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Catalytically altering the redox pathway of sulfur in propylene carbonate electrolyte using dual-nitrogen/oxygen-containing carbon

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Chinese Journal of Catalysis 2024年第8期63卷 224-233页

作者： linghui Yu Heng Zhang luyuan paul Wang Samuel Jun Hoong Ong Shibo Xi Bo Chen rui Guo Ting Wang Yonghua Du Wei Chen Ovadia lev Zhichuan J.Xu School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Wuhan Textile UniversityWuhan 430200HubeiChina School of Materials Science and Engineering Nanyang Technological UniversitySingapore 639798Singapore Hubei Key laboratory of Biomass Fibers&Eco-Dyeing&Finishing Wuhan Textile UniversityWuhan 430200HubeiChina Institute of Sustainability for Chemicals Energy and Environment(ISCE2)Agency for ScienceTechnology and Research in Singapore(A*STAR)1 Pesek RoadJurong Island 627833Singapore Department of Chemistry National University of SingaporeSingapore 117543Singapore College of the Environment&Ecology Xiamen UniversityXiamen 361102FujianChina National Synchrotron light Source II Brookhaven National LaboratoryUptonNY 11973USA The Institute of Chemistry The Hebrew University of JerusalemJerusalem 9190401Israel singapore-HUJ Alliance for research and Enterprise NEW-CREATE Phase IICampus for Research Excellence and Technological Enterprise(CREATE)Singapore138602Singapore Energy research Institute@NTU ERI@NInterdisciplinary Graduate SchoolNanyang Technological UniversitySingapore 639798Singapore

Carbonate electrolytes are one of the most desirable electrolytes for high-energy lithium-sulfur batteries(lSBs)because of their successful implementation in commercial li-ion *** low-polysulfide-solubility feature of some carbonate solvents also makes them very promising for overcoming the shuttle effects of ***,regular sulfur electrodes experience undesired electrochemical mechanisms in carbonate electrolytes due to side *** this study,we report a catalytic redox mechanism of sulfur in propylene carbonate(PC)electrolyte based on a compari-son *** catalytic mechanism is characterized by the interactions between polysulfides and dual N/O functional groups on the host carbon,which largely prevents side reactions between pol-ysulfides and the carbonate *** a mechanism coupled with the low-polysulfide-solubility feature leads to stable cycling of lSBs in PC *** dual N/O functional groups are identified via a density functional theory *** work provides an alternative route for enabling lSBs in carbonate electrolytes.

关键词： Energy storage lithium-sulfur battery Catalytic redox reaction Porous carbon Carbonate electrolyte

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Hypertriglyceridemia-induced pancreatitis: A case-based review

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2006年第44期12卷 7197-7202页

作者： S Ian Gan Alun l Edwards Christopher J Symonds paul l Beck Division of Gastroenterology and Endocrinology Foothills Hospital University of Calgary Calgary Alberta Canada

Hypertriglyceridemia is an established cause of pancreatitis. In a case-based approach, we present a review of hypertriglyceridemJa and how it can cause pancreatitis. We outline how to investigate and manage such patients. A 35 year old man presented to the emergency department with abdominal pain and biochemical evidence of acute pancreatitis. There was no history of alcohol consumption and biliary imaging was normal. The only relevant past medical history was that of mild hyperlipidemia, treated with diet alone. Physical exam revealed epigastric tenderness, right lateral rectus palsy, lipemia retinalis, bitemporal hemianopsia and a delay in the relaxation phase of his ankle reflexes. Subsequent laboratory investigation revealed marked hypertriglyceridemia and panhypopituarism. An enhanced CT scan of the head revealed a large suprasellar mass impinging on the optic chiasm and hypothalamus. The patient was treated supportively; thyroid replacement and lipid lowering agents were started. He underwent a successful resection of a craniopharyngioma. Postoperatively, the patient did well on hormone replacement therapy. He has had no further attacks of pancreatitis. This case highlights many of the factors involved in the regulation of triglyceride metabolism. We review the common causes of hypertriglyceridemia and the proposed mechanisms resulting in pancreatitis. The incidence and management of hypertriglyceridemiainduced pancreatitis are also discussed.

关键词： Hypertriglyceridemia Pancreatitis Hyperlipidemia

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Empowering youth sport environments: Implications for daily moderate-to-vigorous physical activity and adiposity

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Journal of Sport and Health Science 2017年第4期6卷 423-433页

作者： Sally A.M. Fenton Joan l. Duda paul r. Appleton Timothy G. Barrett School of Sport Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences University of Birmingham Edgbaston Birmingham B15 2TT UK School of Clinical and Experimental Medicine University of Birmingham Edgbaston Birmingham B15 2TT UK

Background: Evidence suggests involvement in youth sport does not guarantee daily guidelines for moderate-to-vigorous physical activity(MVPA) are met, and participation may not mitigate the risks associated with physical inactivity. The need to promote higher habitual MVPA engagement amongst children active in the youth sport context has therefore been underlined. Framed by self-determination theory, the aim of the present study was to examine the implications of the motivational climate created in youth sport, for children's daily engagement in MVPA and associated adiposity. Specifically, we sought to test a motivational sequence in which children's perceptions of an empowering coach-created motivational climate were related to autonomous and controlled motivation, which in turn predicted sport-related enjoyment. Finally, enjoyment was assumed to predict accelerometer assessed daily MVPA and, following this, ***: Male and female youth sport participants aged 9–16 years(n = 112) completed multi-section questionnaires assessing their perceptions of the motivational climate created in youth sport(i.e., autonomy supportive, task involving, socially supportive), autonomous and controlled motivation, and sport-related enjoyment. Daily MVPA engagement was determined via 7 days of accelerometry. Percent body fat(BF%) was estimated using bio-electrical impedance ***: Path analysis revealed perceptions of an empowering motivational climate positively predicted players' autonomous motivation, and in turn, sport-related enjoyment. Enjoyment was also significantly negatively related to players' BF%, via a positive association with daily ***: Fostering more empowering youth sport environments may hold implications for the prevention of excess adiposity, through encouraging higher habitual MVPA engagement. Findings may inform the optimal design of youth sport settings for MVPA promotion, and contribute towards associated healthy weight maint

关键词： Accelerometry Exercise psychology Moderate-to-vigorous physical activity Motivation Obesity Self-determination theory Youth sport

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Pediatric Nephrotic Syndrome in a Cameroonian Cohorte: The Beast to Slaughter

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Open Journal of Nephrology 2024年第3期14卷 386-396页

作者： Maimouna Mahamat Kalla Claude Diya rahinatou Epee Ngoue Jeannette Gamarko Sossal Ousmane Kaze Folefack François Koki Ndombo paul Olivier Department of Internal Medicine and Specialties Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences University of Yaound 1 Yaound Cameroon Haemodialysis Unit Yaound General Hospital Yaound Cameroon Department of Pediatrics Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences University of Yaound 1 Yaound Cameroon Hemodialysis Department University Teaching Hospital Yaound Cameroon Mother and Child Center of Chantal Biyas Foundation Yaound Cameroon

Background: Idiopathic nephrotic syndrome (INS) is a frequent pathology in children. There is little data on the future of NS in children in sub-Saharan Africa, particularly Cameroon. The aim of our study is to report the prognosis of children treated for nephrotic syndrome in the city of Yaoundé. Method: This was an analytical cross-sectional study with retrospective collection in 4 reference hospitals in the Cameroonian capital over a period of five years from January 1, 2018 to December 31, 2022. We included all medical records of patients treated for idiopathic INS. We excluded incomplete records and those with a history of chronic kidney disease. The sociodemographic, clinical, paraclinical, and therapeutic data, as well as the short-term evolution were collected in the files. Data was analysed using the software statistical package for social sciences version 25.0. Statistical significance was set at a p-value results: A total of 131 children (58% boys) were included in our study over a period of 5 years. The median age was 8 [6 - 11] years. Median proteinuria was 5 g/24h [3 - 8.4], median serum protein was 39 [34 - 46] g/l and median estimated glomerular filtration rate was 130.36 [68 - 174.6] ml/min/1.73m2. During steroid therapy, 45.07% were in partial remission at 2 months, 16.9% were in complete remission at 4 and 6 months, and 37.25% had relapsed. Steroid sensitivity was reported in 28.17% of cases, steroid resistance in 64.78% of cases and steroid dependent in 7.04% of cases. The mortality rate was 12.97%. Survival time averaged 48.2 months, with an overall crude survival rate of 99.2% at 3 and 6 months and 98.4% at 1 year. regarding renal survival, renal function was impaired in 8.33% of patients at 6 months and 9% at 12 months. Conclusion: Idiopathic nephrotic syndrome is a common disease in children. Its evolution depends on corticosteroid therapy. The long-term prognosis is dominated by the risk of progression to end-stage kidney disease or even dea

关键词： Idiopathic Nephrotic Syndrome Outcome Mortality End-Stage Kidney Disease Children Cameroon

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Effects of Papyrus Plants (Cyperus papyrus) on the Physicochemical Parameters and Nutrient levels of Water and Sediments in Yala Swamp Wetland in Western Kenya

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Journal of Biophysical Chemistry 2024年第1期15卷 1-23页

作者： Violet Achieng Orodo paul Otieno Abuom Emmanuel Amukohe Shikanga Elly Tetty Osewe Douglas Nyambane Anyona Fredrick Mhina Mngube Stephen Adongo Odongo Department of Environmental Studies Maseno University Kisumu Kenya Department of Chemistry Maseno University Kisumu Kenya Department of Physical and Biological Sciences Murang’a University of Technology Murang’a Kenya Wetlands International Dar es Salaam Tanzania Department of Physical Sciences Jaramogi Oginga Odinga University of Science and Technology Bondo Kenya

Yala swamp wetland is the largest fresh water wetland ecosystem in Kenya supporting a broad biodiversity. It comprises of river Yala, the Yala swamp, lakes Kanyaboli, Namboyo and Sare, and a portion of lake Victoria neighboring the swamp. Approximately 2300 ha of land have been reclaimed and has been used for large-scale agriculture resulting in mass destruction of papyrus to create room for framing. Papyrus are known to be important in phytoremediation but despite this role information is limited, lacks supportive evidence and the empirical aspect on the levels of these pollutants in relation to the papyrus biomass is limited. The study is aimed at determining the effects of Cyperus papyrus on the water and sediment quality in Yala Swamp wetland. Six sampling sites were purposefully selected to monitor the variations of the physicochemical parameters (temperature, dissolved oxygen: DO, pH, biological oxygen demand: BOD, total suspended solids: TSS, turbidity, electrical conductivity: EC and total dissolved solids: TSS) and the levels selected nutrients (phosphorus and nitrates) in water and sediments as river Yala flows through Dominion Farms, lake Sare which surrounded by Cyperus papyrus and finally into lake Victoria. The samples were collected in triplicates during the wet and dry seasons (May and September 2015 respectively). The physicochemical parameters were measured in situ using a Hydrolab muiltimeter while the nutrients were analyzed using UV/Vis spectroscopy. Statistical analysis was done using SAS V9.0 software. The mean temperature was 26.19˚C ± 0.71˚C, DO: 3.72 ± 1.02 Mg/l, BOD: 3.9 ± 0.32 Mg/l, pH: 7.52 ± 0.17, TDS: 109 ± 86.33, EC: 173.26 ± 13.8 μS/cm, TSS: 12.42 ± 18.51 Mg/l and Turbidity: 12.29 ± 10.03 NTU. The values varied significantly at P 0.05 among all the sites. The results show that papyrus is useful in maintaining the required levels of physicochemical parameters. The study will assist in conservation of the papyrus to help phytoremediate

关键词： Adsorbing Contaminants Phytoremediation Conservation Cyperus papyrus

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raman microscopy mapping for the purity assessment of chirality enriched carbon nanotube networks in thin- film transistors

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Nano research 2015年第7期8卷 2179-2187页

作者： Zhao li Jianfu Ding paul Finnie Jacques lefebvre Fuyong Cheng ChristopherT. Kingston Patrick r. l. Malenfant Security and Disruptive Technologies Portfolio National Research Council Canada 1200 Montreal Road Ottawa Ontario K1A OR6 Canada

With recent improvements in carbon nanotube separation methods, the accurate determination of residual metallic carbon nanotubes in a purified nanotube sample is important, particularly for those interested in using semiconducting single-walled carbon nanotubes （SWCNTs） in electronic device applications such as thin-film transistors （TFTs）. This work demonstrates that raman microscopy mapping is a powerful characterization tool for quantifying residual metallic carbon nanotubes present in highly enriched semiconducting nanotube networks. raman mapping correlates well with absorption spectroscopy, yet it provides greater differentiation in purity. Electrical data from TFTs with channel lengths of 2.5 and 5μ m demonstrate the utility of the method. By comparing samples with nominal purities of 99.0% and 99.8%, a clear differentiation can be made when evaluating the current on/off ratio as a function of channel length, and thus the raman mapping method provides a means to guide device fabrication by correlating SWCNT network density and purity with TFT channel scaling.

关键词： raman spectroscopy carbon nanotubes thin film transistors microscopy mapping purity assessment

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When multi-functional landscape meets Critical Zone science:advancing multi-disciplinary research for sustainable human well-being

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National Science review 2019年第2期6卷 349-358页

作者： Ying luo Yihe lü Bojie Fu paul Harris lianhai Wu Alexis Comber State Key laboratory of Urban and regional Ecology Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Joint Center for Global Change Studies rothamsted research North Wyke School of Geography University of Leeds

Environmental degradation has become one of the major obstacles to sustainable development and human well-being internationally. Scientific efforts are being made to understand the mechanism of environmental degradation and sustainability. Critical Zone(CZ) science and research on the multi-functional landscape are emerging fields in Earth science that can contribute to such scientific efforts. This paper reviews the progress, similarities and current status of these two scientific research fields, and identifies a number of opportunities for their synergistic integration through functional and multi-functional approaches,process-based monitoring, mechanistic analyses and dynamic modeling, global long-term and networked monitoring and systematic modeling supported by scaling and deep coupling. These approaches proposed in this paper have the potential to support sustainable human well-being by strengthening a functional orientation that consolidates multi-functional landscape research and CZ science. This is a key challenge for sustainable development and human well-being in the twenty-first century.

关键词： multi-functional landscapes Critical Zone ecosystem services sustainable development human well-being

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realizing optimal hydrogen evolution reaction properties via tuning phosphorous and transition metal interactions

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Green Energy & Environment 2020年第4期5卷 506-512页

作者： Haishun Jiang Siyu Zhao Wenyao li Tobias P.Neville Isil Akpinar paul r.Shearing Dan J.l.Brett Guanjie He School of Materials Engineering Shanghai University of Engineering ScienceShanghai201620China Electrochemical Innovation lab Department of Chemical EngineeringUniversity College LondonLondonWC1E 7JEUnited Kingdom School of Chemistry University of LincolnJoseph Banks LaboratoriesGreen LaneLincolnLN67DLUnited Kingdom Faculty of Engineering Environmental EngineeringAksaray UniversityAksaray68100Turkey

Hydrogen is one of the most attractive renewables for future energy application,therefore it is vital to develop cost-effective and highlyefficient electrocatalysts for the hydrogen evolution reaction(HEr)to promote the generation of hydrogen from mild *** this work,Co–Mo phosphide nanosheets with the adjustable ratio of Co and Mo were fabricated on carbon cloth by a facile hydrothermal-annealing *** to the unique nanostructures,abundant active surfaces and small resistance were *** electrocatalytic performances are obtained,such as the small overpotential of^67.3 mV to realize a current density of 10 mA cm^(-2) and a Tafel slope of 69.9 mV dec^(-1).rapid recovery of the current response under multistep chronoamperometry is realized and excellent stability retained after the CV test for 2000 *** change of electronic states of different elements was carefully studied which suggested the optimal electrochemical performance can be realized by tuning phosphorous and metal interactions.

关键词： Co-Mo Phosphide Nanosheets Hydrogen evolution reaction Metal-phosphorous interactions

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On the origin of X-shaped radio galaxies

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research in Astronomy and Astrophysics 2012年第2期12卷 127-146页

作者： Gopal-Krishna Peter l.Biermann lszló .Gergely paul J.Wiita National Centre for radio Astrophysics TIFRPune University Campus Max Planck Institute for radioastronomy Department of Physics & Astronomy University of Bonn Department of Physics & Astronomy University of Alabama Department of Physics University of Alabama at Huntsville KIT-Karlsruhe Institute for Technology Institute for Experimental Nuclear Physics Department of Theoretical Physics University of Szeged Department of Experimental Physics University of Szeged Department of Physics The College of New Jersey

After a brief, critical review of the leading explanations proposed for the small but important subset of radio galaxies showing an X-shaped morphology （XrGs） we propose a generalized model, based on the jet-shell interaction and spin- flip hypotheses. The most popular scenarios for this intriguing phenomenon invoke either hydrodynamical backflows and over-pressured cocoons or rapid jet reorienta- tions, presumably from the spin-flips of central engines following the mergers of pairs of galaxies, each of which contains a supermassive black hole. We confront these models with a number of key observations, and thus argue that none of the models is capable of explaining the entire range of the salient observational properties of XrGs, although some of the arguments raised in the literature against the spin-flip scenario are probably not tenable. We then propose a new scenario which also involves galac- tic mergers but would allow the spin of the central engine to maintain its direction. Motivated by detailed multi-band observations of the nearest radio galaxy, Centaurus A, this new model emphasizes the role of the interactions between the jets and the shells of stars and gas that form and rotate around the merged galaxy and can cause temporary deflections of the jets, occasionally giving rise to an X-shaped radio struc- ture. Although each model is likely to be relevant to a subset of XrGs, the bulk of the evidence indicates that most of them are best explained by the jet-shell interaction or spin-flip hypotheses.

关键词： galaxies: active - galaxies: jets - gravitational waves - ISM - radiocontinuum: galaxies

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Assessing Soil Properties and landforms in the Mai-Negus Catchment, Northern Ethiopia

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Pedosphere 2016年第5期26卷 745-759页

作者： Gebreyesus Brhane TESFAHUNEGN lulseged TAMENE paul l.G.VlEK College of Agriculture Aksum University-Shire Campus Center for Development research (ZEF) University of Bonn International Center for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT) Chitedze Agricultural Research Station

Soil degradation is a serious environmental problem in Ethiopia. However, little information is documented on indicators such as variations in soil properties across different landforms in a catchment. This study was aimed to assess soil properties and their changes across sites with different erosion statuses, and identify landscape positions that require prior management attention in the Mai-Negus catchment, northern Ethiopia. Three types of erosion-status sites(stable, eroding and aggrading) were identified using reconnaissance surveys, and then the corresponding soil samples were collected and analyzed. The major soil properties were significantly varied(P ≤ 0.05) among the three erosion-status sites. The highest soil p H, organic carbon, total nitrogen, cation exchange capacity, iron and zinc were recorded from the aggrading sites in the reservoir and valley landforms of the study catchment. A higher bulk density was generally recorded in the eroding sites, whereas a lower value was observed in the aggrading sites. The highest sand content was observed in the eroding sites of the mountain followed by the central ridge landform. The paired mean difference and the correlation matrix of most soil properties between the different erosion statuses also showed significant differences. About 95% of the erosionstatus sites were correctly classified by the discriminant function, indicating that the field survey-based classification was acceptable for decision making. On the basis of this study, suitable interventions should thus be introduced to the prioritized landforms, which are the mountain and central ridge, and eroding sites with severely degraded soil properties across the catchment.

关键词： aggrading site discriminant function eroding site erosion status landscape soil property variability stable site

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