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A Host KH rNA-Binding Protein Is a Susceptibility Factor Targeted by an rXLr Effector to Promote Late Blight Disease

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Molecular Plant 2015年第9期8卷 1385-1395页

作者： Xiaodan Wang Petra Boevink Hazel McLellan Miles Armstrong Tatyana Bukh-arova Zhiwei Qin paul r.j. birch Horticultural College Northeast Agricultural University No. 59 Mucai Road Harbin 150030 China Cell and Molecular Sciences James Hutton Institute Errol Road Invergowrie Dundee DD2 5DA UK Division of Plant Sciences College of Ufe Sciences University of Dundee (at JHI) Errol Road Invergowrie Dundee DD2 5DA UK Virus-free Seedling research Institute of Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences No. 368 Xuefu Road Harbin 150086 China These authors contributed equatly to this article.

Plant pathogens deliver effector proteins that alter host processes to create an environment conducive to colonization. Attention has focused on identifying the targets of effectors and how their manipulation facil- itates disease. rXLr effector Pi04089 from the potato blight pathogen Phytophthora infestans accumu- lates in the host nucleus and enhances colonization when transiently expressed in planta. Its nuclear local- ization is required for enhanced P. infestans colonization. Pi04089 interacts in yeast and in planta with a putative potato K-homology （KH） rNA-binding protein, StKrBPI. Co-localization of Pi04089 and StKrBP1, and bimolecular fluorescence complementation between them, indicate they associate at nuclear speckles. StKrBP1 protein levels increased when it was co-expressed with Pi04089. Indeed, such accumu- lation of StKrBP1 was observed also on the first day of leaf colonization by the pathogen. remarkably, overexpression of StKrBP1 significantly enhances P. infestans infection. Mutation of the nucleotide- binding motif GxxG to GDDG in all three KH domains of StKrBP1 abolishes its interaction with Pi04089, its localization to nuclear speckles, and its increased accumulation when co-expressed with the effector. Moreover, the mutant StKrBP1 protein no longer enhances leaf colonization by P. infestans, implying that nucleotide binding is likely required for this activity. We thus argue that StKrBP1 can be regarded as a sus- ceptibility factor, as its activity is beneficial to the pathogen.

关键词： effector-triggered susceptibility oomycete plant disease late blight

Oomycetes Seek Help from the Plant：Phytophthora infestans Effectors Target Host Susceptibility Factors

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Molecular Plant 2016年第5期9卷 636-638页

作者： Petra C. Boevink Hazel McLellan Eleanor M. Gilroy Shaista Naqvi Qin He Lina Yang Xiaodan Wang Dionne Turnbull Miles r. Armstrong Zhendong Tian paul r.j. birch Cell and Molecular Science James Hutton Institute(JHI) InvergowrieDundee DD2 5DA UK Division of Plant Science College of Life Science University of Dundee(at JHI) Invergowrie Dundee DD2 5DA UK Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology Huazhong Agricultural University Wuhan Hubei 430070 China Fujian Key Laboratory of Plant Virology Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University Fuzhou 350002 China Virus-free Seedling research Institute of Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences 368 Xuefu Road Harbin 150086 China

Plants have a sophisticated immune system to defend against a wide range of invaders,including insects,nematodes,bacteria,oomycetes,fungi,and *** may manipulate or suppress immunity by delivering effector proteins,either to the inside or outside of plant *** attention has been focused on identifying the targets of effector proteins in the host and on characterizing how effector activities suppress immunity.

关键词： Oomycetes Phytophthora Susceptibility

Surface engineering with ionic polymers on membranes for boron removal

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Frontiers of Chemical Science and Engineering 2024年第5期18卷 61-69页

作者： Xiting Zhang Chenyi Fang j paul Chen Sui Zhang Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering National University of SingaporeSingapore 117576Singapore Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering National University of SingaporeSingapore 119260Singapore College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering Shenzhen UniversityShenzhen 518060China

removal of boric acid from seawater and wastewater using reverse osmosis membrane technologies is imperative and yet remains inadequately addressed by current commercial *** research efforts performed post-modification of reverse osmosis membranes to enhance boron r.j.ction,which is usually accompanied by substantial sacrifice in water *** study delves into the surface engineering of low-pressure reverse osmosis membranes,aiming to elevate boron removal efficiency while maintaining optimal salt r.j.ction and water *** were modified by the self-polymerization and co-deposition of dopamine and polystyrene sulfonate at varying ratios and *** surfaces became smoother and more hydrophilic after *** optimum membrane exhibited a water permeability of 9.2±0.1 L·m^(-2)·h^(-1)·bar^(-1),NaCl r.j.ction of 95.8%±0.3%,and boron r.j.ction of 49.7%±0.1% and 99.6%±0.3% at neutral and alkaline pH,*** water permeability is reduced by less than 15%,while the boron r.j.ction is 3.7 times higher compared to the blank *** research provides a promising avenue for enhancing boron removal in reverse osmosis membranes and addressing water quality concerns in the desalination process.

关键词： membrane low-pressure reverse osmosis boron surface engineering

A vectorial model for the nonlinear gradient force exerted on metallic rayleigh nanoparticles

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Chinese Optics Letters 2024年第2期22卷 207-213页

作者：朱政张聿全闵长俊 Aurèle j.LAdam H.paul Urbach 袁小聪 research Center for Humanoid Sensing Research Institute of Intelligent SensingZhejiang LabHangzhou 311100China Nanophotonics research Center Institute of Microscale Optoelectronics&State Key Laboratory of Radio Frequency Heterogeneous IntegrationShenzhen UniversityShenzhen 518060China Optics research Group ImPhys DepartmentFaculty of Applied SciencesDelft University of TechnologyDelft 2628 CJThe Netherlands

Optical tweezers have proved to be a powerful tool with a wide range of *** gradient force plays a vital role in the stable optical trapping of *** scalar method is convenient and effective for analyzing the gradient force in traditional optical ***,when the third-order nonlinear effect of the nano-object is stimulated,the scalar method cannot adequately present the optical response of the metal nanoparticle to the external optical ***,we propose a theoretical model to interpret the nonlinear gradient force using the vector *** combining the optical Kerr effect,the polarizability vector of the metallic nanoparticle is derived.A quantitative analysis is obtained for the gradient force as well as for the optical potential *** vector method yields better agreement with reported experimental *** suggest that this method could lead to a deeper understanding of the physics relevant to nonlinear optical trapping and binding phenomena.

关键词： gradient forces nonlinear effect metallic nanoparticles

Quasi-static and dynamic compressive behaviour of additively manufactured Menger fractal cube structures

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Defence Technology（防务技术） 2024年第7期37卷 39-49页

作者： Damith Mohotti Dakshitha Weerasinghe Madhusha Bogahawaththa Hongxu Wang Kasun Wijesooriya paul jHazell School of Engineering and Technology UNSWCanberraACT2600Australia School of Civil Mining and Environmental EngineeringFaculty of Engineering and Information SciencesUniversity of WollongongWollongongNSWAustralia

This paper presents the first-ever investigation of Menger fractal cubes'quasi-static compression and impact *** cubes with different void ratios were 3D printed using polylactic acid(PLA)with dimensions of 40 mm×40 mm×40 *** different orders of Menger cubes with different void ratios were considered,namely M1 with a void ratio of 0.26,M2 with a void ratio of 0.45,and M3with a void ratio of ***-static Compression tests were conducted using a universal testing machine,while the drop hammer was used to observe the behaviour under impact *** fracture mechanism,energy efficiency and force-time histories were *** the structured nature of the void formation and predictability of the failure modes,the Menger geometry showed some promise compared to other alternatives,such as foams and *** the increasing void ratio,the Menger geometries show force-displacement behaviour similar to hyper-elastic materials such as rubber and *** third-order Menger cubes showed the highest energy absorption efficiency compared to the other two geometries in this *** findings of the present work reveal the possibility of using additively manufactured Menger geometries as an energy-efficient system capable of reducing the transmitting force in applications such as crash barriers.

关键词： Additive manufacturing Fractal geometries Menger cube Energy absorption Quasi-static

Music alters heart rate and psychological responses but not muscle activation during light-intensity isometric exercise

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Sports Medicine and Health Science 2024年第4期6卷 394-401页

作者： Andrew r.Moore jasmin C.Hutchinson Christa Winter paul C.Dalton Lori A.Bolgla Vincent j.Paolone Department of Kinesiology Augusta University112015th St.AugustaGA30912USA Department of Exercise Science&Athletic Training Springfield College263 Alden St.SpringfieldMA01109USA Department of Psychology Springfield College263 Alden St.SpringfieldMA01109USA Heart&Vascular Institute Penn State College of MedicinePenn State University500 HMC Crescent RoadNorth Lobby HersheyPA17033USA Department of Physical Therapy Augusta University112015th St.AugustaGA30912USA

Listening to music manipulates attention to be more externally focused,which has the potential to improve muscular *** study aimed to determine the effect of listening to music on muscle activation during an isometric exercise task,and compare this effect to those of other attentional focus *** healthy subjects(n=35;16 men/19 women)completed an isometric elbow flexion task for 1 min in three randomized and counterbalanced conditions:internal focus(INT),external focus with a simple distraction task(EXT),or listening to music(MUS).Muscle activation of the biceps and triceps brachii and heart rate(Hr)were recorded throughout the exercise *** of perceived exertion(rPE),affective valence,and motivation were measured at the end of each *** was no difference in muscle activation measures among the three *** during MUS was lower than EXT at 15 s([89.4±11.8]beats/min vs.[93.1±12.9]beats/min;p=0.018)and 30 s([90.6±12.4]beats/min vs.[94.2±12.5]beats/min;p=0.026),and lower than INT at 60 s([93.3±13.3]beats/min vs.[96.7±12.0]beats/min;p=0.016).Overall rPE was higher for INT(13.4±2.2)than for MUS([12.6±2.0];p=0.020)and EXT([11.94±2.22];pr for MUS than for INT([2.7±1.4]vs.[2.1±1.5];p=0.011).Manipulating attentional focus did not alter muscle activation for a light-intensity isometric muscular endurance task,though MUS was reported as more positive and requiring less exertion to complete than *** music can therefore be recommended during light-intensity isometric exercise based on the psychological benefits observed.

关键词： Electromyography Attentional focus rating of perceived exertion Elbow flexion

Effects of pyrethroid and organophosphate insecticides on reared black soldier fly larvae(Hermetia illucens)

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Insect Science 2024年第3期31卷 817-834页

作者： Nathan Meijer Lisa Zoet Theo de r.j. paul Zomer Deborah rjkers H.j.van der Fels-Klerx joop j.A.van Loon Wageningen Food Safety research(WFSr) Part of Wageningen University and ResearchWageningenThe Netherlands Bestico B.V. Industrieweg 6Berkel en RodenrjsThe Netherlands Plant Sciences Group Laboratory of EntomologyWageningen UniversityWageningenTheNetherlands

Black soldier fly larvae(Hermetia illucens)receive growing interest as a potential alternative animal feed *** insects may be exposed to insecticide residues in the rearing *** study aimed to investigate the effects of six different pyrethroid and organophosphate insecticides on this insect species'*** toxicity of two"model"substances for each of these classes(cypermethrin;pirimiphosmethyl)was quantified,with and without the synergist piperonyl butoxide(PBO).Critical effect doses corresponding to 10%yield(CED10)for cypermethrin(0.4 mg/kg)and pirimiphos-methyl(4.8 mg/kg)were *** addition of PBO to cypermethrin enhanced its relative potency with a factor *** data were compared against the relative toxicity of two analogue substances in each class(permethrin,deltamethrin;chlorpyrifosmethyl,malathion).results suggest that exposure to concentrations complying with legal limits can cause significant reductions in *** to multiple substances at lower concentrations resulted in negative additive and synergistic *** the tested substances,deltamethrin was most toxic,causing 94%yield at 0.5 mg/*** results suggested that transfer of tested substances to the larval biomass was substance-and concentration-specific,but appeared to be correlated to reduced yields and the presence of *** of organophosphates was overall low(ranged from 8%to 75%for *** to very low limits in insect biomass(~0.01 mg/kg),high transfer may result in *** is recommended that rearing companies implement lower contractual thresholds,and that policymakers consider adjusting legally allowed maximum residue levels in insect feed.

关键词： feed insects pesticides rearing substrate

Long-term Integration Ability of the Submillimeter Wave Astronomy Satellite(SWAS)Spectral Line receivers

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research in Astronomy and Astrophysics 2024年第6期24卷 315-322页

作者： Bing-ru Wang Di Li paul F.Goldsmith jingwen Wu Chao-Wei Tsai rudolf Schieder Gary j.Melnick National Astronomical Observatories Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China research Center for Astronomical Computing Zhejiang LaboratoryHangzhou 311100China jet Propulsion Laboratory California Institute of TechnologyPasadenaCA 91109USA Institute for Frontiers in Astronomy and Astrophysics Beijing Normal UniversityBeijing 102206China KOSMA I.Physik.InstitutUniversität zu KölnZülpicher Str.7750937 KölnGermany Center for Astrophysics|Harvard&Smithsonian 60 Garden StreetMS 66CambridgeMA 02138USA

The Submillimeter Wave Astronomy Satellite(SWAS)was the first space telescope capable of high spectral resolution observations of terahertz spectral *** have investigated the integration ability of its two receivers and spectrometer during five and a half years of on-orbit *** CI,O_(2),H_(2)O,and^(13)CO spectra taken toward all observed Galactic sources were *** present results are based on spectra with a total integration time of up to 2.72×10~4hr(■10~8s).The noise in the spectra is generally consistent with that expected from the radiometer equation,without any sign of approaching a noise *** noise performance reflects the extremely stable performance of the passively cooled front end as well as other relevant components in the SWAS instrument throughout its mission lifetime.

关键词： telescopes space vehicles:instruments instrumentation:miscellaneous ISM:lines and bands

Legal and Ethical Perspectives on Artificial Intelligence

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International relations and Diplomacy 2024年第4期12卷 139-146页

作者： paul j.Morrow Husson University BangorUSA

People are enormously nervous about Artificial *** many are constructive and want to move forward,many want more answers from a business perspective,a legal perspective,and an economic *** today,another class action lawsuit was filed in *** paper will address concerns and hopefully help you understand Artificial Intelligence *** these perspectives,you may decide how you feel and think about Artificial Intelligence based on the information presented in this paper and other research.

关键词： artificial intelligence hallucinations privacy data analytics