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A phylogenetic census of global diversity of gut anaerobic fungiand a new taxonomic framework

Fungal diversity 2018年第2期89卷 253-266页

作者： Shyam Sundar paul dengpan Bu Jianchu Xu Kevin d.Hyde Zhongtang Yu department of Animal Sciences The Ohio State University2029 Fyffe CourtColumbusOH 43210USA ICAR-Central Institute for Research on Buffaloes Sirsa RoadHisarHaryana 125001India State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Institute of Animal ScienceChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijing 100193China CAAS-ICRAF Joint Lab on Agroforestry and Sustainable Animal Husbandry World Agroforestry CentreEast and Central AsiaBeijing 100193China Hunan Co-Innovation Center of Animal Production Safety CICAPSChangsha 410128China Kunming Institute of Botany Chinese Academy of SciencesKunming 650201China Center of Excellence in Fungal diversity Mae Fah Luang UniversityChiang Rai 57100Thailand

Obligate anaerobic fungi of the phylum Neocallimastigomycota play a key role in digesting fibrous feeds in the gut ofherbivores, but little is known about their global diversity. In this study, the collective diversity of gut anaerobic fungi wasexamined using all curated internal transcribed spacer 1 (ITS1) sequences of anaerobic gut fungi available in *** 262,770 quality-checked fungal ITS1 sequences downloaded from GenBank were assigned to 274 operational taxonomic units (OTUs) at the approximate species level. Of these approximate species-equivalent (Sp-eq) OTUs, 119 wererepresented by at least five ITS1 sequences, with 38 containing known species and 81 containing no known species. Basedon a rarefaction analysis, the currently available ITS1 sequences represent nearly all the major species of gut anaerobicfungi, but much more sequencing effort is needed to assess the actual richness of minor OTUs. One dataset of ITS1reference sequences (referred to as AF-RefSeq) and one comprehensive taxonomic framework are also presented, and theyare shown to be suitable for taxonomic classification of most of the ITS1 sequences in GenBank. The results of the presentstudy may help guide future studies involving taxonomic and phylogenetic analysis of ITS1 sequences of anaerobic fungiand targeted isolation and characterization of new anaerobic fungi.

关键词： Anaerobic fungi Global diversity ITS1 sequences Rumen Taxonomic framework

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Geochemistry,Petrogenesis and Alteration of Rare-Metal-Bearing Granitoids and Mineralized Silexite of the Al-Ghurayyah Stock,Arabian Shield,Saudi Arabia

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Journal of Earth Science 2023年第5期34卷 1488-1510页

作者： Hisham A.Gahlan Mokhles K.Azer paul d.Asimow Mansour H.Al-Hashim department of Geology and Geophysics College of ScienceKing Saud UniversityRiyadh 11451Saudi Arabia Geological Sciences department National Research CentreCairoEgypt division of Geological&Planetary Sciences California Institute of TechnologyPasadena CA 91125USA

New data are presented for the rare-metal bearing A-type granitoids of the AlGhurayyah stock in the northwestern segment of the Arabian Shield, a composite pluton intruding metamorphosed volcano-sedimentary successions of the Silasia Formation. Metals in the granitoids are variably enriched, with up to 1 990 μg/g Zn, 7 680 μg/g Zr, 2 316 μg/g Nb, 232 μg/g Ta, 485 μg/g Hf, 670 μg/g Th, 137 μg/g U and 1 647 μg/g total rare earth elements(REE). The silexite is highly mineralized and yields higher maximum concentrations of several metals than the granitoids, including up to 1 860 μg/g Y, 9 400 μg/g Zr, 878 μg/g Hf, 1 000 μg/g Th, and 2 029 μg/g total REE. The Al-Ghurayyah stock has been assigned to an intraplate setting. Lithospheric delamination led to generation of mantle melts that supplied heat to melt the juvenile crust of the ANS. The fluorine and rare-metal enriched parental magma evolved by fractional crystallization. The quartz-rich silexite, distinct in character from ordinary hydrothermal vein quartz, is inferred to be co-genetic with the granitoids on the basis of their similar REE patterns;it is interpreted as a small volume of residual magma enriched in SiO2, volatiles, and trace metals. Mineralization took place both at the magmatic stage and later during a hydrothermal stage that concentrated these elements to economic grades.

关键词： Arabian Shield Al-Ghurayyah rare metals silexite peralkaline granite hydrothermal metasomatism

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Electrochemical characterization of MnO_2 as electrocatalytic energy material for fuel cell electrode

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燃料化学学报 2015年第3期43卷 344-351页

作者： Subir paul Asmita Ghosh department of Metallurgical and Material Engineering Jadavpur University

development of inexpensive non Pt based high electrocatalytic energy materials is the need of the hour for fuel cell electrode to produce clean alternative green energy from synthesized bio alcohol using biomass. MnO 2,electro synthesized at different current density is found to be well performed electrocatalytic material,comparable to Pt,with higher current density,very lowovervoltage for the electrochemical oxidation of methanol. From EIS study,the polarization resistance of the coated MnO 2is found to be much lowand electrical double layer capacitance is high,the effect increases with increase in current density of electro deposition. XRd,EdX and AAS analysis confirm the M nO 2deposition. The morphology of SEM images exhibits an enhanced 3d effective substrate area,for electro oxidation of the fuel. A fewnano structured grains of the deposited M nO 2is also observed at higher current density. The fact supports that a high energetic inexpensive electro catalytic material has been found for fuel cell electrode to synthesis renewable energy from methanol fuel.

关键词： electro catalytic energy material fuel cell impedance polarization electro coating

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Understanding the catalysis of chromium trioxide added magnesium hydride for hydrogen storage and Li ion battery applications

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Journal of Magnesium and Alloys 2024年第3期12卷 1117-1130页

作者： d.Pukazhselvan IhsanÇaha Catarina de Lemos Sergey M.Mikhalev Francis Leonard deepak duncan paul Fagg department of Mechanical Engineering TEMA-Centre for Mechanical Technology and AutomationUniversity of AveiroAveiro 3810-193Portugal LASI-Intelligent Systems Associate Laboratory Guimarães 4800-058Portugal Nanostructured Materials Group International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory(INL)Avenida Mestre Jose VeigaBraga 4715-330Portugal

This study explores how the chemical interaction between magnesium hydride(MgH_(2))and the additive CrO_(3) influences the hydrogen/lithium storage characteristics of MgH_(2).We have observed that a 5 wt.%CrO_(3) additive reduces the dehydrogenation activation energy of MgH_(2) by 68 kJ/mol and lowers the required dehydrogenation temperature by 80℃.CrO_(3) added MgH_(2) was also tested as an anode in an Li ion battery,and it is possible to deliver over 90%of the total theoretical capacity(2038 mAh/g).Evidence for improved reversibility in the battery reaction is found only after the incorporation of additives with MgH_(2).In depth characterization study by X-ray diffraction(XRd)technique provides convincing evidence that the CrO_(3) additive interacts with MgH_(2) and produces Cr/MgO *** free energy analyses confirm the thermodynamic feasibility of conversion from MgH_(2)/CrO_(3) to MgO/Cr,which is well supported by the identification of Cr(0)in the powder by X ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS)*** high resolution transmission electron microscopy(HRTEM)and energy dispersive spectroscopy(EdS)we found evidence for the presence of 5 nm size Cr nanocrystals on the surface of MgO rock salt *** is also convincing ground to consider that MgO rock salt accommodates Cr in the *** observations support the argument that creation of active metal–metal dissolved rock salt oxide interface may be vital for improving the reactivity of MgH_(2),both for the improved storage of hydrogen and lithium.

关键词： Hydrogen storage Rechargeable batteries Binary hydrides Metal oxides Catalytic mechanism.

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Electric-field driven stability control of skyrmions in an ultrathin transition-metal film

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npj Computational Materials 2022年第1期8卷 992-1000页

作者： Souvik paul Stefan Heinze Peter Grünberg Institut and Institute for Advanced Simulation Forschungszentrum Jülich and JARA52425JülichGermany Institute of Theoretical Physics and Astrophysics Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu KielLeibnizstrasse 1524098KielGermany

To realize future spintronic applications with magnetic skyrmions—topologically nontrivial swirling spin structures—it is essential to achieve efficient writing and deleting capabilities of these ***-field assisted nucleation and annihilation is a promising route,however,the understanding of the underlying microscopic mechanisms is still ***,we show how the stability of individual magnetic skyrmions in an ultrathin transition-metal film can be controlled via external electric *** demonstrate based on density functional theory that it is important to consider the changes of all interactions with electric field,i.e.,the pair-wise exchange,the dzyaloshinskii–Moriya interaction,the magnetocrystalline anisotropy energy,and the higher-order exchange *** energy barriers for electric-field assisted skyrmion writing and deleting obtained via atomistic spin simulations vary by up to a factor of three more than the variations of the interactions calculated from *** surprising effect originates from the electric-field dependent size of metastable skyrmions at a fixed magnetic *** large changes in lifetimes allow the possibility of electric-field assisted thermally activated writing and deleting of skyrmions.

关键词： field stability film

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On the origin of the high tensile strength and ductility of additively manufactured 316L stainless steel: Multiscale investigation

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Journal of Materials Science & Technology 2020年第6期41卷 209-218页

作者： Bassem Barkia Pascal Aubry paul Haghi-Ashtiani Thierry Auger Lionel Gosmain Frédéric Schuster Hicham Maskrot dEN-Service d’Etudes Analytiques et de Réactivitédes Surfaces CEAUniversitéParis-Saclay91191France Laboratoire de Mécanique des Sols Structures et MatériauxCentralesupélecUMR CNRS 8579UniversitéParis-Saclay92295France Arts et Métiers ParisTech PIMMUMR CNRS 800675013 ParisFrance CEA Cross-Cutting Program on Materials and Processes Skills 91191Gif-sur-YvetteFrance

We report that 316L austenitic stainless steel fabricated by direct laser deposition(dLd),an additive manufacturing(AM)process,have a higher yield strength than that of conventional 316L while keeping high *** interestingly,no clear anisotropy in tensile properties was observed between the building and the scanning direction of the 3d printed *** examination of the as-built parts shows a heterogeneous solidification cellular *** electron microscopy observations coupled with Energy dispersive X-ray Spectrometry(EdS)reveal the presence of chemical micro-segregation correlated with high dislocation density at cell boundaries as well as the in-situ formation of well-dispersed oxides and transition-metal-rich *** hierarchical heterogeneous microstructure in the AM parts induces excellent strength of the 316L stainless steel while the low staking fault energy of the as-built 316L promotes the occurrence of abundant deformation twinning,in the origin of the high ductility of the AM *** additional post-process treatments,the AM 316L proves that it can be used as a structural material or component for repair in mechanical construction.

关键词： Additive manufacturing Austenitic stainless steel dislocation structure Twinning Mechanical behavior Anisotropy

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Miscibility of Two Components in a Binary Mixture of 9-Phenyl Anthracene Mixed with Stearic Acid or Polymethyl Methacrylate at Air-Water Interface

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Chinese Physics Letters 2007年第5期24卷 1331-1334页

作者： P. K. paul Md. N. Islam d. Bhattacharjee S. A. Hussain department of Physics Tripura University Suryamaninagar-799130 Tripura India

We report the miscibility characteristics of two components in a binary mixture of 9-phenyl anthracene （PA） mixed with stearic acid （SA） or polymethyl methacrylate （PMMA）. The behaviour of surface pressure versus area per molecule isotherms reveal that the area per molecule decreases systematically with increasing molefractions of PA. The characteristics of areas per molecule versus molefractions and collapse pressure vs molefraction indicate that various interactions involved among the sample and matrix molecules. The interaction scheme is found to change with the change in surface pressure and molefraction of mixing. Scanning electron microscopic study confirms the aggregation of PA molecules in the mixed films.

关键词： LANGMUIR-BLOdGETT-FILMS SPECTROSCOPIC CHARACTERIZATIONS MOLECULES SYSTEMS

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Geochemistry and Petrogenesis of Late Ediacaran Rare-metal Albite Granites of the Arabian-Nubian Shield

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Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 2021年第2期95卷 459-480页

作者： Bassam A.ABUAMARAH Mokhles K.AZER paul d.ASIMOW Habes GHREFAT Heba S.MUBARAK department of Geology and Geophysics King Saud UniversityRiyadh 11451Saudi Arabia Geological Sciences department National Research CentreDokkiCairo 12622Egypt division of Geological&Planetwy Sciences California Institute of TechnologyPasadena CA 91125USA

The Abu dabbab albite granite(AdAG),in the central Eastern desert of Egypt,hosts the most significant rare metal ore deposit in the northern part of the Neoproterozoic Arabian-Nubian ***,we report detailed field,petrographic,mineralogical and geochemical investigation of the AdAG,an isolated stock-like granitic body with sharp intrusive contacts against metamorphic country rocks,probably emplaced at about 600 *** fine-grained porphyritic upper unit is a preserved remnant of the shallowly-emplaced apex of the magma chamber,whereas the medium-grained lower unit crystallized at deeper levels under subvolcanic *** peraluminous leucocratic AdAG shares common geochemical characteristics with post-collisional intraplate A-type *** addition to the conspicuous enrichment in Na2O,the AdAG is remarkable for its anomalous concentrations of Ta,Nb,Li,Hf,Ga,Sn,Zn and heavy rare-earth ***-Ta minerals in the AdAG are mixed with Fe-Mn oxides,forming black patches that increase in abundance toward of the base of the ***-tantalite,cassiterite and wolframite are the most important ore *** negative Eu anomalies(Eu/Eu*=0.10–0.24)reflect extreme magmatic fractionation and perhaps the effects of late fluid-rock *** AdAG was most likely generated by partial melting of the juvenile middle crust of the ANS as the geotherm was elevated by erosional uplift following lithospheric delamination and it was emplaced at the intersection of lineations of structural *** formation of the AdAG and its primary enrichment in rare metals are essentially due to magmatic processes,late-stage metasomatism caused limited redistribution of rare ***-driven subsolidus modification was limited to the apex of the magma chamber and drove development of greisen,amazonite,and quartz veins along fracture systems.

关键词： amazonite greisen rare-metal bearing granite stockscheider pegmatite tetrad effect post-collisional Arabian-Nubian Shield

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Chilli anthracnose disease caused by Colletotrichum species

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Journal of Zhejiang University-Science B(Biomedicine & Biotechnology) 2008年第10期9卷 764-778页

作者： Po Po THAN Haryudian PRIHASTUTI Sitthisack PHOULIVONG paul W.J.TAYLOR Kevin d.HYdE International Fungal Research and development Centre the Research Institute of Resources InsectChinese Academy of ForestryKunming 650224ChinaBioMarkaSchool of Agriculture and Food SystemsUniversity of MelbourneVictoria 3010Australia Fungal Research Group School of ScienceMae Fah Luang UniversityTasudChiang Rai 57100ThailandDepartment of BiotechnologyFaculty of AgricultureBrawijaya UniversityMalang 65145Indonesia Fungal Research Group School of ScienceMae Fah Luang UniversityTasudChiang Rai 57100ThailandMushroom Research Centre128 Moo 3 T. Pa PaeA. Mae TaengChiang Mai 50150Thailand6Department of Plant ScienceFaculty of AgricultureNational University of LaosVientianeLao PDR BioMarka School of Agriculture and Food SystemsUniversity of MelbourneVictoria 3010Australia International Fungal Research and development Centre the Research Institute of Resources InsectChinese Academy of ForestryKunming 650224ChinaFungal Research GroupSchool of ScienceMae Fah Luang UniversityTasudChiang Rai 57100Thailand

Anthracnose disease is one of the major economic constraints to chilli production worldwide, especially in tropical and subtropical regions. Accurate taxonomic information is necessary for effective disease control management. In the Colletotrichum patho-system, different Colletotrichum species can be associated with anthracnose of the same host. Little information is known concerning the interactions of the species associated with the chilli anthracnose although several Colletotrichum species have been reported as causal agents of chilli anthracnose disease worldwide. The ambiguous taxonomic status of Colletotrichum species has resulted in inaccurate identification which may cause practical problems in plant breeding and disease management. Although the management and control of anthracnose disease are still being extensively researched, commercial cultivars of Capsicum annuum that are resistant to the pathogens that cause chilli anthracnose have not yet been developed. This paper reviews the causal agents of chilli anthracnose, the disease cycle, conventional methods in identification of the pathogen and molecular approaches that have been used for the identification of Colletotrichum species. Pathogenetic variation and population structure of the causal agents of chilli anthracnose along with the current taxonomic status of Colletotrichum species are discussed. Future developments leading to the disease management strategies are suggested.

关键词： Capsicum annuum disease management Identification Taxonomy Pathogenicity

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Immunostimulation in the era of the metagenome

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Cellular & Molecular Immunology 2011年第3期8卷 213-225页

作者： Amy d Proal paul J Albert Greg P Blaney Inge A Lindseth Chris Benediktsson Trevor G Marshall Murdoch University PerthWAAustralia Weill Cornell Medical College New YorkNYUSA Stillpoint Centre VancouverBCCanada 4M-Klinikken OsloNorway Autoimmunity Research Foundation Thousand OaksCAUSA

Microbes are increasingly being implicated in autoimmune *** calls for a re-evaluation of how these chronic inflammatory illnesses are routinely *** standard of care for autoimmune disease remains the use of medications that slow the immune response,while treatments aimed at eradicating microbes seek the exact opposite-stimulation of the innate immune *** is complicated by a cascade of sequelae,including exacerbated inflammation,which occurs in response to microbial *** the past 8 years,we have collaborated with American and international clinical professionals to research a model-based treatment for inflammatory *** intervention,designed to stimulate the innate immune response,has required a reevaluation of disease progression and *** is the inherent conflict between palliation and microbicidal *** microbicidal activity was experienced as immunopathology-a temporary worsening of *** studies are needed,but they will require careful planning to manage this immunopathology.

关键词： antimicrobial peptides autoimmune disease immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome immunopathology innate immunity metagenomics

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