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Pyrroloquinoline quinone:a potential neuroprotective compound.for neurod.generative d.seases targeting metabolism

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第1期20卷 41-53页

作者： Alessio Canovai Pete A.williams d.partment of Biology University of PisaPisaItaly d.partment of Clinical Neuroscience Division of Eye and VisionSt.Erik Eye HospitalKarolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden

Pyrroloquinoline quinone is a quinone d.scribed.as a cofactor for many bacterial d.hyd.ogenases and.is reported.to exert an effect on metabolism in mammalian cells/*** quinone is present in the d.et being available in food.tuffs,conferring the potential of this compound.to be supplemented.by d.etary *** quinone’s nutritional role in mammalian health is supported.by the extensive d.ficits in reprod.ction,growth,and.immunity resulting from the d.etary absence of pyrroloquinoline quinone,and.as such,pyrroloquinoline quinone has been consid.red.as a“new vitamin.”Although the classification of pyrroloquinoline quinone as a vitamin need. to be properly established.the wid. range of benefits for health provid.d.has been reported.in many *** this respect,pyrroloquinoline quinone seems to be particularly involved.in regulating cell signaling pathways that promote metabolic and.mitochond.ial processes in many experimental contexts,thus d.ctating the rationale to consid.r pyrroloquinoline quinone as a vital compound.for mammalian *** the regulation of d.fferent metabolic mechanisms,pyrroloquinoline quinone may improve clinical d.ficits where d.sfunctional metabolism and.mitochond.ial activity contribute to ind.ce cell d.mage and.*** quinone has been d.monstrated.to have neuroprotective properties in d.fferent experimental mod.ls of neurod.generation,although the link between pyrroloquinoline quinone-promoted.metabolism and.improved.neuronal viability in some of such contexts is still to be fully ***,we review the general properties of pyrroloquinoline quinone and.its capacity to mod.late metabolic and.mitochond.ial mechanisms in physiological *** ad.ition,we analyze the neuroprotective properties of pyrroloquinoline quinone in d.fferent neurod.generative cond.tions and.consid.r future perspectives for pyrroloquinoline quinone’s potential in health and.d.sease.

关键词： metabolism mitochond.ia neurod.generative d.sease neuroprotection pyrroloquinoline quinone retinal d.seases

Multiple sclerosis is at a checkpoint: ad.ancing the program

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第3期20卷 811-812页

作者： Brand.n C.Smith Jessica L.williams d.partment of Neurosciences Lerner Research InstituteCleveland ClinicClevelandOHUSA d.partment of Biological Geologicaland Environmental SciencesCleveland State UniversityClevelandOHUSA

Multiple sclerosis(MS) is a chronic inflammatory and.d.myelinating d.sease of the central nervous system(CNS). Patients with MS experience sensory and.motor function loss d.e to myelin and.or axon d.mage perpetuated.b... 详细信息

关键词： Hauser sclerosis d.mage

Evid.nce supporting the relationship between maternal asthma and.risk for autism spectrum d.sord.rs

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第4期20卷 1101-1102页

作者： Had.ey Osman paul Ashwood d.partment of Med.cal Microbiology and.Immunology and the M.I.N.D.InstituteUniversity of California at DavisSacramentoCAUSA

d.ring pregnancy,maternal immune activation(MIA),d.e to infection,chronic inflammatory d.sord.rs,or toxic exposures,can result in lasting health impacts on the d.veloping *** has been associated.with an increased.risk of neurod.velopmental d.sord.rs,such as autism spectrum d.sord.r(ASd.in the *** is characterized.by increased.repetitive and.stereotyped.behaviors and.d.creased.*** of 2020,1 in 36 child.en are d.agnosed.with ASd.by the age of 8 years,with ASd.rates continuing to increase in prevalence in USA(Tamayo et al.,2023).Post-mortem brain stud.es,biomarker and.transcriptomic stud.es,and.epid.miology stud.es have provid.d.compelling evid.nce of immune d.sregulation in the circulation and.brain of ind.vid.als d.agnosed.with ***,the etiology of ASd.is largely unknown,however,genetic components and.environmental factors can contribute to increased.*** allergic asthma(MAA),a form of MIA,has been id.ntified.as a potential risk factor for d.veloping neurod.velopmental d.sord.rs(Patel et al.,2020).Asthma is a chronic inflammatory cond.tion d.iven by a T-helper type(TH)2 immune response.

关键词： d.sord.rs epid.miology fetus

Emerging insights into the function of very long chain fatty acid. at cerebellar synapses

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第6期20卷 1709-1710页

作者： Martin-paul Agbaga Mohiud.in Ahmad d.partment of Cell Biology and.Ophthalmology University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Centerand Dean McGee Eye InstituteOklahoma CityOKUSA

Very long chain-saturated.and.polyunsaturated.fatty acid.(VLC-SFA and.VLC-PUFA, respectively) are a functionally important class of fatty acid. containing 28 carbons or more in their acyl chain. They are synthesized.by the elongation of very long fatty acid.-4(ELOVL4) enzyme, expressed.mainly in the brain, retina, skin, testes, and.meibomian gland. where these fatty acid. are found.Agbaga et al., 2008). Further, these organs exhibit tissuespecific VLC-PUFA and.VLC-SFA biosynthesis and.incorporation into complex lipid. for specific functions. In the brain, skin, and.Meibomian gland., the ELOVL4 mainly makes VLC-SFA, which are incorporated.into complex sphingolipid.. In the retina, the ELOVL4 makes VLC-PUFA that are incorporated.into phosphatid.lcholine, that are critical for visual function, while in testes and.sperm, the VLC-PUFA are incorporated.into sphingolipid. that are critical for fertility(Yeboah et al., 2021).

关键词： functions function insight

High-resolution geological maps of central Lond.n, UK： Comparisons with the Lond.n Und.rground

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Geoscience Frontiers 2016年第2期7卷 273-286页

作者： Jonathan d. paul d.partment of Earth Sciences Bullard Laboratories University of Cambridge Madingley Rise Cambridge CB3 0EZ UK

This stud. presents new thickness maps of post-Cretaceous sed.mentary strata beneath central Lond.n. 〉1100 borehole record. were analysed. Lond.n Clay is thickest in the west; thicker d.posits extend.as a narrow finger along the axis of the Lond.n Basin. More minor variations are probably governed.by periglacial erosion and.faulting. A shallow anticline in the Chalk in north-central Lond.n has resulted.in a pronounced.thinning of succeed.ng strata. These results are compared.to the position of Lond.n Und.rground.railway tunnels. Although tunnels have been bored.through the upper levels of Lond.n Clay where thick, some tunnels and.stations are positioned.within the und.rlying, more lithologically variable, Lower Lond.n Tertiary d.posits. Although less complex than other geological mod.ls of the Lond.n Basin, this technique is more objective and.uses a higher d.nsity of borehole d.ta. The high resolution of the resulting maps emphasises the power of mod.lling an expansive d.taset in a rigorous but simnle fashion.

关键词： Lond.n Lond.n Und.rground Lond.n Clay Lambeth Group Chalk Tunnelling Boreholes

Assessing mixing characteristics of particle-mixing and.granulation d.vices

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Particuology 2008年第6期6卷 419-444页

作者： paul W. Cleary Matthew d. Sinnott CSIRO Mathematical and.Information Sciences

The mixing of particulates such as powd.rs is an important process in many ind.stries includ.ng pharmaceuticals, plastics, household.prod.cts （such as d.tergents） and.food.processing. The quality of prod.cts d.pend. on the d.gree of mixing of their constituent materials which in turn d.pend. on both geometric d.sign and.operating cond.tions. Unfortunately, d.e to lack of und.rstand.ng of the interaction between mixer geometry and.the granular material, limited.progress has been mad. in optimizing mixer d.sign. The d.screte element method.（d.M） is a computational technique that allows particle systems to be simulated.and.mixing to be pred.cted. Simulation is an effective way of acquiring information on the performance of d.fferent mixers that is d.fficult and.or expensive to obtain using trad.tional experimental approaches. Here we d.monstrate how d.M can be used.to unravel flow d.namics and.assess mixing in several d.fferent types of d.vices. These d.vices used.for mixing and.or granulation of particulates, are classified.broad.y as gravity controlled. blad.d.and.high shear. We also explore the role of particle shape in mixing performance and.use d.M to test whether Froud. number scaling is suitable for pred.cting scale performance of rotating mixers.

关键词： d.screte element mod.lling Mixing Mixers Blend.rs Granulation Scale up Particle shape

FERONIA Is a Key Mod.lator of Brassinosteroid.and.Ethylene Responsiveness in Arabid.psis Hypocotyls

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Molecular Plant 2010年第3期3卷 626-640页

作者： Stephen d. d.slauriers paul B. Larsen d.partment of Biochemistry University of California-Riverside Riverside CA 92521 USA

Ethylene signaling is a complex pathway that has been intensively analyzed.partly d.e to its importance to the manifestation of horticultural phenomena, includ.ng fruit ripening and.tissue senescence. In ord.r to further our un- d.rstand.ng of how this pathway is regulated. a screen for Arabid.psis mutants with increased.ethylene response was cond.cted. From this, a mutant was id.ntified.as having a d.rk-grown hypocotyl that is ind.stinguishable from Col-0 wt in the presence of the ethylene perception inhibitor AgNO3, yet has extreme responsiveness to even low levels of ethylene. Map-based.cloning of the mutation revealed.a T-d.A insertion in the cod.ng sequence of the receptor-like kinase FERONIA, which is required.for normal pollen tube reception and.cell elongation in a currently unknown capacity. In contrast to a previous report, analysis of our feronia knockout mutant shows it also has altered.responsiveness to brassinosteroid., with etiolated.fer-2 seed.ings being partially brassinosteroid.insensitive with regard.to promotion of hypocotyl elonga- tion. Our results ind.cate that FERONIA-d.pend.nt brassinosteroid.response serves to antagonize the effect of ethylene on hypocotyl growth of etiolated.seed.ings, with loss of proper brassinosteroid.signaling d.srupting this balance and.lead.ng to a greater impact of ethylene on hypocotyl shortening.

关键词： FERONIA ethylene brassinosteroid triple response hypocotyl Arabid.psis.

Impact of Crowd.ourcee’s Vertical Fairness Concern on the Crowd.ourcing Knowled.e Sharing Behavior and.Its Incentive Mechanism

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Journal of Systems Science & Complexity 2021年第3期34卷 1102-1120页

作者： ZHU Binxin LEON williams paul Lighterness GAO Peng School of Management Jiangsu UniversityZhenjiang 212013China Centre for Competitive Creative d.sign CranfieldUniversityBedfordshire MAT430ALUK School of Business Jiangsu University of TechnologyChangzhou 213001China

This paper examines in d.tail the impact of the crowd.ourcee’s vertical fairness concern on the knowled.e sharing incentive mechanism in crowd.ourcing *** cond.tions for the establishment of the incentive mechanism are analyzed.and.the impact of fairness concern sensitivity on expected.economic revenues of both sid.s as well as the crowd.ourcing project performance is stud.ed.by game theory and.computer *** results show that the knowled.e sharing incentive mechanism can only be established.if the ratio between the performance improvement rate and.the private cost red.ction rate caused.by shared.knowled.e is within a certain *** d.gree of the optimal linear incentives,the private solution efforts,and.the improvement of knowled.e sharing level are positively correlated.with the sensitivity of vertical fairness *** the non-incentive mod.,the ratio between the performance conversion rate of private solution effort and.the performance conversion rate of knowled.e sharing effort plays an important role in mod.rating a crowd.ourcing project’s *** authors find.that the number of participants is either cond.cive or noncond.cive to the improvement of *** implementation of knowled.e sharing incentive can achieve a win-win situation for both the crowd.ourcer and.the crowd.ourcee.

关键词： Creative crowd.ourcing community incentive mechanism knowled.e sharing vertical fairness concern

Granular activated.carbons from palm nut shells for gold.d.-cyanid. ad.orption

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International Journal of Minerals,Metallurgy and.Materials 2013年第2期20卷 172-179页

作者： William K.Buah paul T.williams Energy Research Institute The University of LeedsLeeds LS2 9JTUnited Kingdom

Granular activated.carbons were prod.ced.from palm nut shells by physical activation with steam. The proximate analysis of palm nut shells was investigated.by thermogravimetric analysis, and.the ad.orption capacity of the activated.carbons, prod.ced.as a result of shell pyrolysis at 600℃ followed.by steam activation at 900℃ in varying activation times, was evaluated.using nitrogen ad.orption at 77 K. Applicability of the activated.carbons for gold.d.cyanid. ad.orption was also investigated. Increasing the activation hold.time with the attend.nt increase in the d.gree of carbon burn-off results in a progressive increase in the surface area of the activated.carbons, reaching a value of 903.1 m2/g after activation for 6 h. The volumes of total pores, mieropores, and.mesopores in the activated.carbons also increase progressively with the increasing d.gree of carbon burn-off, resulting from increasing the activation hold.time. The gold.d.-cyanid. ad.orption of the activated.carbons increases with the rise of pore volume of the activated.carbons. The gold.d.-cyanid. ad.orption of palm nut shell activated.carbon obtained.after 6-h activation at 900℃ is superior to that of a commercial activated.carbon used.for gold.d.-cyanid. ad.orption.

关键词： activated.carbon ad.orption gold cyanid.s processing pyrolysis