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Artificial intelligence model for predicting geomechanical characteristics using easy-to-acquire offset logs without deploying logging tools

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Petroleum 2022年第2期8卷 192-203页

作者： Temitope F.Ogunkunle Emmanuel E.Okoro Oluwatosin j.Rotimi paul Igbinedion David I.Olatunji Department of Petroleum Engineering Covenant UniversityOtaNigeria

This study focuses on predicting acoustic and mechanical rock properties using random forest and feed forward neural network models to evaluate the likelihood of developing efficient ways of handling absence of rock properties at offset *** Random Forest algorithm was used for direct prediction of the sonic data without considering the depth range of the facies;while Feed forward Neural network was used to predict the sonic data with emphasis on the lithofacies *** accuracy of these approaches was used in choosing the best and the most robust model for predicting sonic data when estimating formation strength and mechnical *** log was predicted after training a combination of caliper log,gamma log,depth,density log and resistivity log from offset wells.5 hidden layers that accounts for the data structural complexities was included in the model architecture.A multilayer perceptron network was adopted for the Random forest algorithm to handle linear combinations of input data *** error computations were used to evaluate the performance of the ***,mechanical properties and sanding potential was evaluated using standard relations and appropriate depositional *** forest algorithm gave the best prediction accuracy of more than 96%,but the Feed forward network has the lower mean absolute error and mean squared error of 2.75 and 5.93 ***,the predicted compressive and shear wave velocity show increase of values with depth,a behavior that is capable of identifying payzone *** was validated by the distinction seen within the 200 feet gas sand formation in the deeper portion of the studied well(9600e9800 feet).Potential failure portions of the wells,a common feature in the field,were inferred from the sanding potential computed using the predicted mechanical properties value.

关键词： Shear wave velocity Mechanical properties Random forest Feed forward neural network Sanding potential

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Global mitigation efforts cannot neglect emerging emitters

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National Science Review 2022年第12期9卷 82-89页

作者： Can Cui Dabo Guan Daoping wang jing Meng Vicky Chemutai paul Brenton Shaohui Zhang Yuli Shan Qiang Zhang Steven j.Davis Department of Earth System Science Tsinghua University The Bartlett School of Sustainable Construction University College London Department of Computer Science and Technology University of Cambridge Centre for Nature and Climate World Economic Forum School of Urban and Regional Science Shanghai University of Finance and Economics The world Bank School of Economics and Management Beihang University International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis School of Geography Earth and Environmental Sciences University of Birmingham Department of Earth System Science University of California Irvine Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering University of California Irvine

International efforts to avoid dangerous climate change have historically focused on reducing energy-related CO2emissions from countries with either the largest economies(*** EU and the USA)and/or the largest populations(*** and India).However,in recent years,emissions have surged among a different and much less-examined group of countries,raising concerns that a next generation of high-emitting economies will obviate current mitigation ***,we analyse the trends and drivers of emissions in each of the 59 countries where emissions in 2010-2018 grew faster than the global average(excluding China and India),project their emissions under a range of longer-term energy scenarios and estimate the costs of decarbonization *** emissions from these ’emerging emitters’ reach as much as 7.5 GtCO2/year in the baseline 2.5° scenari—substantially greater than the emissions from these regions in previously published scenarios that would limit warming to 1.5℃ or even 2℃.Such unanticipated emissions would in turn require non-emitting energy deployment from all sectors within these emerging emitters,and faster and deeper reductions in emissions from other countries to meet international climate ***,the annual costs of keeping emissions at the low level are in many cases 0.2%-4.1% of countries’ gross domestic production,pointing to potential trade-offs with poverty-reduction goals and/or the need for economic support and low-carbon technology transfer from historically high-emitting *** results thus highlight the critical importance of ramping up mitigation efforts in countries that to this point have been largely ignored.

关键词： emerging emiters developing countries climate change mitigation CO_2 emissions net zero

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Bright spots for inland fish and fisheries to guide future hydropower development

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water Biology and Security 2022年第1期1卷 81-99页

作者： william M.Twardek Ian G.Cowx Nicolas w.R.Lapointe Craig Paukert T.Douglas Beard Elena M.Bennett David Browne Andrew K.Carlson Keith D.Clarke Zeb Hogan Kai Lorenzen Abigail j.Lynch Peter B.McIntyre paulo Pompeu Mark Rogers Alexis Sakas william w.taylor taylor D.ward Zeenatul Basher Steven j.Cooke Fish Ecology and Conservation Physiology Laboratory Department of Biology and Institute for Environmental StudiesCarleton University1125 Colonel By DrOttawaON K1S 5B6Canada Fisheries Institute at the University of Hull Cottingham RdHullHU67RXUnited Kingdom Canadian wildlife Federation 350 Michael Cowpland DrKanataONK2M 2W1Canada U.S.Geological Survey Missouri Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research UnitUniversity of MissouriColumbiaMO65211United States U.S.Geological Survey National Climate Adaptation Science Center12201 Sunrise Valley DriveMS-516RestonVA20192United States McGill School of Environment McGill University845 Sherbrooke St WMontrealQuebec H3A 0G4Canada Princeton Environmental Institute and Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology Princeton UniversityM30 Guyot HallPrincetonNJ08544United States Ecological Sciences Section Science Branch Fisheries and Oceans CanadaCanadaPO Box/CP 5667St.John'sNewfoundland and LabradorA1C 5X1Canada University of Nevada Reno.4505 S Maryland PkwyLas VegasNV89154United States Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences School of Forest Resources and ConservationUniversity of Florida7922 NW 71st StreetGainesvilleFL32653United States Department of Natural Resources Cornell UniversityIthacaNY14853United States Departamento de Biologia Universidade Federal de LavrasAquenta SolLavrasState of Minas Gerais37200-900Brazil U.S.Geological Survey Tennessee Cooperative Fishery Research UnitTennessee tech UniversityCookevilleTN38505United States The Nature Conservancy 6375 Riverside DriveSuite 100DublinOH43017United States Michigan State University Department of Fisheries and WildlifeEast LansingMI48823United States

Hydropower production is one of the greatest threats to fluvial ecosystems and freshwater *** that we have entered the Anthropocene,there is an opportunity to reflect on what might constitute a‘sustainable’Anthropocene in the context of hydropower and riverine fish *** elements of existing practices that promote favorable social-ecological outcomes(i.e.,‘bright spots’)is timely given that there are plans to expand hydropower capacity in previously undammed rivers,intensify dam development in some of the world's largest river systems,and re-license existing *** approach this from a pragmatic perspective:for the foreseeable future,hydropower will likely remain an important source of renewable *** offer support for moving toward a more‘sustainable’Anthropocene,we provide syntheses of best practices during the siting,design,construction,operation,and compensation phases of hydropower development to minimize impacts on inland *** each phase,we offer positive examples(or what might be considered‘bright spots’)pertaining to some of the approaches described within our syntheses,acknowledging that these projects may not be viewed as without ecological and(or)societal detriment by all *** findings underscore the importance of protecting critical habitat and free-flowing river reaches through careful site selection and basinscale planning,infrastructure designs that minimize reservoir effects and facilitate safe passage of fish,construction of hydropower plants using best practices that minimize long-term damage,operating guidelines that mimic natural flow conditions,and compensation that is lasting,effective,inclusive,and locally *** from these‘bright spots’may require engagement of diverse stakeholders,professionals,and governments at scales that extend well beyond a given site,river,or even ***,environmental planning that integrates hydropower development into broader discussions

关键词： Migration Dams Salmon Hydroelectric Flow Socioecological Fish passage Barriers Ecosystems

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Round spermatid injection into human oocytes:a systematic review and meta-analysis

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Asian journal of Andrology 2021年第4期23卷 363-369页

作者： Brent M Hanson taylor P Kohn Alexander w Pastuszak Richard T Scott jr Philip j Cheng james M Hotaling Department of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility IVI-Reproductive Medicine Associates of New JerseyBasking RidgeNJ 07920USA Department of Urology The Brady Urological Institute at Johns Hopkins UniversityBaltimoreMD 21287USA Department of Surgery University of Utah Center for Reconstructive Urology and Men's HealthSalt Lake CityUT 84108USA

Many azoospermic men do not possess mature spermatozoa at the time of surgical sperm *** study is a systematic review and meta-analysis evaluating outcomes following round spermatid injection(ROSI),a technique which utilizes immature precursors of spermatozoa for *** electronic search was performed to identify relevant articles published through October *** cohort studies in English involving male patients who had round spermatids identified and used for fertilization with human oocytes were *** rate,pregnancy rate,and resultant delivery rate were assessed following ***-analysis outcomes were analyzed using a random-effects *** were extracted from 22 studies involving 1099 couples and 4218 embryo *** fertilization rate after ROSI was 38.7%(95%confidence interval[CI]:31.5%–46.3%),while the pregnancy rate was 3.7%(95%CI:3.2%–4.4%).The resultant delivery rate was low,with 4.3%of embryo transfers resulting in a delivery(95%CI:2.3%–7.7%).The pregnancy rate per couple was 13.4%(95%CI:6.8%–19.1%)and the resultant delivery rate per couple was 8.1%(95%CI:6.1%–14.4%).ROSI has resulted in clinical pregnancies and live births,but success rates are considerably lower than those achieved with mature *** this technique may be a feasible alternative for men with azoospermia who decline other options,couples should be aware that the odds of a successful delivery are greatly diminished and the prognosis is relatively poor.

关键词： azoospermia in vitro fertilization infertility spermatozoa testis

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One stop shop:backbones trees for important phytopathogenic genera:Ⅰ(2014)

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Fungal Diversity 2014年第4期 21-125页

作者： Kevin D.Hyde R.Henrik Nilsson S.Aisyah Alias Hiran A.Ariyawansa jaime E.Blair Lei Cai Arthur w.A.M.de Cock Asha j.Dissanayake Sally L.Glockling Ishani D.Goonasekara Michal Gorczak Matthias Hahn Ruvishika S.jayawardena jan A.L.van Kan Matthew H.Laurence C.AndréLévesque Xinghong Li jian-Kui Liu Sajeewa S.N.Maharachchikumbura Dimuthu S.Manamgoda Frank N.Martin Eric H.C.McKenzie Alistair R.McTaggart Peter E.Mortimer Prakash V.R.Nair julia Pawlowska Tara L.Rintoul Roger G.Shivas Christoffel F.j.Spies Brett A.Summerell paul w.j.taylor Razak B.Terhem Dhanushka Udayanga Niloofar Vaghefi Grit walther Mateusz wilk Marta wrzosek jian-Chu Xu jiYe Yan Nan Zhou Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia Kunming Institute of BotanyChinese Academy of SciencesKunming 650201People’s Republic of China world Agroforestry Centre East Asia NodeHeilongtanKunming 650201People’s Republic of China Institute of Excellence in Fungal Research and School of ScienceMae Fah Luang UniversityChiang Rai 57100Thailand Botany and Microbiology Department College of ScienceKing Saud UniversityRiyadh 1145Saudi Arabia Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences University of GothenburgBox 46140530 GöteborgSweden Institute of Ocean and Earth Sciences(IOES) C308Institute of Postgraduate Studies BuildingUniversity of Malaya50603 Kuala LumpurMalaysia Department of Biology Franklin&Marshall CollegeLancasterPAUSA State Key Laboratory of Mycology Institute of MicrobiologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101 People’s Republic of China CBS-KNAw Fungal Biodiversity Centre Uppsalalaan 83584CT UtrechtThe Netherlands Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences Institute of Plant and Environment ProtectionNo.9 of ShuguanghuayuanzhongluHaidian DistrictBeijing 100097People’s Republic of China 135 Brodrick Road Eastbourne BN229RAEast SussexUK Department of Plant Systematics and Geography Faculty of BiologyUniversity of WarsawAl.Ujazdowskie 400-478WarsawPoland Department of Biology TU KaiserslauternErwin-Schrodinger-StraBe67663 KaiserslauternGermany Laboratory of Phytopathology Wageningen UniversityDroevendaalsesteeg 16708 PB WageningenThe Netherlands Royal Botanic Gardens and Domain Trust Mrs Macquaries RdSydneyNew South Wales 2000Australia Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada Central Experimental FarmOttawaONCanada United States Department of Agriculture Agriculture Research ServiceSalinasCAUSA Landcare Research Private Bag92170 AucklandNew Zealand Department of Agriculture Fisheries and ForestryEcosciences PrecinctDutton ParkQueensland 4102Australia Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences The University of

Many fungi are pathogenic on plants and cause significant damage in agriculture and *** are also part of the natural ecosystem and may play a role in regulating plant numbers/*** identification and analysis of plant pathogenic fungi,while important,is often hampered by the scarcity of discriminatory taxonomic characters and the endophytic or inconspicuous nature of these ***(DNA sequence)data for plant pathogenic fungi have emerged as key information for diagnostic and classification studies,although hampered in part by non-standard laboratory practices and analytical *** facilitate current and future research,this study provides phylogenetic synopses for 25 groups of plant pathogenic fungi in the Ascomycota,Basidiomycota,Mucormycotina(Fungi),and Oomycota,using recent molecular data,up-to-date names,and the latest taxonomic *** laboratory protocols together with advice on their application,as well as general observations,are also *** hope to maintain updated backbone trees of these fungal lineages over time and to publish them jointly as new data *** of plant pathogenic fungi not covered by the present study are invited to join this future ***,Botryosphaeriaceae,Botryosphaeria,Botrytis,Choanephora,Colletotrichum,Curvularia,Diaporthe,Diplodia,Dothiorella,Fusarium,Gilbertella,Lasiodiplodia,Mucor,Neofusicoccum,Pestalotiopsis,Phyllosticta,Phytophthora,Puccinia,Pyrenophora,Pythium,Rhizopus,Stagonosporopsis,Ustilago and Verticillium are dealt with in this paper.

关键词： Ascomycota Basidiomycota Endophytes Mucormycotina Molecular identification Oomycota Plant pathogens Protozoa

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Porous solid inspired hyper-crosslinked polymer liquids with highly efficient regeneration for gas purification

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Science China Materials 2022年第7期65卷 1937-1942页

作者： Stefan j.D.Smith Colin D.wood paul H.M.Feron Hamidreza Mahdavi Roger j.Mulder Cara M.Doherty Matthew R.Hill Xavier Mulet CSIRO Manufacturing Private Bag 10Clayton SouthVIC 3169Australia Department of Chemical Engineering Monash UniversityClaytonVIC 3800Australia Australian Resources Research Centre KensingtonWA 6155Australia CSIRO Energy P.O.Box 330NewcastleNSW 2300Australia

Separation media that combine the desired material properties within a single material for a given process remain an ongoing challenge for the gas separations in *** integration of porous solid adsorbents is difficult due to their limited volumetric capacity,whereas issues of volatility and high regeneration temperatures exist for liquid amines and physical ***,we report a family of polymer liquids inspired by hyper-crosslinked polymers(HCPs),a class of highly swellable network *** with a chemically similar porous solid,the HCP-liquids demonstrate good volumetric capacity and improved selectivity of carbon dioxide over *** appears to be enhanced by intramolecular swelling of the HCP-liquids at elevated pressures,while guests are strongly rejected from the HCP-liquids at slightly elevated temperatures,leading to highly efficient *** of adsorption and specific heat capacity of the HCP-liquids are also low,further suggesting favourable process *** being easily prepared at scale,the presented HCP-liquids represent a promising step towards a material with the requisite properties to replace conventional scrubbing solvents to drastically reduce the footprint and energy needs of gas separations.

关键词： hyper-crosslinked polymers swellable network efficient regeneration porous liquids gas sorption

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Stimulated Brillouin scattering in chiral photonic crystal fiber

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Photonics Research 2022年第3期10卷 711-718页

作者： Xinglin Zeng wenbin He Michael HFrosz Andreas Geilen paul Roth Gordon K.L.wong Philip St.j.Russell Birgit Stiller Max-Planck Institute for the Science of Light 91058 ErlangenGermany Department of Physics Friedrich-Alexander-Universität91058 ErlangenGermany

Stimulated Brillouin scattering(SBS)has many applications;for example,in sensing,microwave photonics,and signal ***,we report the first experimental study of SBS in chiral photonic crystal fiber(PCF),which displays optical activity and robustly maintains circular polarization states against external *** a result,circularly polarized pump light is cleanly backscattered into a Stokes signal with the orthogonal circular polarization state,as is required by angular momentum *** comparison,untwisted PCF generates a Stokes signal with an unpredictable polarization state,owing to its high sensitivity to external *** use chiral PCF to realize a circularly polarized continuous-wave Brillouin *** results pave the way for a new generation of stable circularly polarized SBS systems with applications in quantum manipulation,optical tweezers,optical gyroscopes,and fiber sensors.

关键词： polarization fiber scattering

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Growth trends and environmental drivers of major tree species of the northern hardwood forest of eastern North America

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journal of Forestry Research 2023年第1期34卷 37-50页

作者： Rebecca L.Stern paul G.Schaberg Shelly A.Rayback Christopher F.Hansen paula F.Murakami Gary j.Hawley Rubenstein School of Environment and Natural Resources The University of VermontBurlingtonVT 05405USA ERM MalvernPA 19355USA Forest Service United States Department of AgricultureNorthern Research StationBurlingtonVT 05405USA Department of Geography The University of VermontBurlingtonVT 05405USA

The future health and productivity of tree species in the northern hardwood forest of eastern North America are uncertain considering changes in climate and pollution loading *** better understand the trajectory of the northern hardwood forest,we studied the growth of three tree species emblematic of it:sugar maple(Acer saccharum Marsh),American beech(Fagus grandifolia Ehrh.),and yellow birch(Betula alleghaniensis Britton),plus a fourth species,red maple(Acer rubrum L.),whose abundance has increased in the *** also analyzed the link between growth and several factors for690 trees in 45 plots throughout Vermont,USA:tree age and size,site elevation,and climate and acid deposition *** their chronologies(1945-2014),all four species exhibited increasing growth followed by plateaued growth indicative of a maturing *** all species,summer moisture was positively correlated with growth,summer temperature was negatively associated with growth,and winter moisture or snow were positively correlated with *** last association was expected for sugar ***,our data suggest that winter snowpack may be more broadly relevant in sustaining tree growth in a region where snow has historically insulated the soil from freezing that can damage roots and lead to reduced aboveground *** of pollution deposition were also correlated with growth for all species except American beech—a species with documented tolerance to pollutant *** the four species studied,red maple had the fewest associations with environmental variables,which suggests that it may be less susceptible to growth reductions as the climate changes.

关键词： Climate change Sugar maple Yellow birch American beech Red maple

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Advances in newly developing therapy for chronic hepatitis C virus infection

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Frontiers of Medicine 2014年第2期8卷 166-174页

作者： paul j. Pockros Division of Gastro/Hepatology Scripps Clinic 10666 N Torrey Pines Road N203 La Jolla CA 92067 USA

Chronic hepatitis C virus （HCV） infection afflicts a reported 170 million people worldwide and is often complicated by cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Morbidity and mortality are decreased with the successful treatment of chronic HCV infection. Increased understanding of the HCV has allowed further development of new direct-acting antiviral （DAA） agents against the HCV and has also allowed the development of IFN-free oral treatment regimens. In late 2013 the first nucleotide polymerase inhibitor regimen with RBV alone for genotypes 2/3 and in combination with a 12-week regimen of PEG-IFN ＋ RBV for genotypes 1, 4 was approved for use in the US. A number of promising new DAA regimens which are IFN-free are in phase 3 development and the first will likely be approved for use in the US in 2014. The currently approved regimens are discussed in detail and currently available data on future regimens are reviewed herein.

关键词： direct-acting antiviral (DAA) nucleotide polymerase inhibitors protease inhibitors

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The Bemisia tabaci Species Complex:Questions to Guide Future Research

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journal of Integrative Agriculture 2012年第2期11卷 187-196页

作者： paul j De Barro CSIRO Ecosystem Sciences Brisbane QLD 4001Australia

Since 2007 we have began to consider the relationships between the different members of the Bemisia tabaci species complex in a more structured and systematic *** of these relationships has been infered from considerations of a portion of the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase one（mtCOI）*** this is a quite limited approach which would benefit from the consideration of a much greater diversity of genetic material,it is the only publically available data that spans the diversity of the species *** the limitations,the phylogenetic reconstruction that can be derived from this data is useful and can be used as a basis to frame questions and construct testable hypotheses that will form the basis for future *** study uses the largest available mtCOI dataset,consisting of 383 unique mtCOI haplotypes that spans the full diversity of the *** species complex as we currently know it,to make a range of observations which are then used to develop questions as guide for future research.

关键词： mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase one phylogenetic analysis

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