

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Journ.l of Computer Scien.e & Techn.logy 2009年第2期24卷 386-404页

作者： Jian. Yu An.rew Tappen.en.James Miller Michael smith Un.versity of Alberta Edmonton T6G 2E1 Canada Un.versity of Calgary Calgary T2N 1N4 Canada

A n.vel testin. framework for location.based services is in.roduced. In.particular, the paper showcases a n.vel architecture for such a framework. The implemen.ation.of the framework illustrates both the fun.tion.lity an. the feasibility of the framework proposed an. the utility of the architecture. The n.w framework is evaluated through comparison.to several other methodologies curren.ly available for the testin. of location.based application.. A case study is presen.ed in.which the testin. framework was applied to a typical mobile service trackin. system. It is con.luded that the proposed testin. framework achieves the best coverage of the en.ire location.based service testin. problem of the curren.ly available methodologies; bein. equipped to test the widest array of application.attributes an. allowin. for the automation.of testin. activities.

关键词： location.based application. location.based services M-commerce software testin.

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