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Virtual brain twins: from basic neuroscience to clinical use

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National Science Review 2024年第5期11卷 72-86页

作者： Huifang E.Wang paul Triebkorn Martin Breyton Borana Dollomaja Jean-Didier Lemarechal Spase Petkoski Pierpaolo Sorrentino Damien Depannemaecker Meysam Hashemi Viktor K.Jirsa Aix Marseille Université Institut National de la Santéet de la Recherche Médicale Institut de Neurosciences des Systèmes(INS) UMR1106 Service de Pharmacologie Clinique et Pharmacosurveillance AP–HM

Virtual brain twins are personalized, generative and adaptive brain models based on data from an individual's brain for scientific and clinical use. After a description of the key elements of virtual brain twins,we present the standard model for personalized whole-brain network models. The personalization is accomplished using a subject's brain imaging data by three means:(1) assemble cortical and subcortical areas in the subject-specific brain space;(2) directly map connectivity into the brain models, which can be generalized to other parameters; and(3) estimate relevant parameters through model inversion, typically using probabilistic machine learning. We present the use of personalized whole-brain network models in healthy ageing and five clinical diseases: epilepsy, Alzheimer's disease, multiple sclerosis, Parkinson's disease and psychiatric disorders. Specifically, we introduce spatial masks for relevant parameters and demonstrate their use based on the physiological and pathophysiological hypotheses. Finally, we pinpoint the key challenges and future directions.

关键词： virtual brain twin personalized modeling inference neuroscience brain disorder

Quantifying source-sink relationships in leaf-color modified rice genotypes during grain filling

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2024年第9期23卷 2923-2940页

作者： Zhenxiang Zhou paul CStruik Junfei Gu Peter E.L.van der Putten Zhiqin Wang Jianchang Yang Xinyou Yin Centre for Crop Systems Analysis Department of Plant SciencesWageningen University&ResearchWageningen 6700 AKThe Netherlands College of Agriculture Yangzhou UniversityYangzhou 225009China

Leaf-color modification can affect canopy photosynthesis,with potential effects on rice yield and yield *** source-sink relationships through crop management is often used to improve crop *** study investigated whether and how modifying leaf color alters source-sink relationships and whether current crop cultivation practices remain applicable for leaf-color modified *** collected data of total biomass and nitrogen(N)accumulation in rice genotypes of four genetic backgrounds and their leaf-color modified variants(greener or yellower)were analyzed,using a recently established modelling method to quantify the source-sink(im)balance during grain *** all leaf-color variants,only one yellower-leaf variant showed a higher source capacity than its normal *** was associated with greater post-flowering N-uptake that prolonged the functional leaf-N duration,and this greater post-flowering N-uptake was possible because of reduced pre-flowering N-uptake.A density experiment showed that current management practices(insufficient planting density accompanied by abundant N application)are unsuitable for the yellower-leaf genotype,ultimately limiting its yield ***-color modification affects source-sink relationships by regulating the N trade-off between pre-and post-flowering uptake,as well as N translocation between source and sink *** best exploit leaf-color modification for improving crop productivity,adjustments of crop management practices are required.

关键词： source-sink relationship biomass nitrogen Oryza sativa leaf-color modification

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Palaeodepositional environment,implications of Glossopteris flora,and organic matter characteristics from the Lower Permian,Karo Open Cast Mine,East Bokaro Coalfield,Damodar Basin,India

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Journal of Palaeogeography 2024年第3期13卷 528-546页

作者： Sankar Suresh Kumar Pillai Rose Ann Sebastian Runcie paul Mathews Srikanta Murthy Anju Saxena Mrutyunjaya Sahoo Suraj Kumar Sahu Gulshan Kumar Dhingra Birbal Sahni Institute of Palaeosciences 53 University RoadLucknow-226007UPIndia Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research(AcSIR) Ghaziabad-201002India Department of Geology School of Earth Science SystemsCentral University of KeralaKasaragod-671316KeralaIndia Department of Geology Ravenshaw UniversityCuttack-753003OdishaIndia Department of Botany Sri Dev Suman Uttarakhand UniversityUttarakhand-249145India

The present study deals with the Early Permian floral diversity,palaeoenvironment,palaeoclimate and depositional setting using a multiproxy approach that includes morphotaxonomy,palynology,and organic geochemistry of Karo OCM(Open Cast Mine),East Bokaro Coalfield,Damodar Gondwana Basin,*** Permian sediments of Peninsular India are widely regarded as fluvial,along with some marine *** macroplant fossil assemblage exhibits the presence of Glossopteridales,comprising Glossopteris,Gangamopteris,and Vertebraria,as well as Coniferales,which includes *** palynological assemblage encompasses the dominance of the striate bisaccate pollen Faunipollenites *** the subdominance of the non-striate bisaccate pollen Scheuringipollenites *** glossopterid *** megafloral and palynofloral assemblage confirms the biostratigraphical age to be Late Barakar palynoflora of Kungurian *** studied morphological characteristics,including small to large Glossopteris leaves exhibiting a lanceolate shape,acute apices,and acute cuneate or tapering bases,as well as entire margins with narrower lamina and narrow meshes,suggest the existence of a dense forest with the prevalence of a warm and humid climate during their *** organic geochemical characterization based on functional group and biomarker analyses reveals the diagenetic effects on organic *** symmetric(~2865-2855 cm^(-1))and asymmetric stretching(~2930-2910 cm^(-1))peaks are identifiable in coal samples,whereas they are absent in carbonaceous *** A-factor vs.C-factor plot suggests that the kerogen type is type Ⅲ,which can generate mainly gaseous *** vitrinite reflectance studies(R_(r) av.1.1%)show increased maturity of the samples,which is supported by the n-alkane distribution pattern and the absence of hopane *** Indian floral assemblages in contemporary of southern Gondwana continents reveal a stronger inclination/affinity with th

关键词： Glossopteris Palynomorph FTIR GCMS Gondwana Permian Palaeoclimate

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Tunning the bandgap of MnO_(2)homojunction by building active high-index facet to achieve rapid electron transfer for enhanced photocatalytic sterilization

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Journal of Materials Science & Technology 2024年第1期168卷 265-275页

作者： Tao Zhang Bo Li Chaofeng Wang Shuilin Wu Shengli Zhu Hui Jiang Yufeng Zheng Zhaoyang Li Zhenduo Cui Yu Zhang paul K Chu Xiangmei Liu Biomedical Materials Engineering Research Center Hubei Key Laboratory of Polymer MaterialsMinistry-of-Education Key Laboratory for the Green Preparation and Application of Functional MaterialsSchool of Materials Science and Engineering Hubei UniversityWuhan 430062China School of Health Science&Biomedical Engineering Hebei University of TechnologyTianjin 300401China School of Materials Science&Engineering Peking UniversityBeijing 100871China School of Materials Science&Engineering the Key Laboratory of Advanced Ceramics and Machining Technology by the Ministry of Education of ChinaTianjin UniversityTianjin 300072China Department of Orthopedics Guangdong Provincial People’s HospitalGuangdong Academy of Medical SciencesGuangzhou 510080China Department of Physics Department of Materials Science and Engineering and Department of Biomedical EngineeringCity University of Hong KongHong Kong 999077China

Photocatalysis has been a research hotspot in recent years,and the design and modification of photocat-alysts have been the key *** methods for designing photocatalysts,including constructing heterojunctions and homojunctions,have been developed on the basis of *** this study,two homojunctions of manganese dioxide(MnO_(2)),including a high-index crystal plane homojunction and a general homojunction,are prepared using a stepwise hydrothermal *** a capping agent,the high-index crystal surface of the MnO_(2)is *** is found that the electron transport efficiency be-tween the two components of the homojunction with high-index planes is higher and the adsorption capacity of the oxygen is stronger,which leads to higher photocatalytic *** addition,the newly designed high-index homojunction is used for the treatment of bacterial infections,and it kills Staphy-lococcus aureus(***)and Escherichia coli(***)at rates of 99.95%±0.04%and 99.31%±0.25%,*** also has excellent therapeutic effects on mouse wounds,which implies superb practical application *** work provides a new strategy for the improved design of homojunctions and the application of photocatalytic materials.

关键词： Photocatalysis Homojunction Bandgap High-index facet Antibacterial

Acetabular cup size trends in total hip arthroplasty

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World Journal of Orthopedics 2024年第1期15卷 39-44页

作者： Daniel Patrick McKenna Alex Price Timothy McAleese Darren Dahly paul McKenna May Cleary Department of Trauma and Orthopaedics University Hospital WaterfordWaterford X91 ER8EIreland Department of Epidemiology and Public Health University College CorkCork T12 XF62Ireland

BACKGROUND Total hip arthroplasty(THA)is a common procedure for end stage *** learning curve for THA is complex and *** of the most difficult skills to master is acetabular *** wish to identify if experience in arthroplasty leads to preservation of more bone *** To investigate if increasing surgeon experience will predict an ever decreasing acetabular cup *** A retrospective case series of four attending orthopaedic surgeons was *** uncemented elective total hip arthroplasties since appointment were selected for *** size of acetabular cup used was noted and logistic regression was used to identify if a trend to smaller cups *** A total of 1614 subjects were included with a mean age of 64 *** cups were on average 0.18mm smaller per year(95%confidence interval-0.25 to-0.11,P<0.001).Individual surgeon trends showed cup sizes to decrease 0.27 mm/year for surgeon A,0.02 mm/year for surgeon B,0.15 mm/year for surgeon C and 0.29 mm/year for surgeon *** of the four surgeons had a more pronounced trend to smaller cups for male subjects than their female *** We found increasing surgeon experience to be associated with an ever-decreasing acetabular cup *** acetabular cup size may act as a surrogate marker of surgical proficiency by virtue of decreased acetabular reaming.

关键词： Hip Arthroplasty Acetabulum Cup Learning

Morphometry and Significance of Collodiaphyseal Angle among Bini Tribe in Southern Nigeria

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Journal of Forensic Science and Medicine 2024年第1期10卷 20-23页

作者： Dayo Rotimi Omotoso Uche Christiana Okwuonu Emmanuel Olusola Yawson paul Olugbemiga Awoniran Department of Human Anatomy Redeemer’s UniversityEdeOsun StateNigeria Department of Anatomy Igbinedion UniversityOkadaEdo StateNigeria

Introduction:The collodiaphyseal angle(CDA)is an angle formed between the femoral neck and femoral shaft *** is a vital determinant of femoral neck fracture as narrower angle is often used as a predictor of stress *** is also important in orthopedic treatment planning,especially hip replacement ***:This study was carried out to evaluate the CDA values among the Bini tribe and elucidate its ***:This study employed 200 anterior-posterior pelvic radiographs of the Bini tribe(100 males and 100 females)aged between 25 and 55 years obtained from selected radiological diagnostic centers in Benin City,Nigeria,after obtaining the Institutional Ethical *** were used to evaluate the right and left CDA as an angle formed by intersection of the femoral neck and shaft axes and measured using the *** were statistically analyzed using IBM-SPSS(version 20)with the mean,standard deviation,and range evaluated,and side and gender comparisons were done using t-test,and P0.05).Conclusion:The CDA can be employed as a morphometric indicator of sexual differences and for other clinical applications.

关键词： Bini tribe collodiaphyseal angle human morphometry Nigeria

A social computing method for energy safety

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Journal of Safety Science and Resilience 2024年第1期5卷 64-82页

作者： Pengfei Zhao Shuangqi Li Zhidong Cao paul Jen-Hwa Hu Daniel Dajun Zeng Da Xie Yichen Shen Jiangfeng Li Tianyi Luo Institute of Automation Chinese Academy of SciencesUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100090China Systems Engineering Cornell UniversityIthacaNY 14853USA David Eccles School of Business the University of UtahUtahUSA Department of Electrical Engineering Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200240China China University of Mining and Technology China

Information and communication technologies enable the transformation of traditional energy systems into cyber-physical energy systems(CPESs),but such systems have also become popular targets of ***,available methods for evaluating the impacts of cyberattacks suffer from limited resilience,efficacy,and practical *** mitigate their potentially disastrous consequences,this study suggests a two-stage,discrepancy-based optimization approach that considers both preparatory actions and response measures,integrating concepts from social *** proposed Kullback-Leibler divergence-based,distributionally robust optimization(KDR)method has a hierarchical,two-stage objective function that incorporates the operating costs of both system infrastructures(e.g.,energy resources,reserve capacity)and real-time response measures(e.g.,load shedding,demand-side management,electric vehicle charging station management).By incorporating social computing principles,the optimization framework can also capture the social behavior and interactions of energy consumers in response to *** preparatory stage entails day-ahead operational decisions,leveraging insights from social computing to model and predict the behaviors of individuals and communities affected by potential *** mitigation stage generates responses designed to contain the consequences of the attack by directing and optimizing energy use from the demand side,taking into account the social context and preferences of energy consumers,to ensure resilient,economically efficient CPES *** method can determine optimal schemes in both stages,accounting for the social dimensions of the *** original disaster mitigation model uses an abstract formulation to develop a risk-neutral model that characterizes cyberattacks through KDR,incorporating social computing techniques to enhance the understanding and response to cyber *** approach can mitigate the impacts more

关键词： Cyberattacks Cyber-physical energy systems Distributionally robust optimization False data injections Two-stage modeling Social computing

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浅谈极区空间物理学的科学革命

极地研究 2024年第1期36卷 80-83页

作者：宋璞麻州大学罗威尔分校空间科学实验室和物理系马萨诸塞州罗威尔市01854

极区空间物理学重要的研究方向之一是剖析南北两极的热层、电离层和磁层的耦合问题。本文简明扼要地描述了极区空间物理学的一场革命——即理论框架的革新。这场科学革命是用磁流体力学理论取代电机工程理论,目前进行得比较缓慢,但将在... 详细信息

极区空间物理学重要的研究方向之一是剖析南北两极的热层、电离层和磁层的耦合问题。本文简明扼要地描述了极区空间物理学的一场革命——即理论框架的革新。这场科学革命是用磁流体力学理论取代电机工程理论,目前进行得比较缓慢,但将在今后的30~50年彻底改变人们对于热层-电离层-磁层的认知。

关键词：热层-电离层-磁层耦合磁流体力学理论电机工程理论磁层亚暴场向电流极区空间物理学

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Engineering the axial coordination of cobalt single atom catalysts for efficient photocatalytic hydrogen evolution

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Nano Research 2024年第6期17卷 5114-5121页

作者： Ning Kang Lingwen Liao Xue Zhang Zhen He Binlu Yu Jiahong Wang Yongquan Qu paul KChu Seeram Ramakrishna Xue-Feng Yu Xin Wang Licheng Bai Materials Interfaces Center Shenzhen Institute of Advanced TechnologyChinese Academy of Sciences(CAS)Shenzhen 518055China Key Laboratory of Materials Physics Anhui Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials and NanotechnologyCAS Center for Excellence in NanoscienceInstitute of Solid State PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesHefei 230031China Department of Chemistry City University of Hong KongKowloonHong Kong 999077China Hong Kong Branch of National Precious Metals Material Engineering Research Center(NPMM) City University of Hong KongKowloonHong Kong 999077China Key Laboratory of Special Functional and Smart Polymer Materials of Ministry of Industry and Information Technology School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringNorthwestern Polytechnical UniversityXi’an 710072China Department of Physics and Department of Materials Science and Engineering City University of Hong KongKowloonHong Kong 999077China National University of Singapore(NUS)Centre for Nanofibers and Nanotechnology Department of Mechanical EngineeringNational University of SingaporeSingapore 117542Singapore

Improving the catalytic activity of non-noble metal single atom catalysts(SACs)has attracted considerable attention in materials *** optimizing the local electronic structure of single atom can greatly improve their catalytic activity,it often involves in-plane modulation and requires high ***,we report a novel strategy to manipulate the local electronic structure of SACs via the modulation of axial Co-S bond anchored onto graphitic carbon nitride(C_(3)N_(4))at room temperature(RT).Each Co atom is bonded to four N atoms and one S atom(Co-(N,S)/C_(3)N_(4)).Owing to the greater electronegativity of S in the Co-S bond,the local electronic structure of the Co atoms is available to be controlled at a relatively moderate ***,when employed for the photocatalytic hydrogen evolution reaction,the adsorption energy of intermediate hydrogen(H*)on the Co atoms is remarkably *** the presence of the Co-(N,S)/C_(3)N_(4)SACs,the hydrogen evolution rates reach up to 10 mmol/(g·h),which is nearly 10 and 2.5 times greater than the rates in the presence of previously reported transition metal/C_(3)N_(4)and noble platinum nanoparticles(PtNPs)/C_(3)N_(4)catalysts,*** to the tailorable axial Co-S bond in the SAC,the local electronic structure of the Co atoms can be further optimized for other photocatalytic *** axial coordination engineering strategy is universal in catalyst designing and can be used for a variety of photocatalytic applications.

关键词： transition metal single-atom local electronic structure photocatalytic hydrogen evolution graphitic carbon nitride axial coordination environment