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Update on the prevention of local recurrence and peritoneal metastases in patients with colorectal cancer

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2014年第28期20卷 9286-9291页

作者： paul H Sugarbaker Center for Gastrointestinal Malignancies Program in Peritoneal Surface OncologyMedStar Washington Hospital Center

The prevention of a disease process has always been superior to the treatment of the same disease throughout the history of medicine and surgery. Local recurrence and peritoneal metastases occur in approximately 8% of colon cancer patients and 25% of rectal cancer patients and should be prevented. Strategies to prevent colon or rectal cancer local recurrence and peritoneal metastases include cytoreductive surgery and hyperthermic perioperative chemotherapy (HIPEC). These strategies can be used at the time of primary colon or rectal cancer resection if the HIPEC is available. At institutions where HIPEC is not available with the treatment of primary malignancy, a proactive second-look surgery is recommended. Several phase II studies strongly support the proactive approach. If peritoneal metastases were treated along with the primary colon resection, 5-year survival was seen and these results were superior to the results of treatment after peritoneal metastases had developed as recurrence. Also, prophylactic HIPEC improved survival with T3/T4 mucinous or signet ring colon cancers. A second-look has been shown to be effective in two published manuscripts. Unpublished data from MedStar Washington Cancer Institute also produced favorable date. Rectal cancer with peritoneal metastases may not be so effectively treated. There are both credits and debits of this proactive approach. Selection factors should be reviewed by the multidisciplinary team for individualized management of patients with or at high risk for peritoneal metastases.

关键词： Peritoneal metastases Carcinomatosis Local recurrence Hyperthermic perioperative chemotherapy Secondary prevention Proactive treatment Mucinous colon cancer Signet ring colon cancer

Development of FBMINC model for particle diffusion in fluids

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International Journal of Sediment Research 2009年第4期24卷 439-454页

作者： paul S ADDISION CardioDigital Ltd Elvingston Science Centre

An accurate particle tracking method using FBMINC (new fractional Brownian motion) is outlined. It generates non-Fickian diffusion rather than Fickian diffusion as traditional particle tracking model does. The FBMINC model is based on fractional Brownian motion (fBm) which is generalization of regular Brownian motion. The two models of fBms (FBM model and FBMINC model) were explored and the differences of the two models are compared from the three aspects: the standard deviation of each step, the small memory and the effect of the number of particles in the cloud. The results show the FBMINC model is a better model as it produces more accurate statistics. The effect of simple shear dispersion for both Brownian and fBm was investigated. The power law scaling of fBm shear dispersion was correctly identified. In addition, a scaling coefficient was found numerically. The FBMINC model is then used for producing both superdiffusive and subdiffusive particle paths, therefore, the non-Fickian diffusion of soil particle clouds can be modelled. The particle clouds represent soil contaminant are released in an idealised coastal bay and the fBm particle tracking method is used for simulation the particle cloud spreading in the bay. There is a noticeable increase in the spreading rate of the cloud. In addition, owning to the spreading rate of the cloud, a noticeable part of it has escaped the bay area and transported downstream. The variation of the Hurst exponent can lead to an area of the flow being affected by a contaminant cloud which is not picked up by the regular Brownian motion models. The purpose of this paper is to bring soil transport engineers a new angle on soil particle transport research in fluids. Using FBMINC particle tracking model allows more flexibility in simulation of diffusion in soil contaminant spread in coastal bay or ocean surface.

关键词： Random walk Fractional Brownian motion Particle tracking Soil contaminant spread

A co-evolving memetic wrapper for prediction of patient outcomes in TCM informatics

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Frontiers of Computer Science 2012年第5期6卷 621-629页

作者： Dion DETTERER paul KWAN Cedric GONDRO School of Science and Technology University of New England Armidale NSW 2351 Australia The Centre for Genetic Analysis and Applications University of New England Armidale NSW 2351 Australia

Traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） relies on the combined effects of herbs within prescribed formulae. However, given the combinatorial explosion due to the vast number of herbs available for treatment, the study of these combined effects can become computationally intractable. Thus feature selection has become increasingly crucial as a pre-processing step prior to the study of combined effects in TCM informatics. In accord with this goal, a new feature se- lection algorithm known as a co-evolving memetic wrapper （COW） is proposed in this paper. COW takes advantage of recent research in genetic algorithms （GAs） and memetic al- gorithms （MAs） by evolving appropriate feature subsets for a given domain. Our empirical experiments have demonstrated that COW is capable of selecting subsets of herbs from a TCM insomnia dataset that shows signs of combined effects on the prediction of patient outcomes measured in terms of classification accuracy. We compare the proposed algorithm with results from statistical analysis including main effects and up to three way interaction terms and show that COW is capable of correctly identifying the herbs and herb by herb effects that are significantly associated to patient outcome prediction.

关键词： genetic algorithm memetic algorithm wrapper,feature selection traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) informatics

Dual-Core Photonic Crystal Fiber Plasmonic Refractive Index Sensor: A Numerical Analysis

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Photonic Sensors 2019年第2期9卷 151-161页

作者： Alok Kumar paul Ajay Krishno SARKAR Department of Electrical & Electronic Engineering Rajshahi University of Engineering & Technology Rajshahi-6204 Bangladesh

A numerical analysis on dual core photonic crystal fiber (DC-PCF) based surface plasmon resonance (SPR) refractive index sensor is presented. The guiding parameters and required sensing performances are examined with finite element method (FEM) based software under MATLAB environment. According to simulation, it is warranted that the proposed refractive index sensor offers the maximum amplitude sensitivity of 554.9 refractive index unit (RIU-1) and 636.5 RIU 1 with the maximum wavelength sensitivity of 5800nm/RIU and 11 500nm/RIU, and the sensor resolutions of 1.72 ×10^-5RIU and 8.7× 10^-6 RIU, at analyte refractive index (RI) of 1.40 for x- and y-polarized modes, respectively. As the sensing performance in different wavelength ranges is quite high, the proposed sensor can be used in simultaneous detection for different wavelength ranges. Therefore, the proposed device is of a suitable platform for detecting biological, chemical, biochemical, and organic chemical analytes.

关键词： Photonic crystal fiber biosensor refractive index sensor finite element method plasmonic material

Pathobiology of the neutrophil-intestinal epithelial cell interaction:Role in carcinogenesis

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2010年第46期16卷 5790-5800页

作者： paul M Hofman Laboratory of Clinical Experimental PathologyHuman BiobankUniversity of Nice Sophia Antipolis

The role of chronic inflammation,acting as an independent factor,on the onset of gastrointestinal carcinogenesis is now well ***,even if there is an increase in the number of elements directly involving polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNL),as a major actor in digestive carcinogenesis,the different cellular and molecular events occurring in this process are still not completely *** transepithelial migration of PMNL,which is the ultimate step of the afflux of PMNL into the digestive mucosa,is a complex phenomenon involving sequential interaction of molecules expressed both on PMNL and on digestive epithelial *** inflammatory areas rich in PMNL [so-called (chronic active inflammation)] and iterative transepithelial migration of PMNL certainly evoke intracellular signals,which lead toward progressive transformation of *** these different signals,the mutagenic effect of reactive oxygen species and nitrates,the activation of the nuclear factor-κB pathway,and the modulation of expression of certain microRNA are key *** the initiation of carcinogenesis,PMNL are involved in the progression and invasion of digestive carcinomas,with which they *** is noteworthy that different subpopulations of PMNL,which can have some opposite effects on tumor growth,in association with different levels of transforming growth factor-β and with the number of CD8 positive T lymphocytes,could be present during the development of digestive *** factors that involve PMNL,such as massive elastase release,and the production of angiogenic factors,can participate in the progression of neoplastic cells through *** may play a major role in the onset of metastases,since they allow the tumor cells to cross the endothelial barrier and to migrate into the blood ***,PMNL play a role,alone or in association with other cell parameters,in the initiation,promotion,progression and dissemination of digestive carcinomas.

关键词： Neutrophils Intestinal epithelial cells Carcinogenesis Cytokines Nuclear factor-κB pathway MicroRNA Reactive oxygen species

Tensor perturbations from bounce inflation scenario in f(Q)gravity

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Science China(Physics,Mechanics & Astronomy) 2024年第2期67卷 78-92页

作者： Kun Hu Tanmoy paul Taotao Qiu Institute of Astrophysics Central China Normal UniversityWuhan 430079China School of Physics Huazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan 430074China National Institute of Technology Jamshedpur Department of PhysicsJamshedpur 831014India

In this paper,we construct a bounce inflation cosmological scenario in the framework of the modified symmetric teleparallel gravity,namely f(Q)theory,and investigate the tensor perturbations *** is well-known,the tensor perturbations generated in the very early Universe(inflation and pre-inflation regions)can account for the primordial gravitational waves(PGWs)that are to be detected by the next generation of GW *** discuss the stability condition of the tensor perturbations in the bounce inflation process and investigate in detail the evolution of the perturbation *** general form of the tensor power spectrum is obtained both for large as well as small scale *** a result,we show both kinds of modes(short or long wavelength modes),and the tensor spectrum may get a positive tilt in the parametric range where the tensor perturbation proves to be stable—this interestingly hints an enhancement of gravitational waves’amplitude in the background of the f(Q)bounce-inflation ***,we study the LQC-like scenario as a specific case of our model,in which,the primordial tensor power spectrum turns out to be nearly scale-invariant on both small and large scales.

关键词： bounce cosmology modified gravity cosmological perturbations

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Chronic kidney disease and the skeleton

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Bone Research 2014年第4期2卷 205-217页

作者： paul D Miller Colorado Center for Bone Research LakewoodCO.USA

Fractures across the stages of chronic kidney disease （CKD） could be due to osteoporosis, some form of renal osteodystrophy defined by specific quantitative histomorphometry or chronic kidney disease-mineral and bone disorder （CKD-MBD）. CKD-MBD is a systemic disease that links disorders of mineral and bone metabolism due to CKD to either one or all of the following： abnormalities of calcium, phosphorus, parathyroid hormone or vitamin D metabolism; abnormalities in bone turnover, mineralization, volume, linear growth or strength; or vascular or other soft-tissue calcification. Osteoporosis, as defined by the National Institutes of Health, may coexist with renal osteodystrophy or CKD-MBD. Differentiation among these disorders is required to manage correctly the correct disorder to reduce the risk of fractures. While the World Health Organization （WHO） bone mineral density （BMD） criteria for osteoporosis can be used in patients with stages 1-3 CKD, the disorders of bone turnover become so aberrant by stages 4 and 5 CKD that neither the WHO criteria nor the occurrence of a fragility fracture can be used for the diagnosis of osteoporosis. The diagnosis of osteoporosis in stages 4 and 5 CKD is one of the exclusion--excluding either renal osteodystrophy or CKD- MBD as the cause of low BMD or fragility fractures. Differentiations among the disorders of renal osteodystrophy, CKD-MBD or osteoporosis are dependent on the measurement of specific biochemical markers, including serum parathyroid hormone （PTH） and/or quantitative bone histomorphometry. Management of fractures in stages 1-3 CKD does not differ in persons with or without CKD with osteoporosis assuming that there is no evidence for CKD-MBD, clinically suspected by elevated PTH, hyperphosphatemia or fibroblast growth factor 23 due to CKD. Treatment of fractures in persons with osteoporosis and stages 4 and 5 CKD is not evidence-based, with the exception of post-hoc analysis suggesting efficacy and safety of specific o

关键词： CKD GFR PTH MBD

Advantages of a Biomimetic Stiffness Profile in Pitching Flexible Fin Propulsion

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Journal of Bionic Engineering 2010年第2期7卷 113-119页

作者： paul Riggs Adrian Bowyer Julian Vincent Biomimetics Group Mechanical Engineering DepartmentUniversity of Bath

The use of oscillating flexible fins in propulsion has been the subject of several studies in recent years, but attention israrely paid to the specific role of stiffness profile in thrust *** profile is defined as the variation in localchordwise bending stiffness (EI) of a fin, from leading to trailing *** this study, flexible fins with a standard NACA0012shape were tested alongside fins with a stiffness profile mimicking that of a Pumpkinseed Sunfish (Lepomis gibbosus).The finswere oscillated with a pitching sinusoidal motion over a range of frequencies and amplitudes, while torque, lateral force andstatic thrust were *** the range of oscillation parameters tested, it was shown that the fin with a biomimetic stiffness profile offered a significantimprovement in static thrust, compared to a fin of similar dimensions with a standard NACA0012 aerofoil *** fin also produced thrust more consistently over each oscillation cycle.A comparison of fin materials of different stiffness showed that the improvement was due to the stiffness profile itself, andwas not simply an effect of altering the overall stiffness of the *** of the same stiffness profile were observed to follow thesame thrust-power curve, independent of the stiffness of the moulding *** fins were shown to produce up to26% greater thrust per watt of input power, within the experimental range.

关键词： biomimetic propulsion stiffness pitching flexible fin

An Efficient Approach for Simulation of Water Levels due to the Nonlinear Interaction of Tide and Surge Along the Coast of Bangladesh

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China Ocean Engineering 2020年第4期34卷 537-546页

作者： Gour Chandra paul Sukumar Senthilkumar Rana Pria Department of Mathematics University of RajshahiRajshahi-6205Bangladesh School of Mathematical Sciences Universiti Sains MalaysiaPulau Pinang-11800Malaysia Mathematics Discipline ScienceEngineering&Technology SchoolKhulna UniversityKhulna-9208.Bangladesh

The ultimate goal and highlight of this paper are to explore water levels along the coast of Bangladesh efficiently due to the nonlinear interaction of tide and surge by employing the method of lines(MOLs)with the aid of newly proposed RKAHeM(4,4)*** this regard,the spatial derivatives of shallow water equations(SWEs)were discretized by means of a finite difference method to obtain a system of ordinary differential equations(ODEs)of initial valued with time as an independent *** obtained system of ODEs was solved by the RKAHeM(4,4)***-way nested grid technique was exercised to incorporate coastal complexities closely with minimum computational cost.A stable tidal oscillation was produced over the region of interest by applying the most influential tidal constituent M2 along the southern open boundary of the outer *** newly developed model was applied to estimate water levels due to the non-linear interaction of tide and surge associated with the catastrophic cyclone April 1991 along the coast of *** approach employed in the study was found to perform well and ensure conformity with real-time observations.

关键词： method of lines RKAHeM(4 4)technique error estimation storm surge nested grid