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The great catastrophe: causes of the Permo-Triassic marine mass extinction

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National Science Review 2024年第1期11卷 37-50页

作者： paul b.Wignall David P.G.b.nd School of Earth & Environment University of Leeds School of Environmental Sciences University of Hull

The marine losses during the Permo-Triassic mass extinction were the worst ever experienced. All groups were b.dly affected, especially amongst the b.nthos(e.g. b.achiopods, corals, b.yozoans, foraminifers,ostracods). Planktonic populations underwent a fundamental change with eukaryotic algae b.ing replaced b. nitrogen-fixing b.cteria, green-sulphur b.cteria, sulphate-reducing b.cteria and prasinophytes. Detailed studies of b.undary sections, especially those in South China, have resolved the crisis to a ～55 kyr interval straddling the Permo-Triassic b.undary. Many of the losses occur at the b.ginning and end of this interval painting a picture of a two-phase extinction. Improved knowledge of the extinction has b.en supported b. numerous geochemical studies that allow diverse proposed extinction mechanisms to b. studied. A transition from oxygenated to anoxic-euxinic conditions is seen in most sections glob.lly, although the intensity and timing shows regional variab.lity. Decreased ocean ventilation coincides with rapidly rising temperatures and many extinction scenarios attrib.te the losses to b.th anoxia and high *** kill mechanisms include ocean acidification for which there is conflicting support from geochemical proxies and, even less likely, siltation(b.rial under a massive influx of terrigenous sediment) which lacks sub.tantive sedimentological evidence. The ultimate driver of the catastrophic changes at the end of the Permian was likely Sib.rian Trap eruptions and their associated carb.n dioxide emissions with consequences such as warming, ocean stagnation and acidification. Volcanic winter episodes stemming from Sib.rian volcanism have also b.en linked to the crisis, b.t the short-term nature of these episodes(b.real latitudes

关键词： ocean anoxia ocean acidification siltation productivity collapse volcanic winter

Optimizing Recovery Following Mihata Superior Capsular Reconstruction Surgery with Tensor Fascia Lata Auto Graft: A Comprehensive Rehab.litation Protocol

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Open Journal of Orthopedics 2024年第10期14卷 441-452页

作者： paul b. Roache Noman Naqvi Department of UCSF Health Saint Francis Hospital San Francisco California United States Department of Rehab.litation and Physical Therapy Concentra Urgent Care San Francisco California United States

Ob.ective: Superior Capsular Reconstruction (SCR) using a Tensor Fascia Lata (TFL) autograft is an evolving technique for treating irreparab.e rotator cuff tears. The Mihata technique, initially developed in Japan, has shown promising long-term results. However, a standardized post-operative rehab.litation protocol for this procedure in the USA is lacking. Purpose: This study aims to evaluate the outcomes of a comprehensive rehab.litation protocol following SCR with TFL autograft in a cohort of nine patients. Participants and Methods: A prospective ob.ervational study was conducted at Concentra Urgent Care, San Francisco. Nine patients, aged 55 - 65 years, underwent SCR with TFL autograft performed b. a specialized orthopedic surgeon. Post-operative rehab.litation was managed using a structured protocol, divided into three phases focusing on passive exercises, progressive range of motion, and strengthening. Outcomes were measured using the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) for pain, forward flexion range of motion (FF-ROM), and Single Assessment Numeric Evaluation (SANE) scores over a six-month period. Results: Significant improvements were ob.erved in pain reduction (mean VAS decrease of −3.67 points, p = 0.01), ROM (mean FF increase of 41.11 degrees, p = 0.014), and SANE scores (mean improvement of 42.11%, p = 0.009), indicating the efficacy of the rehab.litation protocol. Conclusion: The comprehensive rehab.litation protocol following SCR with TFL autograft significantly improved pain, range of motion, and shoulder function in patients, suggesting its potential utility in clinical practice.

关键词： Superior Capsular Reconstruction Tensor Fascia Lata Rotator Cuff Tears Rehab.litation Protocol

The magnetosheath at high spectral resolution

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Earth and Planetary Physics 2024年第1期8卷 234-246页

作者： K.D.Küntz D.Koutroumpa W.R.Dunn A.foster F.S.Porter D.G.Sib.ck b.Walsh The Henry A.Rowland Department of Physics and Astronomy Johns Hopkins University3701 San Martin DriveBaltimoreMD21218USA NASA Goddard Space Flight Center 8800 Greenbelt RoadGreenbeltMD 20771USA LATMOS-OVSQ CNRSUVSQ Paris-SaclaySorbonne Université11 Boulevard d’Alembert78280GuyancourtFrance Department of Physics and Astronomy University College LondonLondonUK The Centre for Planetary Science at UCL/b.rkb.ck Gower StreetLondon WC1E 6BTUK Center for Astrophysics Harvard University&Smithsonian Institution60 Garden StreetCambridgeMA 02138USA Center for Space Physics Boston University110 Cummington MallBostonMAUSA

While we eagerly anticipate SMILE’s(Solar wind Magnetosphere Ionosphere Link Explorer)unprecedented X-ray ob.ervations of the Earth’s magnetosheath and the initiation of a new era of magnetospheric research,it seems appropriate to look ahead to the ab.lities of the next generation of astrophysics *** these,the Line Emission Mapper(LEM),a large aperture micro-calorimeter b.sed mission,is currently planned to b. ab.e to ob.erve the magnetosheath at high spectral resolution(~2 eV).With a field of view of~30′,LEM will allow higher spatial resolution and higher cadence measurement of the motion of a very small portion of the magnetopause over relatively short periods of time(multiple hours),complementing SMILE’s glob.l ***’s strength is its spectral *** will b. ab.e to measure the ab.ndance of a b.oad range of elements and ionization states,many of which are inaccessib.e to current in situ instruments,and will b. ab.e to separate the emission from the magnetosheath from the emission from the cosmic X-ray b.ckground using the difference in their relative velocities.

关键词： magnetosheath charge exchange solar wind ab.ndances

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Decision-Making and Management of Self-Care in Persons with Traumatic Spinal Cord Injuries: A Preliminary Study

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Journal of b.havioral and b.ain Science 2024年第2期14卷 47-63页

作者： paul E. Plonski Jasmin Vassileva Ryan Shahidi paul b. Perrin William Carter Lance L. Goetz Amb.r b.ochetti James M. b.ork Institute for Drug and Alcohol Studies Virginia Commonwealth University Richmond VA USA Richmond Veterans Affairs Medical Center Richmond VA USA Department of Psychiatry Virginia Commonwealth University Richmond VA USA Department of Psychology Virginia Commonwealth University Richmond VA USA Department of Physical Medicine and Rehab.litation Virginia Commonwealth University Richmond VA USA Department of Spinal Cord Injury Cleveland Veterans Affairs Medical Center Cleveland OH USA Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology Virginia Commonwealth University Richmond VA USA

Patients and physicians understand the importance of self-care following spinal cord injury (SCI), yet many individuals with SCI do not adhere to recommended self-care activities despite logistical supports. Neurob.havioral determinants of SCI self-care b.havior, such as impulsivity, are not widely studied, yet understanding them could inform efforts to improve SCI self-care. We explored associations b.tween impulsivity and self-care in an ob.ervational study of 35 US adults age 18 - 50 who had traumatic SCI with paraplegia at least six months b.fore assessment. The primary outcome measure was self-reported self-care. In LASSO regression models that included all neurob.havioral measures and demographics as predictors of self-care, dispositional measures of greater impulsivity (negative urgency, lack of premeditation, lack of perseverance), and reduced mindfulness were associated with reduced self-care. Outcome (magnitude) sensitivity, a latent decision-making parameter derived from computationally modeling successive choices in a gamb.ing task, was also associated with self-care b.havior. These results are preliminary;more research is needed to demonstrate the utility of these findings in clinical settings. Information ab.ut associations b.tween impulsivity and poor self-care in people with SCI could guide the development of interventions to improve SCI self-care and help patients with elevated risks related to self-care and secondary health conditions.

关键词： Spinal Cord Injury Self-Care Decision-Making Paraplegia Impulsive b.havior Health Care

Dietary experience alters predatory b.havior of two ladyb.rd species on tomato potato psyllid

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INSECT SCIENCE 2024年第5期31卷 1579-1590页

作者： Sarkar, Shovon Chandra Milroy, Stephen paul Xu, Wei Murdoch Univ Food Futures Inst Murdoch WA Australia Murdoch Univ Food Futures Inst Murdoch WA 6150 Australia

The tomato potato psyllid, b.ctericera cockerelli, is an invasive pest in Australia, which can cause severe economic loss in the production of Solanaceous crops. As an invasive pest, b. cockerelli may also modify b.otic interactions in Australian agricultural and native ecosystems. Resident generalist predators in an area may have the ab.lity to utilize invasive pest species as prey b.t this will depend on their specific predatory b.havior. The extent to which generalist predators learn from their previous dietary experience (i.e., whether they have used a particular species as prey b.fore) and how this impacts sub.equent prey choice will influence predator and prey population dynamics after invasion. In this study, one nonnative resident ladyb.rd, Hippodamia variegata, and one native ladyb.rd, Coccinella transversalis, were investigated. Dietary experience with b. cockerelli as a prey species significantly increased preference for the psyllid in a short term (6 h) Petri dish study where a choice of prey was given. Greater suppression of b. cockerelli populations b. experienced ladyb.rds was also ob.erved on glasshouse grown tomato plants. This was presumab.y due to altered prey recognition b. experience. The result of this study suggest the potential to improve the impact of b.ological control agents on invasive pests b. providing early life experience consuming the target species. It may prove valuab.e for developing improved augmentative release strategies for ladyb.rds to manage specific insect pest species. Past feeding experiences influence the predation b.havior of two ladyb.rds on tomato potato psyllids. image

关键词： b.ological control invasive pest predator predator experience prey preference ZEb.A CHIP DISEASE SELF-SELECTION CANDIDATUS LIb.RIb.CTER LIFE-HISTORY COLEOPTERA TAb.ES PREFERENCE b.OLOGY INSECT THREAT

Norian(Late Triassic) conodonts from the Raohe area， Heilongjiang， Northeastern China

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Journal of Earth Science 2024年

作者： Xianlang Wu paul b.Wignall Xulong Lai Yan Chen Jinling Yuan Guiyue Luo Haishui Jiang State Key Lab.ratory of b.ogeology and Environmental Geology， School of Earth Sciences， China University of Geosciences School of Earth and Environment， University of Leeds Hub.i Institute of Geosciences

The Raohe area of Heilongjiang Province， Northeast China b.longs to the Nadanhada Terrane， which was in low latitudes of Panthalassa during the Triassic. The composition of the Late Triassic conodont fauna， derived from limestone lenses interpreted to b. formed on seamounts， provides important new information on the pelagic b.ota in this ocean. New conodont samples collected from sections at Minzhu， Minnan and Chigangb.i b.long to three Norian conodont zones. In ascending order， they are: Mockina postera Zone， Mockina b.dentata Zone and Parvigondolella andrusovi Zone. The Norian conodont fauna in the Raohe area has distinct attrib.tes: there are a lot of cosmopolitan species (e.g. Mockina postera， Mockina b.dentata， Parvigondolella andrusovi) which enab.e good glob.l correlation; endemic conodont species are also present， (e.g. Mockina sakurae， Mockina shamiseni， Norigondolella nadanhadaensis) indicating that Panthalassa Ocean conodont populations also contains unique taxa; and some conodonts b.long to taxa with much shorter ranges in surrounding epeiric seas (e.g. Carnepigondolella pseudoechinata， Neocavitella cavitata and Epigondolella vialovi). The presence of the latter “relicts” indicates that the seamounts were persistently suitab.e hab.tats for many millions of years in the Late Triassic.

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New insights into protein–polysaccharide complex coacervation:Dynamics,molecular parameters,and applications

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Aggregate 2024年第1期5卷 148-166页

作者： Jiab.o Zheng paul Van der Meeren Weizheng Sun School of Food Science and Engineering South China University of TechnologyGuangzhouChina Department of Green Chemistry and Technology Faculty of Bioscience EngineeringGhent UniversityGhentBelgium Overseas Expertise Introduction Center for Discipline Innovation of Food Nutrition and Human Health(111 Center) GuangzhouChina

For more than a decade,the discovery of liquid–liquid phase separation within living organisms has prompted colloid scientists to understand the connection b.tween coacervate functionality,phase b.havior,and dynamics at a multidisciplinary *** the protein–polysaccharide was the first system in which the coacervation phenomenon was discovered and is widely used in food systems,the phase state and relaxation dynamics of protein–polysaccharide complex coacervates(PPCC)have rarely b.en discussed ***,this review aims to unravel the relationship b.tween PPCC dynamics,thermodynamics,molecular architecture,applications,and phase states in past *** ahead,solving the way molecular architecture spreads to macro-functionality,that is,estab.ishing the relationship b.tween molecular architecture–dynamics–application,will catalyze novel advancements in PPCC research within the field of foods and b.omaterials.

关键词： dynamics encapsulation liquid coacervate protein-polysaccharide complex coacervation solid precipitate

Deep learning-b.sed detection of indicator species for monitoring b.odiversity in semi-natural grasslands

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Environmental Science and Ecotechnology 2024年第5期21卷 238-247页

作者： Deepak H.b.savegowda Inga Schleip paul Moseb.ch Cornelia Weltzien Technische Universitat b.rlin Straße des 17.Juni 13510623BerlinGermany Leib.iz-Institut für Agrartechnik und b.ookonomie e.V.(ATb. Max-Eyth-Allee 10014469PotsdamGermany Hochschule für nachhaltige Entwicklung Eb.rswalde Schicklerstraße 516225EberswaldeGermany

Deep learning(DL)has huge potential to provide valuab.e insights into b.odiversity changes in speciesrich agricultural ecosystems such as semi-natural grasslands,helping to prioritize and plan conservation ***,DL has b.en underexplored in grassland conservation efforts,hindered b. data scarcity,intricate ecosystem interactions,and limited economic ***,we developed a DL-b.sed ob.ect-detection model to identify indicator species,a group of vascular plant species that serve as surrogates for b.odiversity assessment in high nature value(HNV)*** selected indicator species Armeria maritima,Campanula patula,Cirsium oleraceum,and Daucus *** overcome the hurdle of limited data,we grew indicator plants under controlled greenhouse conditions,generating a sufficient dataset for DL model *** model was initially trained on this greenhouse ***,smaller datasets derived from an experimental grassland plot and natural grasslands were added to the training to facilitate the transition from greenhouse to field *** optimized model achieved remarkab.e average precision(AP)on test datasets,with 98.6 AP50 on greenhouse data,98.2 AP50 on experimental grassland data,and 96.5 AP50 on semi-natural grassland *** findings highlight the innovative application of greenhouse-grown specimens for the in-situ identification of plants,b.lstering b.odiversity monitoring in grassland ***,the study illuminates the promising role of DL techniques in conservation programs,particularly as a monitoring tool to support result-b.sed agrienvironment schemes.

关键词： Species-rich grasslands b.odiversity monitoring Ob.ect detection Cross-domain knowledge transfer

A vectorial model for the nonlinear gradient force exerted on metallic Rayleigh nanoparticles

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Chinese Optics Letters 2024年第2期22卷 207-213页

作者：朱政张聿全闵长俊 Aurèle J.LAdam H.paul Urb.ch 袁小聪 Research Center for Humanoid Sensing Research Institute of Intelligent SensingZhejiang LabHangzhou 311100China Nanophotonics Research Center Institute of Microscale Optoelectronics&State Key Laboratory of Radio Frequency Heterogeneous IntegrationShenzhen UniversityShenzhen 518060China Optics Research Group ImPhys DepartmentFaculty of Applied SciencesDelft University of TechnologyDelft 2628 CJThe Netherlands

Optical tweezers have proved to b. a powerful tool with a wide range of *** gradient force plays a vital role in the stab.e optical trapping of *** scalar method is convenient and effective for analyzing the gradient force in traditional optical ***,when the third-order nonlinear effect of the nano-ob.ect is stimulated,the scalar method cannot adequately present the optical response of the metal nanoparticle to the external optical ***,we propose a theoretical model to interpret the nonlinear gradient force using the vector *** comb.ning the optical Kerr effect,the polarizab.lity vector of the metallic nanoparticle is derived.A quantitative analysis is ob.ained for the gradient force as well as for the optical potential *** vector method yields b.tter agreement with reported experimental *** suggest that this method could lead to a deeper understanding of the physics relevant to nonlinear optical trapping and b.nding phenomena.

关键词： gradient forces nonlinear effect metallic nanoparticles

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