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Combined Effects of Compost,Supraxone and Lambda-Super on Soil Microbial Activity under Pluvial Cultivation of Sesame(Sesamum indicum L.)in Burkina Faso

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Journal of Geoscience and Environment Protection 2019年第1期7卷 107-117页

作者： paul w.savadogo Yacouba Zi Abdoul K.Sanou Hassan B.Nacro Francois Lompo Et Michel P.Sedogo Laboratoire Sol-Eau-plante Institut de l’Environnement et de Recherches Agricoles(INERA)OuagadougouBurkina Faso Institut du Développement Rural Laboratoire d’Etude et de Recherche sur la Fertilité des Sols(LERF)Université Nazi BoniBobo-DioulassoBurkina Faso

Sesame cultivation is strategic for the economy of Burkina Faso. Indeed, after cotton, sesame is the second most important agricultural product for exportation. However, its production is limited by plant diseases and pest attacks. Facing this situation, large amounts of pesticides are used to boost productivity. But, these chemicals have a negative impact on soil fertility. In this instance, the effects of Supraxone and Lambda-super in the presence of compost on soil microbial activity under rainfed sesame cultivation in a peasant environment were studied. The experiment design was a block of Fisher (BCR) comparing the non-treated parcel (TNT) to the parcel amended only with compost (C) and to the parcel amended with compost and treated with the pesticides (C + P), respectively. Soil samples were taken at depths of 0 - 20 cm before sowing at 41st and 81st days after sowing. Respiratory activity and soil microbial biomass were monitored respectively by respirometric tests and by the fumigation-incubation method. The results show that the addition of compost into the soil with or without supraxone treatment and Lambda-super resulted in an increase in microbial biomass and soil respiratory quotient. These results show that the provision of compost in sufficient quantity corrects the inhibitory effect of soil biological activity by pesticides.

关键词： Supraxone Lambda-Super Sesamum indicum L. Burkina Faso Respiratory Quotient Microbial Biomass

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Soil Macrofauna Behaviour in the Presence of Pesticides and Organic Amendments

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Journal of Geoscience and Environment Protection 2017年第3期5卷 202-212页

作者： Rayim wendé Alice Nare paul windinpsidi savadogo Mamoudou Traore André Gountan Hassan Bismarck Nacro Michel Papaoba Sedogo Département des Substances Naturelles Institut de Recherche en Sciences Appliquées et Technologies (IRSAT) Ouagadou-gou Burkina Faso Laboratoire Sol-Eau-Plante Institut de l’Environnement et de Recherches Agricoles (INERA) Ouagadougou Burkina Faso Laboratoire d’Etude et de Recherche sur la Fertilité des Sols (LERF) Université Polytechnique de Bobo Dioulasso (UPB) Bobo Dioulasso Burkina Faso

Insects attack vegetable crop, leading to an overuse of pesticides. Organic amendments are recommended to increase soil fertility. The impact of two insecticides, on soil macrofauna under rainfed cultivation of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum L.) with or without organic amendments was evaluated. The insecticides were Lambda Super (lambda-cyhalothrin) and Dursban (chlorpyrifos ethyl) and organic amendments were compost, pig manure and cattle manure. An experimental device in split-plot with three replicate was installed. Pesticides were applied periodically each week during the experiment. The results have showed that with organic amendments, Lambda super increased the earthworm population compared to the control. Indeed, we found 42 individuals/m2 with compost;1 individuals/m2 with pig manure and 27 individuals/m2 with cattle manure but the control was 0 individuals/m2 in the presence of Lambda super without organic amendment. Similarly, Dursban increased the population of earthworms in the presence of organic amendment with 11, 37 and 91 individuals/m2 respectively for compost, pig manure and cattle manure. Lambda super with compost has led to a total elimination of termites. In the presence of Dursban, a decrease in the number of termites was observed when adding cattle manure (11 individuals/ m2) compared to the control containing only Dursban (21 individuals/m2). Better distribution of macrofauna was obtained with treatment with Dursban and compost (E = 0.99 for earthworms and E = 0.96 for termites). All organic amendments used in our study stimulated earthworm population, but more in the presence of Lambda super or Dursban.

关键词： Pesticides Organic Amendment Soil Macrofauna Burkina Faso

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Hepatitis B and C Immunological and Molecular Parameter Analysis in HIV-Positive Patients Undergoing Antiretroviral Therapy at Saint Camille Hospital in Ouagadougou (HOSCO), Burkina Faso

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Advances in Infectious Diseases 2022年第1期12卷 20-41页

作者： Denise P. Ilboudo w. w. Eudoxie Kévine savadogo Théodora M. Zohoncon Estelle savadogo Yéri Esther Hien Lassina Traore Djéneba Ouermi wendkuuni Florencia Djigma Christelle M. Nadembega Marius Belemgnegre paul Ouedraogo Mahamoudou Sanou Damintoti Simplice Karou Yves Traore Jacques Simpore Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Molecular Genetics (LABIOGENE) UFR/SVT University Joseph KI-ZERBO Ouagadougou Burkina Faso University of Fada N’Gourma Fada N’Gourma Burkina Faso Laboratory of Biochemistry and Applied Immunology University Joseph KI-ZERBO Ouagadougou Burkina Faso Biomolecular Research Center Pietro Annigoni (CERBA) Ouagadougou Burkina Faso Université Saint Thomas d’Aquin Faculté de Médecine Ouagadougou Burkina Faso Hopital Saint Camille Ouagadougou (HOSCO) Ouagadougou Burkina Unité de Formation et de Recherche en Science De la Santé (UFR/SDS) Université Joseph KI-ZERBO (UJKZ) Ouagadougou Burkina Faso Ecole Supérieure des Techniques Biologiques et Alimentaires (ESTBA-UL) Université de Lomé Lomé Togo

Knowledge of the clinical and biological profile of patients infected with HIV and hepatitis B and/or C is essential in order to identify and implement effective management strategies. Methods: This was a retrospective descriptive study from January 01, 2016 to June 01, 2021. Adult patients aged at least 18 years infected with HIV type 1 and/or 2, na?ve to ARV treatment. Univariate analyses were assessed using Pearson’s Chi2 test. The Student Newman test was used for comparison between groups using R software version 4.0.2. Objective: To draw up the epidemiological, clinical, paraclinical and evolutionary profiles of HIV-treated-patients in relation to HIV/HBV and HIV/HCV co-infections in order to allow the identification and the implementation of effective management strategies. Results: Of the 379 patients included 280 (73.88%) were women. At treatment initiation, the mean age was 40.14 ± 11.84 years. The majority of patients consulted at wHO stage III (51.45%). Clinical suspicion was the most frequent screening circumstance (51.71%). The pathologies frequently reported at the first consultation were diarrhea (28%) and shingles (16%). Body mass index was normal in 50.5% of patients. HIV1 infection was the majority (91.03%). A total of 270 had a CD4 count at treatment initiation. The mean CD4 cell count was 304.17 ± 242.06 cells/μL, and 116 (42.59%) of them had a CD4 ≤ 200 cells/μL. Viral load at treatment initiation was documented in 62 patients (16.35%) and 70.97% of them had a detectable viral load (greater than 1000 copies/mL). The clinical and biological evolution was relatively good in patients after therapeutic initiation. HIV-HBV co-infection was 24.11% and HIV-HCV co-infection was 2.26%. The mortality rate was 3.69%. Conclusion: These results reflect a significant delay in HIV infection diagnosis. Furthermore, hepatitis B and/or C is co-infections that increasingly affect people living with HIV. It also appears that COVID 19 disease has had a strong impact

关键词： HIV Clinical-Biological Profile Hepatitis B and C Co-Infection Burkina Faso

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Emergency Cesarean Section for Teenagers at Yalgado Ouedraogo Teaching Hospital (YOTH), Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso: Frequency, Indications, Maternal and Perinatal Prognosis

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Open Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 2018年第11期8卷 936-945页

作者： Yobi Alexis Sawadogo Boubakar Toure Sibraogo Kiemtore Evelyne Komboigo-savadogo Dantola paul Kain Issa Ouedraogo Adama Ouattara Hyacinthe Zamane Ali Ouedraogo Blandine Thieba Unity of Training and Research in Health Sciences (UFR/SDS) University Ouaga I Professor Joseph KI-ZERBO Ouagadougou Burkina Faso Yalgado OUEDRAOGO Teaching Hospital of Ouagadougou Ouagadougou Burkina Faso Boromo District Hospital Boromo Burkina Faso Teaching Hospital of Ouahigouya Ouahigouya Burkina Faso

Objective: To study emergency cesarean section in teenagers with the goal of reducing morbidity and maternal-fetal mortality. Methods: This was a descriptive cross-sectional study with prospective collection of data on 248 cases collected from July 1st to December 31st, 2016. Results: The incidence of cesarean section in teenagers was 56.4%. The average age was 18 ± 0.4 years old. The vast majority were primiparous (92.7%). The main indications for emergency Caesarean section were: pre-eclampsia and its complications (20.2%), acute fetal distress (18.5), pre-rupture syndrome (14.1%) and bone dystocia (11.7%). The maternal mortality rate was 1.6% and perinatal mortality was 134 per 1000 live births. Conclusion: The rate of caesarean section is high at Yalgado OUéDRAOGO Teaching Hospital of Ouagadougou. Postoperative complications are sometimes serious and compromise the maternal and fetal outcome. There is a need for increased surveillance of all pregnant and recently delivered women to reduce maternal and perinatal mortality in teenagers.

关键词： Caesarean Section Emergency Teenagers Indications Prognosis

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Incidence of Sickle Cell Disease and Other Hemoglobinopathies in Burkina Faso: Results of a Five-Year Systematic Neonatal Screening (2015-2019) in Four Urban Hospitals

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Open Journal of Blood Diseases 2022年第4期12卷 87-97页

作者： Salam Sawadogo Koumpingnin Nebie Donatien Kima Hélène Traore savadogo Jean De Dieu Sanou Dieudonné Ouedraogo paul Ouedraogo Hyacinthe Zamane Abdoulaye Ndiaye Eléonore Kafando University Joseph Ki-Zerbo Ouagadougou Burkina Faso Hematology Intervention Group Ouagadougou Burkina Faso Sanou Souro Teaching Hospital Bobo-Dioulasso Burkina Faso Schiphra Protestant Hospital Ouagadougou Burkina Faso Saint-Camille Hospital of Ouagadougou Ouagadougou Burkina Faso Yalgado Ouedraogo Teaching Hospital Ouagadougou Burkina Faso

Hemoglobinopathies, mainly Sickle cell disease (SCD), are the most common monogenic disorders in Africa. In Burkina Faso, data on these diseases are scarce, mainly hospital-based in Ouagadougou and its surroundings. In order to assess the incidence and allelic frequencies of the main hemoglobinopathies in newborns in Burkina Faso, we conducted a cross-sectional study from 2015 to 2019 in four hospitals. The study included babies of both sexes, regardless of ethnic group and parents’ hemoglobin status. It was a newborn screening and hemoglobin variants were detected using isoelectric focusing on cord blood samples and confirmed using hemoglobin electrophoresis by high-performance liquid chromatography. The proportions and cumulative incidences of the different hemoglobinopathies were computed. Hardy-weinberg equilibrium law was applied to calculate genotypic and allelic frequencies. The significant level was p wborns included, 47.8% were males and 60.2% were from Bobo-Dioulasso. Abnormal hemoglobin was found in 27.1%, representing a cumulative incidence of 1:4 newborns. The incidence of SCD was 1.9% (1:53 newborns) with 27.9% of homozygous SS. Homozygous CC and compound heterozygous Cβ-Thalassemia accounted for 1.1%. SCD cases were 1.51 times higher in Bobo-Dioulasso (OR = 1.51;95% CI [1.09 - 2.10]: p = 0.013). The observed genotype frequencies were significantly different from the expected ones (p 0.001). The βS and βC alleles represented 5.1 and 9.9%, respectively. This study showed a high incidence of hemoglobinopathies. Such results raise the question of control strategies for these hemoglobinopathies in our country.

关键词： Abnormal Hemoglobin β-Globin Gene Newborn Screening Isoelectric Focusing

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Identification of Bacteria Strains Isolated in Urinary Tract Infections and Their Antibiotic Susceptibility at the National Public Health Laboratory, Ouagadougou

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Open Journal of Medical Microbiology 2022年第3期12卷 83-95页

作者： Sandrine Ouedraogo Dissinviel Stéphane Kpoda Lamoussa paul Ouattara Cheikna Zongo Yéri Esther Hien paulette Karfo Désiré Nezien Elie Kabre Algas Barreda Pillar Aly savadogo Laboratoire de Biochimie et Immunologie Appliquées (LABIA) Université Joseph Ki-Zerbo Ouagadougou Burkina Faso Centre Universitaire de Ziniare (CU-Z) Université Joseph Ki-Zerbo Ouagadougou Burkina Faso Laboratoire de Microbiologie et de Biotechnologie Microbienne (LAMBM) Université Joseph Ki-Zerbo Ouagadougou Burkina Faso Laboratoire des Substances Naturelles et des Technologies des Produits Naturels et de l’Environnement (LABTECH-PRONE) Institut de Recherche en Sciences Appliquées et Technologies (IRSAT) Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique et Technologique (CNRST) Ouagadougou Burkina Faso Laboratoire National de Santé Publique (LNSP) Ouagadougou Burkina Faso

Background: Urinary tract infections are still a real public health concern. The aim of this study was to identify the bacteria strains involved in urinary tract infections and to determine their antibiotic resistance profiles. Methods: Two kinds of studies were performed. The retrospective study was carried out for 2 years (from January 2018 to December 2019), and the prospective study was extended over a period of 6 months (from January to June 2020). Isolation and identification of bacteria strains were performed using conventional microbiology techniques. The strains’ resistance profiles were determined by the diffusion method on Mueller-Hinton according to the criteria of EUCAST- 2015. Fourteen (14) antibiotic discs were used depending on the isolated germ. Results: A total of 187 bacterial strains were isolated from 82 men and 105 women. Among the germs identified, 77.54% were Enterobacteriaceae and 13.36% were cocci strains. Non-fermentative gram-negative bacilli accounted for 9.08% of the isolated bacteria. The results showed that the majority of Enterobacteriaceae strains were resistant to beta-lactams: 100% to amoxicillin, 98.75% to amoxicillin + clavulanic acid, 41.76% to ceftriaxone, and 43.14% to ceftazidime. These findings were obtained with fluoroquinolones and aminoglycosides: 50.09% with ciprofloxacin, 54.04% with norfloxacin, and 22.58% with amikacin. 8.75% of the Enterobacteriaceae strains tested were resistant to imipenem. The same trends were observed with non-fer- mentative bacteria. As for the gram-positive bacteria isolated during our study, 13.33% were resistant to vancomycin, 21.05% to gentamicin, 94.12% to penicillin G, 88.89% to ampicillin, 77.78% to cefotaxime, 63.63% to kanamycin, and 52.63% to erythromycin. Conclusion: This study revealed, as in other studies, that Enterobacteriaceae strains remain the most incriminated bacteria strains in urinary tract infections, with a strong resistance to antibiotics. It is important that actions b

关键词： Urinary Tract Infections Enterobacteriaceae Antibiotic Resistance Ouagadougou

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Factors Associated with Antigen HBs Seroconversion among Blood Donors in Ouagadougou from 2008 to 2017

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Advances in Infectious Diseases 2021年第3期11卷 278-289页

作者： Abdoul-Guaniyi Sawadogo T. Isidore Traore Salam Sawadogo Kompingnin Nebie Lucien Désiré Dahourou Juste Some Hervé Kpoda Ahmed Kabore Dahourou Honorine Arzouma paul Yooda Bia Emile Drabo Jean-Etienne Koanda Alain Konseybo Eléonore Kafando Nicolas Meda Léon Blaise savadogo Centre National de Transfusion Sanguine (CNTS) Ouagadougou Burkina Faso ONG Terre des hommes Lausanne Ouagadougou Burkina Faso Centre MURAZ Bobo-Dioulasso Burkina Faso Université Nazi BONI Bobo-Dioulasso Burkina Faso Université Joseph KI-ZERBO Ouagadougou Burkina Faso Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la Santé (IRSS) Ouagadougou Burkina Faso Université Norbert ZONGO Koudougou Burkina Faso

Introduction: The risk of transmission of pathogens such as hepatitis B virus threatens the safety of transfused patients especially in high endemic areas. The aim of this study was to determine the incidence and factors associated with hepatitis B virus surface antigen (HBsAg) seroconversion in blood donors at the Regional Blood Transfusion Centre of Ouagadougou. Methods: A retrospective cohort study of voluntary non-remunerated blood donors (VNRBD), was conducted from 2008 to 2017. Data on HBsAg seroconversion were collected. The Kaplan-Meier method and the Log-Rank test were used to estimate the survival curves. Cox’s regression identified the factors associated with this seroconversion. Results: Of 23,494 donors, 559 had HBsAg seroconversion. The number of donor years was 58,637.50 and the HBV incidence rate was 9.53 per 1000 donor years. The median seroconversion time was 75.73 months with extremes of 2.7 months and 107.12 months. The risk of seroconversion was 1.30 times higher among donors aged 21 to 24 years old (p = 0.007) and 2.49 times higher among those over 24 years old (p were 1.11 times more likely to seroconvert than male donors (p = 0.33). Donor residence was not significantly associated with HBsAg seroconversion (Hazard ratio = 1.12;p = 0.36). The risk of seroconversion decreased significantly with the number of blood donations (Hazard ratio = 0.58;p = 0.006). Conclusion: The incidence of HBsAg remains high among blood donors, which could have a negative impact on transfusion safety. The age of the blood donor was significantly associated to AgHBs seroconversion.

关键词： Time to Onset Viral Hepatitis B Blood Donors Seroconversion

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