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3D computational modeling and perceptual analysis of kinetic depth effects

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Computational Visual Media 2020年第3期6卷 265-277页

作者： Meng-Yao Cui Shao-Ping lu Miao Wang Yong-liang Yang Yu-Kun lai paul l.r.sin TKlNDST CSNankai UniversityTianjinChina State Key laboratory of Virtual reality Technology and Systems Beihang UniversityBeijingChina Department of Computer Science University of BathUK School of Computer Science and Informatics Cardiff UniversityWalesUK

Humans have the ability to perceive kinetic depth effects, i.e., to perceived 3 D shapes from 2 D projections of rotating 3 D objects. This process is based on a variety of visual cues such as lighting and shading effects. However, when such cues are weak or missing, perception can become faulty, as demonstrated by the famous silhouette illusion example of the spinning dancer. Inspired by this, we establish objective and subjective evaluation models of rotated3 D objects by taking their projected 2 D images as input. We investigate five different cues: ambient luminance, shading, rotation speed, perspective, and color difference between the objects and *** the objective evaluation model, we first apply3 D reconstruction algorithms to obtain an objective reconstruction quality metric, and then use quadratic stepwise regression analysis to determine weights of depth cues to represent the reconstruction quality. In the subjective evaluation model, we use a comprehensive user study to reveal correlations with reaction time and accuracy, rotation speed, and perspective. The two evaluation models are generally consistent, and potentially of benefit to inter-disciplinary research into visual perception and 3 D reconstruction.

关键词： rotation spinning rotating

Immunological treatment of liver tumors

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2005年第42期11卷 6571-6576页

作者： Maurizio Chiriva-Internati Fabio Grizzi Cynthia A Jumper Everardo Cobos paul l Hermonat Eldo E Frezza Department of Microbiology and Immunology Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center and Southwest Cancer Treatment and research Center Lubbock TX 79430 United States Scientific Direction Istituto Clinico Humanitas 20089 Rozzanoand Foundation "M.Rodriguez" - Institute for Quantitative Measures in Medicine 20100 Milan Italy Department of Internal Medicine Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center and Southwest Cancer Treatment and research Center Lubbock TX 79430 United States Department of Internal Medicine University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences Little Rock Arkansas 72205 United States Department of Surgery Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center and Southwest Cancer Treatment and research Center Lubbock TX 79430 United States

Although multiple options for the treatment of liver tumors have often been described in the past, including liver resection, radiofrequency ablation with or without hepatic pump insertion, laparoscopic liver resection and the use of chemotherapy, the potential of immunotherapy and gene manipulation is still largely *** therapy by gene manipulation is based on the interaction between virus-based gene delivery systems and dendritic cells. Using viruses as vectors, it is possible to transduce dendritic cells with genes encoding tumor-associated antigens, thus inducing strong humoral and cellular immunity against the antigens *** chemotherapy and radiation therapy have the disadvantage of destroying healthy cells, thus causing severe side-effects. We need more precisely targeted therapies capable of killing cancer cells while sparing healthy cells. Our goal is to establish a new treatment for solid liver tumors based on the concept of cytoreduction,and propose an innovative algorithm.

关键词： liver Tumors Surgery Dendritic cell Cytoreduction Immunotherapy Gene manipulation

Carbon pool trends and dynamics within a subtropical peatland during long-term restoration

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Ecological Processes 2017年第1期6卷 449-462页

作者： paul Julian II Stefan Gerber Alan l.Wright Binhe Gu Todd Z.Osborne University of Florida Soil and Water Sciences DepartmentFt.PierceFL 34945USA. University of Florida Soil and Water Sciences DepartmentGainesvilleFL 32611USA. South Florida Water Management District Water Quality BureauWest Palm BeachFL 33406USA. University of Florida Whitney Laboratory for Marine BioscienceSt AugustineFL 32080USA.

Introduction:The Florida Everglades has undergone significant ecological change spanning the continuum of disturbance to *** the restoration effort is not complete and the ecosystem continues to experience short duration perturbations,a better understanding of long-term C dynamics of the Everglades is needed to facilitate new restoration *** study evaluated temporal trends of different aquatic carbon(C)pools of the northern Everglades Protection Area over a 20-year period to gauge historic C cycling *** inorganic C(DIC),dissolved organic C(DOC),particulate organic C(POC),and surface water carbon dioxide(pCO2(aq))were investigated between May 1,1994 and April 30,***:Annual mean concentrations of DIC,DOC,POC,and pCO2(aq)significantly decreased through time or remained constant across the Water Conservation Areas(WCAs).Overall,the magnitude of the different C pools in the water column significantly differed between *** of CO2 was dynamic across the Everglades ranging from 420 to 2001 kg CO2 year−***,the historic trend in CO2 flux from the marsh declined across our study area while pCO2(aq)largely remained somewhat constant with the exception of Water Conservation Area 2 which experienced significant declines in pCO2(aq).Particulate OC concentrations were consistent between WCAs,but a significantly decreasing trend in annual POC concentrations was ***:Hydrologic condition and nutrient inputs significantly influenced the balance,speciation,and flux of C pools across WCAs suggesting a subsidy-stress response in C dynamics relative to landscape scale responses in nutrient *** interplay between nutrient inputs and hydrologic condition exert a driving force on the balance between DIC and DOC production via the metabolism of organic matter which forms the base of the aquatic food *** the restoration trajectory as water quality and hydrology continues to improve,it is expect

关键词： Inorganic carbon Organic carbon Carbon dioxide Particulate carbon Hydrology Nutrients

Advanced oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma: Pathogenesis, treatment, and novel therapeutic approaches

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World Journal of Clinical Oncology 2016年第1期7卷 15-26页

作者： paul l Swiecicki Kelly M Malloy Francis P Worden Division of Hematology/Oncology Department of Internal Medicine University of Michigan Comprehensive Cancer Center Department of Otolaryngology University of Michigan Health System University of Michigan Comprehensive Cancer Center

Oropharyngeal cancer accounts for approximately 2.8% of newly cancer cases. Although classically a tobacco related disease, most cases today are related to infection with human papilloma virus(HPV) and present with locally advanced tumors. HPV related tumors have been recognized as a molecularly distinct entity with higher response rates to therapy, lower rates of relapse, and improved overall survival. Treatment of oropharyngeal cancer entails a multi-disciplinary approach with concomitant chemoradiation. The role of induction chemotherapy in locally advanced tumors continues to be controversial however large studies have demonstrated no difference in survival or time to treatment failure. Surgical approaches may be employed with low volume oropharyngeal cancers and with development new endoscopic tools, more tumors are able to be resected via an endoscopic approach. Given advances in the understanding of HPV related oropharyngeal cancer, ongoing research is looking at ways to minimize toxicities via de-intensification of therapy. Unfortunately, some patients develop recurrent or metastatic disease. Novel therapeutics are currently being investigated for this patient population including immunotherapeutics. This review discusses the current understanding of the pathogenesis of oropharyngeal cancer and treatment. We also discuss emerging areas of research as it pertains to de-intensification as well novel therapeutics for the management of metastatic disease.

关键词： Oropharyngeal cancer Human papilloma virus Transoral robotic surgery Immunotherapy Metastatic head and neck squamous cell carcinoma

Early evolution of life cycles in embryophytes: A focus on the fossil evidence of gametophyte/sporophyte size and morphological complexity

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Journal of Systematics and Evolution 2011年第1期49卷 1-16页

作者： Philippe GErrIENNE paul GONEZ Palobotanique Palopalynologie et Micropalontologie Unit Department of Geology University of Liege

Embryophytes (land plants) are distinguished from their green algal ancestors by diplobiontic life cycles, that is, alternation of multicellular gametophytic and sporophytic generations. The bryophyte sporophyte is small and matrotrophic on the dominant gametophyte; extant vascular plants have an independent, dominant sporophyte and a reduced gametophyte. The elaboration of the diplobiontic life cycle in embryophytes has been thoroughly discussed within the context of the Antithetic and the Homologous Theories. The Antithetic Theory proposes a green algal ancestor with a gametophyte-dominant haplobiontic life cycle. The Homologous Theory suggests a green algal ancestor with alternation of isomorphic generations. The shifts that led from haplobiontic to diplobiontic life cycles and from gametophytic to sporophytic dominance are most probably related with terrestrial habitats. Cladistic studies strongly support the Antithetic Theory in repeatedly identifying charophycean green algae as the closest relatives of land plants. In recent years, exceptionally well-preserved axial gametophytes have been described from the rhynie chert (lower Devonian, 410 Ma), and the complete life cycle of several rhynie chert plants has been reconstructed. All show an alternation of more or less isomorphic generations, which is currently accepted as the plesiomorphic condition among all early polysporangiophytes, including basal tracheophytes. Here we review the existing evidence for early embryophyte gametophytes. We also discuss some recently discovered plants preserved as compression fossils and interpreted as gametophytes. All the fossil evidence supports the Antithetic Theory and indicates that the gametophytic generation/sporophytic generation size and complexity ratios show a gradual decrease along the land plant phylogenetic tree.

关键词： Devonian early land plants embryophyte gametophyte life cycle sporophyte.

The AlMA-QUArKS Survey.Ⅱ.The ACA 1.3 mm Continuum Source Catalog and the Assembly of Dense Gas in Massive Star-Forming Clumps

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research in Astronomy and Astrophysics 2024年第6期24卷 119-139页

作者：许峰玮 Ke Wang Tie liu lei Zhu Guido Garay Xunchuan liu paul Goldsmith Qizhou Zhang Patricio Sanhueza Shengli Qin Jinhua He Mika Juvela Anandmayee Tej Hongli liu Shanghuo li Kaho Morii Siju Zhang Jianwen Zhou Amelia Stutz Neal JEvans Kee-Tae Kim Shengyuan liu Diego Mardones Guangxing li leonardo Bronfman Ken’ichi Tatematsu Chang Won lee Xing lu Xiaofeng Mai Sihan Jiao James O.Chibueze Keyun Su Viktor l.Tóth Kavli Institute for Astronomy and Astrophysics Peking UniversityBeijing 100871China Department of Astronomy School of PhysicsPeking UniversityBeijing 100871China Shanghai Astronomical Observatory Chinese Academy of SciencesShanghai 200030China Chinese Academy of Sciences South America Center for Astronomy National Astronomical ObservatoriesChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China Departamento de Astronomía Universidad de ChileLas Condes7591245 SantiagoChile Jet Propulsion laboratory California Institute of Technology4800 Oak Grove DrivePasadena CA 91109USA Center for Astrophysics|Harvard&Smithsonian 60 Garden StreetCambridgeMA 02138USA National Astronomical Observatory of Japan National Institutes of Natural Sciences2-21-1 OsawaMitakaTokyo 181-8588Japan Astronomical Science Program The Graduate University for Advanced StudiesSOKENDAI2-21-1 OsawaMitakaTokyo 181-8588Japan School of Physics and Astronomy Yunnan UniversityKunming 650091China Yunnan Observatories Chinese Academy of SciencesKunming 650216China Department of Physics University of HelsinkiPO Box 64FI-00014 HelsinkiFinland Indian Institute of Space Science and Technology Thiruvananthapuram 695547KeralaIndia Max Planck Institute for Astronomy Königstuhl 17D-69117 HeidelbergGermany Department of Astronomy Graduate School of ScienceThe University of Tokyo7-3-1 HongoBunkyo-kuTokyo 113-0033Japan Max-Planck-Institut für radioastronomie Auf dem Hügel 6953121 BonnGermany Departamento de AstronomÂıa Universidad de ConcepcionCasilla 160-CConcepci onChile Department of Astronomy The University of Texas at AustinTexas 78712-1205USA Korea Astronomy and Space Science Institute 776 Daedeokdae-roYuseong-guDaejeon 34055Republic of Korea Institute of Astronomy and Astrophysics Academia SinicaRoosevelt RoadTaipei 10617TaiwanChina South-Western Institute for Astronomy research Yunnan UniversityKunming 650091China Korea Astronomy and Space Science Institute 776 Daedeok-daeroYuseong-guDaejeon 34055Republic of

leveraging the high resolution,sensitivity,and wide frequency coverage of the Atacama large Millimeter/submillimeter Array(AlMA),the QUArKS survey,standing for“Querying Underlying mechanisms of massive star formation with AlMA-resolved gas Kinematics and Structures”,is observing 139 massive starforming clumps at AlMA Band 6(λ~1.3 mm).This paper introduces the Atacama Compact Array(ACA)7 m data of the QUArKS survey,describing the ACA observations and data *** multiwavelength data,we provide the first edition of QUArKS atlas,offering insights into the multiscale and multiphase interstellar medium in high-mass star *** ACA 1.3 mm catalog includes 207 continuum sources that are called ACA *** gas kinetic temperatures are estimated using three formaldehyde transitions with a non-lTE radiation transfer model,and the mass and density are derived from a dust emission *** ACA sources are massive(16–84 percentile values of 6–160 M_(⊙)),gravity-dominated(M∝r^(1.1))fragments within massive clumps,with supersonic turbulence(M>1)and embedded star-forming *** find a linear correlation between the masses of the fragments and the massive clumps,with a ratio of 6%between the *** considering fragments as representative of dense gas,the ratio indicates a dense gas fraction(DGF)of 6%,although with a wide scatter ranging from 1%to 10%.If we consider the QUArKS massive clumps to be what is observed at various scales,then the size-independent DGF indicates a self-similar fragmentation or collapsing mode in protocluster *** the ACA data over four orders of magnitude of luminosity-to-mass ratio(l/M),we find that the DGF increases significantly with l/M,which indicates clump evolutionary *** observed a limited fragmentation at the subclump scale,which can be explained by a dynamic global collapse process.

关键词： stars:formation ISM:kinematics and dynamics ISM:clouds stars:protostars

All roads lead to Susceptibility: The Many Modes of Action of Fungal and Oomycete Intracellular Effectors

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Plant Communications 2020年第4期1卷 1-12页

作者： Qin He Hazel Mclellan Petra C.Boevink paul r.J.Birch Key laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology(HZAU) Ministry of EducationKey Laboratory of Potato Biology and Biotechnology(HZAU)Ministry of Agriculture and Rural AffairsHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanHubei 430070China Division of Plant Sciences School of Life SciencesUniversity of Dundee(at JHI)InvergowrieDundee DD25DAUK Cell and Molecular Sciences James Hutton InstituteInvergowrieDundee DD25DAUK These authors contributed equally to this article.

The ability to secrete effector proteins that can enter plant cells and manipulate host processes is a key determinant of what makes a successful plant ***,we review intracellular effectors from filamentous(fungal and oomycete)phytopathogens and the host proteins and processes that are targeted to promote *** cover contrasting virulence strategies and effector modes of *** pathogen effectors alter the fates of host proteins that they target,changing their stability,their activity,their location,and the protein partners with which they *** effectors inhibit target activity,whereas others enhance or utilize it,and some target multiple host *** discuss the emerging topic of effectors that target negative regulators of immunity or other plant proteins with activities that support *** also highlight the commonly targeted host proteins that are manipulated by effectors from multiple pathogens,including those representing different kingdoms of life.

关键词： effectors fungi oomycete immunity defense susceptibility factor

A gene expression estimator of intramuscular fat percentage for use in both cattle and sheep

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2014年第4期5卷 379-390页

作者： Bing Guo Kritaya Kongsuwan paul l Greenwood Guanghong Zhou Wangang Zhang Brian P Dalrymple Key laboratory of Meat Processing and Quality Control Synergetic Innovation Center of Food Safety and NutritionCollege of Food Science and TechnologyNanjing Agriculture University CSIrO Animal Food and Health SciencesSt.Lucia QLD 4067Australia National Institute of Animal Health 50/2 KasetklangLadyaoBangkok 10900Thailand CSIrO Animal Food and Health SciencesArmidale NSW 2350Australia NSW Department of primary Industries Armidale NSW 2350Australia

Background：The expression of genes encoding proteins involved in triacyglyceride and fatty acid synthesis and storage in cattle muscle are correlated with intramuscular fat（IMF）%.Are the same genes also correlated with IMF%in sheep muscle,and can the same set of genes be used to estimate IMF%in both species？results：The correlation between gene expression（microarray） and IMF%in the longissimus muscle（lM） of twenty sheep was *** integrated analysis of this dataset with an equivalent cattle correlation dataset and a cattle differential expression dataset was undertaken.A total of 30 genes were identified to be strongly correlated with IMF%in both cattle and *** overlap of genes was highly significant,8 of the 13 genes in the TAG gene set and 8 of the 13 genes in the FA gene set were in the top 100 and 500 genes respertively most correlated with IMF%in sheep,P-value = *** the 30 genes,CIDEA,THrSP,ACSM1,DGAT2 and FABP4 had the highest average rank in both *** the data from two small groups of Brahman cattle（control and Hormone growth promotant-treated[known to decrease IMF%in muscle]） and 22 animals in total,the utility of a direct measure and different estimators of IMF%（ultrasound and gene expression） to differentiate between the two groups were *** measured IMF%and IMF%estimated from ultrasound scanning could not discriminate between the two ***,using gene expression to estimate IMF%discriminated between the two *** the number of genes used to estimate IMF%from one to five significantly increased the discrimination power;but increasing the number of genes to 15 resulted in little further ***：We have demonstrated the utility of a comparative approach to identify robust estimators of IMF%in the lM in cattle and *** have also demonstrated a number of approaches（potentially applicable to much smaller groups of animals than conventional methods） to using gene expression to rank animal

关键词： Cattle Gene expression phenotype IMF% Sheep

BING: Binarized normed gradients for objectness estimation at 300fps

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Computational Visual Media 2019年第1期5卷 3-20页

作者： Ming-Ming Cheng Yun liu Wen-Yan lin Ziming Zhang paul l.r.sin Philip H.S.Torr CCS Nankai University Institute for Infocomm research MErl Cambridge Cardiff University University of Oxford

Training a generic objectness measure to produce object proposals has recently become of significant interest. We observe that generic objects with well-defined closed boundaries can be detected by looking at the norm of gradients, with a suitable resizing of their corresponding image windows to a small fixed size. Based on this observation and computational reasons, we propose to resize the window to 8 × 8 and use the norm of the gradients as a simple 64 D feature to describe it, for explicitly training a generic objectness measure. We further show how the binarized version of this feature, namely binarized normed gradients(BING), can be used for efficient objectness estimation, which requires only a few atomic operations(e.g., add, bitwise shift, etc.). To improve localization quality of the proposals while maintaining efficiency, we propose a novel fast segmentation method and demonstrate its effectiveness for improving BING's localization performance, when used in multithresholding straddling expansion(MTSE) postprocessing. On the challenging PASCAl VOC2007 dataset, using 1000 proposals per image and intersectionover-union threshold of 0.5, our proposal method achieves a 95.6% object detection rate and 78.6% mean average best overlap in less than 0.005 second per image.

关键词： object proposals objectness visual attention category agnostic proposals