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Impacts of PI3K/protein kinase B pathway activation in reactive astrocytes: from detrimental effects to protective functions

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第4期20卷 1031-1041页

作者： ramón Pérez-Núñez María Fernanda González Ana María Avalos Lisette Leyton Cellular Communication Laboratory Programa de Biología Celular y MolecularCenter for Studies on ExerciseMetabolism and Cancer(CEMC)Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas(ICBM)Facultad de MedicinaUniversidad de ChileSantiagoChile Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases(ACCDis) Faculty of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences&Faculty of MedicineUniversidad de ChileSantiagoChile Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas Facultad de Ciencias de la SaludUniversidad Autónoma de ChileSantiagoChile

Astrocytes are the most abundant type of glial cell in the central nervous *** injury and inflammation,astrocytes become reactive and undergo morphological and functional *** on their phenotypic classification as A1 or A2,reactive astrocytes contribute to both neurotoxic and neuroprotective responses,***,this binary classification does not fully capture the diversity of astrocyte responses observed across different diseases and *** analysis has revealed that reactive astrocytes have a complex landscape of gene expression profiles,which emphasizes the heterogeneous nature of their *** actively participate in regulating central nervous system inflammation by interacting with microglia and other cell types,releasing cytokines,and influencing the immune *** phosphoinositide 3-kinase(PI3K)/protein kinase B(AKT)signaling pathway is a central player in astrocyte reactivity and impacts various aspects of astrocyte behavior,as evidenced by in silico,in vitro,and in vivo *** astrocytes,inflammatory cues trigger a cascade of molecular events,where nuclear factor-κB serves as a central mediator of the pro-inflammatory ***,we review the heterogeneity of reactive astrocytes and the molecular mechanisms underlying their *** highlight the involvement of various signaling pathways that regulate astrocyte reactivity,including the PI3K/AKT/mammalian target of rapamycin(mTOR),αvβ3 integrin/PI3K/AKT/connexin 43,and Notch/PI3K/AKT *** targeting the inactivation of the PI3K/AKT cellular signaling pathway to control reactive astrocytes and prevent central nervous system damage,evidence suggests that activating this pathway could also yield beneficial *** dual function of the PI3K/AKT pathway underscores its complexity in astrocyte reactivity and brain function *** review emphasizes the importance of employing astrocyte-exclusive models to underst

关键词： inflammation integrins neuroprotective neurotoxic phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase reactive astrocytes signal transduction Thy-1(CD90)

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Efficacy of antimicrobials in preventing resistance in solid organ transplant recipients:A systematic review of clinical trials

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World Journal of Transplantation 2025年第1期15卷 156-164页

作者： Carlos M Ardila Pradeep K Yadalam Jaime ram.rez-Arbelaez Department of Basic sciences Faculty of Dentistry Biomedical Stomatology Research GroupUniversidad de Antioquia U de AMedellín 0057Colombia Department of Postdoctoral Program CIFE University CenterCuernavaca 62330MorelosMexico Department of Periodontics Saveetha Dental CollegeSaveetha Institute of Medical and HealthSIMATSSaveetha UniversityChennai 600077Tamil NaduIndia Department of Transplantation Hospital San Vicente FundaciónRionegro 054047Colombia

BACKGROUND In the absence of effective antimicrobials,transplant surgery is not viable,and antirejection immunosuppressants cannot be administered,as resistant infections compromise the life-saving goal of organ *** To evaluate the efficacy of antimicrobials in preventing resistance in solid organ transplant *** A systematic review was conducted using a search methodology consistent with the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and *** review included randomized clinical trials that evaluated the efficacy of antimicrobial agents(prophylactic or therapeutic)aimed at preventing antimicrobial *** search strategy involved analyzing multiple databases,including PubMed/MEDLINE,Web of science,Embase,scopus,and sciELO,as well as examining gray literature sources on Google scholar.A comprehensive electronic database search was conducted from the databases’inception until May 2024,with no language *** After the final phase of the eligibility assessment,this systematic review ultimate-ly included 7 articles.A total of 2318 patients were *** most studied microorganisms were cytomegalovirus,although vancomycinresistant enterococci,Clostridioides difficile,and multidrug-resistant Enterobacterales were also *** antimicrobials used in the interventions were mainly maribavir,valganciclovir,gancic-lovir,and *** concern,all clinical trials showed significant proportions of resistant microorga-nisms after the interventions,with no statistically significant differences between the groups(mean resistance 13.47%vs 14.39%),except for two studies that demonstrated greater efficacy of maribavir and valganciclovir(mean resistance 22.2%vs 41.1%in the control group;Ps in three clinical trials were 75,and there were 24 graft rejections in two *** All clinical trials reported significant proportions of antimicrobial-resistant microor

关键词： Antimicrobial resistance Antimicrobials Antivirals solid organ transplant recipients Infections Microorganisms Cytomegalovirus

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From prediction to prevention:Machine learning revolutionizes hepatocellular carcinoma recurrence monitoring

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2024年第7期30卷 631-635页

作者： Mariana Michelle ram.rez-Mejía Nahum Méndez-sánchez Plan of Combined studies in Medicine Faculty of MedicineNational Autonomous University of MexicoDistrito Federal 04510Mexico Liver Research Unit Medica Sur Clinic&FoundationDistrito Federal 14050Mexico Faculty of Medicine National Autonomous University of MexicoDistrito Federal 04510Mexico

In this editorial,we comment on the article by Zhang et al entitled Development of a machine learning-based model for predicting the risk of early postoperative recurrence of hepatocellular *** carcinoma(HCC),which is characterized by high incidence and mortality rates,remains a major global health challenge primarily due to the critical issue of postoperative *** recurrence,defined as recurrence that occurs within 2 years posttreatment,is linked to the hidden spread of the primary tumor and significantly impacts patient *** predictive factors,including both patient-and treatment-related factors,have limited predictive ability with respect to HCC *** integration of machine learning algorithms is fueled by the exponential growth of computational power and has revolutionized HCC *** study by Zhang et al demonstrated the use of a groundbreaking preoperative prediction model for early postoperative HCC *** persist,including sample size constraints,issues with handling data,and the need for further validation and *** study emphasizes the need for collaborative efforts,multicenter studies and comparative analyses to validate and refine the *** these challenges and exploring innovative approaches,such as multi-omics integration,will enhance personalized oncology *** study marks a significant stride toward precise,efficient,and personalized oncology practices,thus offering hope for improved patient outcomes in the field of HCC treatment.

关键词： Hepatocellular carcinoma Early recurrence Machine learning XGBoost model Predictive precision medicine Clinical utility Personalized interventions

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Relationship between vegetation structure and microenvironment in Fagus grandifolia *** forest relicts in Mexico

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Journal of Plant Ecology 2018年第2期11卷 237-247页

作者： Ernesto ChRodríguez-ram.rez Arturo sánchez-González GregorioÁngeles-Pérez Laboratorio de Biogeografía y sistemática Facultad de CienciasUniversidad Nacional Autónoma de MéxicoCiudad de MéxicoMéxico Laboratorio de Ecología de Poblaciones Centro de Investigaciones BiológicasUniversidad Autónoma del Estado de HidalgoCiudad UniversitariaCarretera Pachuca-Tulancingo Km.4.5Mineral de la Reforma 42184Hidalgo Postgrado en Ciencias Forestales Colegio de PostgraduadosMontecillo 56230TexcocoEstado de MéxicoMéxico

Aims Changes in the structure and composition of forests,whether caused by natural or anthropic events,alter the microenviron-ment,sometimes *** the local environment has a direct impact on basic ecological processes,this has become a key component of *** beech forests(Fagus grandi-folia ***)in the sierra Madre Oriental are restricted to sites with specific climate,soils and topography,making them an ideal natural system for ecological *** objectives of this study were to identify the relationship between the microen-vironment and the tree and shrub structure and composition of Mexican beech forests in the state of Hidalgo,and to compare the floristic similarity of these forests on the country scale using data from seven *** specimens were collected for a period of one year at all locali-ties in the state of Hidalgo where beech forests are *** each locality,five 400 m2 plots were established,and structural attributes(basal area,coverage,density and species richness)and six environmental variables were measured in the *** relationship between structure and microenvironment was estimated by simple correlation and canonic correspondence analysis(CCA).in addition,floristic similarity between different beech forest localities in the sierra Madre Oriental was esti-mated by correspondence analysis(CA).Important Findings Twenty tree species and eight shrub species were identified;at all localities studied *** *** dominated the *** multivariate analysis indicated that(i)in the four localities in the state of Hidalgo,all microenvironmental variables except pH are related to the variation observed in species composition and structure;(ii)the El Gosco locality had both tree and shrub species and microenvironmental factors different from those observed in the Fagus forests at the other localities in the study and(iii)the localities studied in order to draw country-scale compa

关键词： Canonical correspondence analysis fagus forest floristic composition Mexico montane cloud forest richness

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Gastroenteritis in an adult female revealing hemolytic uremic syndrome: case report

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2018年第6期24卷 763-766页

作者： paulina Chinchilla-López Vania Cruz-ramón Oscar ram.rez-Pérez Nahum Méndez-sánchez Liver Research Unit Medica Sur Clinic and Foundation

Nowadays acute gastroenteritis infection caused by Escherichia coli(E. coli) O157:H7 is frequently associated with hemolytic uremic syndrome(HUs), which usually developed after prodromal diarrhea that is often bloody. The abdominal pain accompanied by failure kidney is a suspicious symptom to develop this disorder. Their pathological characteristic is vascular damage which manifested as arteriolar and capillary thrombosis with abnormalities in the endothelium and vessel walls. The major etiological agent of HUs is enterohemorragic(E coli) strain belonging to serotype O157:H7. The lack of papers about HUs associated to gastroenteritis lead us to report this case for explain the symptoms that are uncommon. Furthermore, this report provides some strategies to suspect and make an early diagnosis, besides treatment approach to improving outcomes and prognosis for patients with this disorder.

关键词： Gastroenteritis Gastrointestinal hemorrhage Hemolytic-uremic syndrome Escherichia coli O157 shiga-toxigenic Escherichia coli

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Liver transplantation for hilar cholangiocarcinoma

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2013年第48期19卷 9209-9215页

作者： Ricardo Robles Francisco sánchez-Bueno Pablo ram.rez Roberto Brusadin Pascual Parrilla Department of surgery and Liver and Pancreas transplantation Virgen de la Arrixaca Clinic and University Hospital E-30120 Murcia Spain

The most appropriate treatment for Klatskin tumor(KT)with a curative intention is multimodal therapy based on achieving resection with tumour-free margins(R0resections)combined with other types of neoadjuvant or adjuvant treatment(the most important factor affecting KT survival is the possibility of R0 resections,achieving 5-year survival rate of 40%-50%).Thirty to forty percent of patients with KT are inoperable and present a 5-year survival rate of 0%.In irresectable non-disseminated KT patients,using liver transplantation without neoadjuvant treatment,the 5-year survival rate increase to 38%,reaching 50%survival in early *** selected cases,with liver transplantation and neoadjuvant treatment(chemotherapy and radiotherapy),the actuarial survival rate is 65%at 5 years and 59%at 10 *** conclusion,correct staging,neoadjuvant treatment,living donor and priority on the liver transplant waiting list may lead to improved results.

关键词： Klatskin tumour Cholangiocarcinoma Liver transplantation Liver surgery Primary sclerosing cholangitis

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High Temperature Oxidation of a Work Roll Grade High-Chromium White Cast Iron

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Journal of Iron and steel Research International 2013年第10期20卷 122-129页

作者： J H ram.rez-ram.rez R Colás N F Garza-Montes-de-Oca Faculty of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering Autonomous University of Nuevo Leon

High-chromium white cast iron is a common material for the manufacture of the work rolls used in the fin- ishing stands in hot strip mills. The high temperature oxidation behaviour of as-cast and heat-treated high-chromium white cast iron was studied by gravimetric means at 650 ℃ in atmospheres that included dry air and a mixture of dry air and water vapour. For both environmental and material conditions, the oxidation rate of the alloys was represen ted by parabolic trends and the oxidation phenomenon was more obvious when the samples were oxidised in water vapour. Water vapour also influenced the chemical composition of the oxides formed in the alloy and under this condi tion, the oxide scale formed on the alloy contained the oxides FeCr2O4 , （Fe,Cr）3O4 and （Fe,Cr）2 O3. In contrast, the alloys exposed to dry air conditions only experienced the formation of FeCr2O4 and （Fe,Cr）2O3. It was found that the presence of water vapour and the chromium content of the alloys increased the oxidation rate by a mechanism that involved chromium depletion of the oxide as a result of hydroxide formation. The differences observed in the oxi- dation behaviour of the alloy are discussed in terms of the composition of the oxidant atmosphere and the metallurgi cal condition of the specimens.

关键词： white cast iron oxidation water vapour work roll

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Tropical ash(Fraxinus udhei)invading Andean forest remnants in Northern south America

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Ecological Processes 2018年第1期7卷 152-164页

作者： Kelly A.saavedra-ram.rez AndrésEtter Alberto ram.rez Depa rtamento de Ecologia y Territoto Pontificia Universidad averianaBogotaColomba

Introduction:Exotic invasive species represent a major driver of the loss of biological diversity and services provided by ecosystems *** important cause of species becoming invasive is the development of commercial afforestation projects using fast-growing and adaptable exotic species,which may become invasive impacting natural *** tropical ash(Fraxinus uhdei),native to México,has been widely introduced to Colombia and other countries for timber,live fences,and urban *** is now common in many areas of the tropical mountains and has been observed expanding into native forests in *** study examined the invasion pattern and the demographic structure of tropical ash in remnant Andean forests in Colombia,to find out factors associated with the invasion *** analysis took into account biotic and physical factors:distance to propagule source,vegetation cover types,and understory and canopy ***:Although the reproductive strategy of the tropical ash is of“r”type with low survival rates,the results show evidence for an active process of invasion characterized by an aggregated distribution pattern dominated by seedlings and juvenile *** study shows the existence of an interaction between the distance to propagule source and the vegetation cover,which has an additive effect on the demographic structure of the ***:This study suggests an active invasion process by the exotic tree tropical ash into a remnant of sub-humid forests in the Andean *** results showed an expanding population process with a decreasing average age from propagule sources and mature reproductive individuals within the native forest,which bring new individuals that are colonizing new areas and advancing into the *** research points to the need for urgent plant intervention on two aspects:the use of the tropical ash and the management of the invasion process in native forests.

关键词： Andean forest Demographic structure Fraxinus uhdei Exotic species Plant biological invasions Invasion pattern

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solution of the Center Problem for a Class of Polynomial Differential systems

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Acta Mathematica sinica,English series 2024年第7期40卷 1685-1696页

作者： Chang Jian Liu Jaume Llibre Rafael ram.rez Valentín ram.rez school of Mathematics(Zhuhai) Sun Yat-sen UniversityZhuhai519086P.R.China Departament de Matemàtiques Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona08193BellaterraBarcelonaCataloniaSpain Departament d’Enginyeria Informàtica i Matemàtiques Universitat Rovira i VirgiliAvinguda dels Paiïsos Catalans 2643007TarragonaCataloniaSpain

Consider the polynomial differential system of degree m of the form x=-y(1+μ(a_(2)x-a_(1)y))+x(v(a_(1)x+a_(2)y)+Ω_(m-1)(x,y)),y=x(1+μ(a_(2)x-a_(1)y))+y(v(a_(1)x+a_(2)y)+Ω_(m-1)(x,y)),whereμandνare real numbers such that(μ^(2)+v^(2))(μ+v(m-2))(a_(1)^(2)+a_(2)^(2))≠m>2 andΩ_(m−1)(x,y)is a homogenous polynomial of degree m−1.A conjecture,stated in *** Equations 2019,suggests that whenν=1,this differential system has a weak center at the origin if and only if after a convenient linear change of variable(x,y)→(X,Y)the system is invariant under the transformation(X,Y,t)→(−X,Y,−t).For every degree m we prove the extension of this conjecture to any value ofνexcept for a finite set of values ofμ.

关键词： Center problem polynomial differential system

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Flight feather moult in Western Marsh Harriers during autumn migration

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Avian Research 2019年第1期10卷 30-35页

作者： Juan ram.rez Michele Panuccio MEDRAPTORs(Mediterranean Raptor Migration Network) DsTA-Department of Earth and Environmental sciences University of Pavia

Background:Most of long-distance migratory raptors suspend moult during migration but detailed information is patchy for most of the Palearctic *** aim of this research is to verify if active moulting in migrating Western Marsh Harriers occurs and to quantify the extent of moulting along the season focusing on primary ***:During a whole post-breeding migration at the strait of Messina in southern Italy,we gathered information about symmetrical flight feather moult from 221 adults by taking pictures of raptors passing at close ***:We found active moulting primaries during autumn migration in 48.4% of our *** differences on the extension and timing among sex classes were recorded during the season,with adult females showing a more advanced moult stage than adult ***:The finding that the extension of the suspended moult was already defined in migratory individuals might be explained as an adaptation to minimize the energy required for moulting during migration.

关键词： Migration Moult Primary feather Raptors Western Marsh Harrier

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