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Actors of Psychoactive Drug Initiation among Adolescents in Yaoundé-Cameroon

Open Journal of Pediatrics 2024年第2期14卷 246-254页

作者： Claude-Audrey Meguieze Atabe Ngwene Neri Ngole Georges Eric Nseme Etouckey paul olivier koki ndombo Department of Pediatrics Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences University of Yaoundé I Yaoundé Cameroon Department of Morphologic Sciences Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences University of Yaoundé I Yaoundé Cameroon

Introduction: Actors of psychoactive drug initiation refer to those who introduce others to psychoactive drug use (initiators) and those who are introduced to psychoactive drugs (users). By identifying their features, better prevention and intervention programs can be developed to reduce psychoactive drug use among adolescents. This article describes the role of actors of psychoactive drug initiation among teenagers in secondary schools in Yaoundé (Cameroon). Methodology: A cross sectional study was carried out in twelve secondary schools in Yaoundé from October 2022 to May 2023. Adolescents from Form four to upper sixth, who assented to participate in the study and received parental consent were included. Data were collected in a structured self-reported questionnaire and analyzed using SPSS 23. Quantitative variables were expressed using means, standard deviations, median and interquartile ranges depending on the distribution of data. Qualitative variables were expressed in the form of frequency and percentages. Results: Drug use was more prevalent among male adolescents (55.3%) from nuclear families (91.4%) who received relatively high pocket money. The main sources of drug exposure were non-family members (49.7%), especially friends outside school. The most frequent place of initiation was snack bars (33.1%). Conclusion: The study revealed the importance of the family, friends and leisure places in the initiation process of drug use in teenagers. Based on these results, parents and school authorities should work together to create a safe and supportive environment that fosters communication, education to prevent drug abuse among adolescents in Yaoundé.

关键词： Initiators Drug Users Adolescents Cameroon

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Actors of Psychoactive Drug Initiation among Adolescents in Yaoundé-Cameroon

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Open Journal of Pediatrics（儿科学期刊） 2024年第2期 246页

作者： Claude-Audrey Meguieze Atabe Ngwene Neri Ngole Georges Eric Nseme Etouckey paul olivier koki ndombo

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Comparison of the Clinical Profile and Severity Factors of COVID-19 during the First 4 Waves in a Paediatric Population of Yaounde

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Open Journal of Pediatrics 2023年第1期13卷 125-137页

作者： Jocelyn Tony Nengom Suzanne Sap Ngo Um Louis Serge Tang Nlend Bonaventure Hollong Jeannette Epée Ngoué paul olivier koki ndombo Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences Department of Pediatrics University of Yaounde I Yaounde Cameroon Mother and Child Center of Chantal Biya’s Foundation Yaounde Cameroon Specialized Center for COVID-19 Patients Annex Number II of the Yaounde Central Hospital (ORCA) Yaounde Cameroon

Introduction: COVID-19 is an infectious disease that has been causing a global pandemic since 2019. Although clinical forms are generally less severe in children than in adults, children nevertheless present polymorphous clinical forms and severe cases that can lead to death. Objective: To describe the clinical presentations found in the different waves of COVID-19, and to highlight the different factors of severity. Materials and Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study with retrospective and prospective data collection which lasted 7 months (from November 2021 to June 2022) and covered a study period from 6 March 2020 to 22 June 2022, i.e. 27 months. All patients aged 0 to 18 years, suspected of having COVID-19, confirmed by real-time RT-PCR or an antigenic Rapid Diagnostic Test or antibody were included. These patients were to be managed in the Mother and Child Centre of the Chantal Biya Foundation, as well as in the Specialised Centre for the Management of COVID patients, annex number II of the Yaoundé Central Hospital. The results were analysed using IBM SPSS.23 software. Results: We included 163 patients in our study. No paediatric patients were registered during the 3rd wave. The mean age of the patients in the study population was 13 ± 5 years with extremes from 15 days to 18 years. We had a female predominance with a sex ratio of 0.83. The most common comorbidity was asthma. The first wave presented mainly with respiratory symptoms such as dry cough and signs of respiratory distress. The second wave presented mainly with digestive symptoms such as diarrhoea, abdominal pain and vomiting. The fourth wave presented with ENT signs such as sore throat, and rhinorrhea. Factors associated with severity were mainly age less than five years (OR = 17.69), vomiting (OR = 6.50), presence of comorbidities (OR = 3.39), and alteration of vital parameters such as bradypnoea (OR = 19.68), bradycardia (OR = 6.34), tachycardia (OR = 3.73), oxygen saturation Co

关键词： COVID-19 Children Waves Clinical Profile Severity Cameroon

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Associated Factors to Immunization Timeliness and Completion in Preterm and Low Birth Weight Infants at Essos Hospital Center Yaounde

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Open Journal of Pediatrics 2021年第1期11卷 9-18页

作者： Marie Kouya Annie Carole Nga Motaze Jeannette Epée Ngoue Arsène Brunelle Sandie paul olivier koki ndombo Anne Esther Njom Nlend Higher Institute of Medical Technology Nkolondom University of Douala Douala Cameroon Essos Hospital Centre Unit of Neonatology Yaoundé Cameroon Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences University of Yaounde 1 Yaoundé Cameroon Pan African University of Nairobi Nairobi Kenya

Introduction: Vaccination is very often delayed in premature and low birth weight infants. However, timely vaccination is even more important in this population because of their increased susceptibility to infection. Objective: To assess immunization practice and factors associated with vaccine promptness and completeness in former preterm and low-birth-weight infants. Methods: We conducted a retrospective analytical cross-sectional study (January 2017 to February 2019). Main Measurement: Promptness and completeness at each contact, Statistical analysis was performed using R software version 3.6.2, logistic regression was used to estimate the Odds Ratio (OR) and their 95% Confidence Interval (CI). Results: We recruited 310 children aged 12 to 36 months born before 37 weeks with low birth weight, 163 (52.6%) of whom were female. Two hundred and fifty-three had received the vaccines at the indicated age, with promptness rate of 81.6%, and 97.7% had completed routine immunization at 9 months. The mean age at vaccination initiation was 6 days ± Prematurity Low Birth Weight Immunization Timeliness Completion

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Factors Associated with Aseptic Osteonecrosis in Hospital Settings in Yaounde, Cameroon

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Open Journal of Rheumatology and Autoimmune Diseases 2015年第1期5卷 12-16页

作者： Madeleine Singwé-Ngandeu Amina Al-Maye Bit Younouss Bernard Chetcha Chemeni Ibrahima Farikou Magloire Biwole Sida paul olivier koki ndombo Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences The University of Yaounde I Yaounde Cameroon Rheumatology Unit Yaounde Central Hospital Yaounde Cameroon

Introduction: Osteonecrosis is the cellular death of the various components of bone. It mostly affects the femoral head, and its real incidence is unknown. Many causative factors may be involved in its genesis. In Sub-Saharan Africa, it affects mainly young patients and the S and C hemoglobinopathies are the most affected backgrounds. Objective: To determine factors associated with aseptic osteonecrosis of the femoral head in hospital settings in Yaounde, Cameroon. Methodology: It was a cross-sectional multicentric study on 29,474 files of black Cameroonian patients seen during consultation or admission, within a five-year period, carried at the Central Hospital, the National Center for Rehabilitation of Handicaped Persons and at the FROT Clinic in Yaounde, Cameroon. Files of patients with aseptic osteonecrosis of the femoral head (1 file = 1 patient) were enrolled. The diagnosis was retained solely based on clinical and radiologic criteria. Magnetic resonance imaging, tomodencitometry and/or bone scintigraphy were also considered when available. Classification of lesions obeyed Ficat-Arlet criteria. Patients’ files with little information and hip diseases other than aseptic osteonecrosis were excluded. Results: Fifty-one cases (0.17%) of aseptic osteonecrosis were recruited;among them, there are 28 males (55%) and 23 females (45%). Their mean age was 38.9 ± 16.4 years (extremes: 7 and 78 years). Those aged 21 to 30 years represented 25.5% of cases. Pain and loss of function were present in all patients. The lesion occurred in the right hip in 22 cases (41.1%), and left hip in 13 cases (25.5%);16 patients (31.4%) had both hip affected. X-ray was performed for all patients. Radiologic lesions were at Stage IV in 2 cases (3.9%), III for 44 cases (86.3%), and II in 5 cases (9.8%). Factors associated with aseptic osteonecrosis were observed in 29 patients and their frequencies were as follows: sickle cell disease: n = 12 (25.3%);trauma: n = 10 (19.6%);alcoholism: n = 3

关键词： Osteonecrosis Sickle Cell Disease Risk Factor Femoral Head

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Evaluation of Procedural Pain in Neonates in Cameroon

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Open Journal of Pediatrics 2024年第3期14卷 568-578页

作者： Claude-Audrey Meguieze Rose Bidias Etouckey Georges Eric Nseme koki ndombo paul olivier Pediatrics Department Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences University of Yaounde I Yaounde Cameroon Morphologic Sciences Department Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences University of Yaounde I Yaounde Cameroon

Introduction: Acute pain associated with caregiving is a major cause of pain among neonates. Left untreated, it can lead to long-term neurosensory and psychoaffective consequences. In Cameroon, this subject has been scarcely explored, thus constituting an impediment to the management of care-induced pain. Objective: Assess procedural pain in neonates in Yaoundé. Material and Methods: We conducted a cross sectional study with prospective data collection over a period of eight months (October 2022 to May 2023) in three hospitals. We included neonates who were being cared for and were not crying prior to the onset of healthcare, whose parents consented to the study. Assessments were done using the DAN scale, which is specific to care-induced pain. Data was entered and analyzed using SPSS 23.0 software. Results: A total of 161 newborns were included. The hospital prevalence of care-induced pain in neonates was 85%. Neonatal sepsis was the main cause for admission (96.6%). The most common procedures were venous blood sampling (94.4%) and insertion of peripheral venous lines (93.8%). The pain intensity for these procedures was severe (83.9%). The most painful procedure was lumbar tap, followed by venous access procedures. Conclusion: Neonates in hospitals are subjected to many painful procedures. The pain experienced during these procedures is severe. The most nociceptive procedure is a lumbar puncture.

关键词： Assessment Procedural Pain Neonate Yaoundé Cameroon

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Outcome of Very Premature Newborns in a Referral Hospital in a Resource-Limited Setting

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Open Journal of Pediatrics 2023年第6期13卷 934-946页

作者： Diomede Noukeu Njinkui Dominique Enyama Yolande Djike Fokam Victorine Eyidi Pongo Charlotte Eposse Ekoube Arielle Annick Sime Tchouamo paul olivier koki ndombo Daniele-Christiane Kedy Koum Faculty of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences University of Dschang Dschang Cameroon Douala Gynaeco-Obstetric and Pediatric Hospital Douala Cameroon Faculty of Health Sciences University of Buea Buea Cameroon Faculty of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences University of Douala Douala Cameroon Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences University of Yaoundé I Yaoundé Cameroon

Background: In Cameroon, prematurity is considered among the first cause of neonatal mortality and the main cause of sequelae in children under 5 years old. Although some local teams have studied the causes of neonatal deaths, the survival of the very preterm babies in our context remains poorly known. Patients and Methods: We conducted a hospital-based cross-sectional study with both a retrospective and prospective data collection, covering a period of 5 years and 8 months, including 120 participants who presented with very preterm birth. Socio-demographic, anamnestic, and outcome features were studied. The assessment of the child’s psychomotor development was evaluated trough gross motor skills, fine motor skills, language and social contact. We calculated the development quotient (DQ) by dividing the developmental age (DA) by the actual age (RA) of the patient. Qualitative variables were expressed as numbers and percentages and quantitative variables as means ± standard deviations. Results: At the clinic, 23.8% of the children developed cerebral palsy, 3.1% had cerebral palsy with mental delay, and 6.6% had praxis disorders. Hearing impairment was observed in 6.3% of the survivors, visual impairment in 9%, and swallowing disorders in 7.6%. The mean developmental quotient was (89.98 ± 19.7) with a median of 93. A delay in developmental milestones was observed in 10.8%, speech disorder in 57%, severe malnutrition in 7.7%. The mortality rate was 48.5%. Conclusion: Very preterm birth is associated with a higher risk of neonatal death. Cognitive and motor disorders should not be underestimated. The harmonised management of very premature babies is highly recommended in our context for early diagnosis of sequelae.

关键词： Very Preterm Birth Cerebral Palsy Psychomotor Development Sensory Development

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Pediatric Nephrotic Syndrome in a Cameroonian Cohorte: The Beast to Slaughter

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Open Journal of Nephrology 2024年第3期14卷 386-396页

作者： Maimouna Mahamat Kalla Claude Diya Rahinatou Epee Ngoue Jeannette Gamarko Sossal Ousmane Kaze Folefack François koki ndombo paul olivier Department of Internal Medicine and Specialties Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences University of Yaound 1 Yaound Cameroon Haemodialysis Unit Yaound General Hospital Yaound Cameroon Department of Pediatrics Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences University of Yaound 1 Yaound Cameroon Hemodialysis Department University Teaching Hospital Yaound Cameroon Mother and Child Center of Chantal Biyas Foundation Yaound Cameroon

Background: Idiopathic nephrotic syndrome (INS) is a frequent pathology in children. There is little data on the future of NS in children in sub-Saharan Africa, particularly Cameroon. The aim of our study is to report the prognosis of children treated for nephrotic syndrome in the city of Yaoundé. Method: This was an analytical cross-sectional study with retrospective collection in 4 reference hospitals in the Cameroonian capital over a period of five years from January 1, 2018 to December 31, 2022. We included all medical records of patients treated for idiopathic INS. We excluded incomplete records and those with a history of chronic kidney disease. The sociodemographic, clinical, paraclinical, and therapeutic data, as well as the short-term evolution were collected in the files. Data was analysed using the software statistical package for social sciences version 25.0. Statistical significance was set at a p-value Results: A total of 131 children (58% boys) were included in our study over a period of 5 years. The median age was 8 [6 - 11] years. Median proteinuria was 5 g/24h [3 - 8.4], median serum protein was 39 [34 - 46] g/l and median estimated glomerular filtration rate was 130.36 [68 - 174.6] ml/min/1.73m2. During steroid therapy, 45.07% were in partial remission at 2 months, 16.9% were in complete remission at 4 and 6 months, and 37.25% had relapsed. Steroid sensitivity was reported in 28.17% of cases, steroid resistance in 64.78% of cases and steroid dependent in 7.04% of cases. The mortality rate was 12.97%. Survival time averaged 48.2 months, with an overall crude survival rate of 99.2% at 3 and 6 months and 98.4% at 1 year. Regarding renal survival, renal function was impaired in 8.33% of patients at 6 months and 9% at 12 months. Conclusion: Idiopathic nephrotic syndrome is a common disease in children. Its evolution depends on corticosteroid therapy. The long-term prognosis is dominated by the risk of progression to end-stage kidney disease or even dea

关键词： Idiopathic Nephrotic Syndrome Outcome Mortality End-Stage Kidney Disease Children Cameroon

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Neurodevelopmental Outcome of Newborns Aged More than 34 Weeks Gestational Age Managed for Birth Asphyxia in Douala (Cameroon): A Single Hospital-Based Study

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Open Journal of Pediatrics 2023年第6期13卷 838-851页

作者： Diomède Noukeu Njinkui Dominique Enyama Yolande Djike Fokam Danie L. Nanga Mewolo Christelle Annick Ngo Kana Sylvain Raoul Simeni Njonnou Charlotte Eposse Ekoube Arielle Annick Sime Tchouamo paul olivier koki ndombo Danièle-Christiane Kedy Koum Faculty of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences University of Dschang Dschang Cameroon Douala Gynaeco-Obstetric and Pediatric Hospital Douala Cameroon Faculty of Health Sciences University of Buea Buea Cameroon Faculty of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences University of Douala Douala Cameroon Yaoundé Gynaeco-Obstetric and Pediatric Hospital Yaoundé Cameroon Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences University of Yaoundé I Yaoundé Cameroon

Background: Perinatal asphyxia is a common cause of mortality and of morbidity including motor and neurodevelopmental abnormalities. The aim of this study was to evaluate the post-hospital outcome of neonates treated for perinatal asphyxia at the Douala Gynaeco-Obstetric and Pediatric Hospital (DGOPH) in Cameroon. Patients and Methods: We conducted a hospital-based cross-sectional study with both a retrospective and prospective data collection, conducted over a period of 3 months and involving neonates above 34 weeks of gestational age who were managed for perinatal asphyxia at DGOPH from August 2015 to February 2020. Socio-demographic, perinatal, motor, nutritional and neuro-developmental out-of-hospital data were recorded. The assessment of the child’s psychomotor development was evaluated through gross motor skills, fine motor skills, language and social contact. We calculated the development quotient (DQ) by dividing the developmental age (DA) by the actual age (RA) of the patient. The data were entered and analyzed using excel and Stata version 15 software. Results: Among the 58 newborns included in our study, males were the most represented (59%). The mean age was 36.5 ± 14.16 months (Extremes: 12 months and 66 months). The majority of patients were born at term (79%), had a birth weight between 2500 and 4000 grams (69%), were resuscitated (95%), and had an Apgar score th minute of life (67%). SARNAT stages II and III counted for 48%. Neurodevelopmental abnormalities were found in 25.5% of patients with gross motor delay (mainly tetraparesis) representing 23.5%, fine motor delay 27.5%, impairment in social contact 31% language speech delay. The majority of the children had a normal development quotient (78.4%). Conclusion: The short-term and long-term outcome of newborns who experienced perinatal asphyxia in our setting is marked by numerous impairments in developmental milestones leading to disability.

关键词： Perinatal Asphyxia Newborn Neurological Outcome Cameroon

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Comparison of the Clinical Profile and Severity Factors of COVID-19 during the First 4 Waves in a Paediatric Population of Yaounde

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Open Journal of Pediatrics（儿科学期刊） 2023年第1期

作者： Jocelyn Tony Nengom Suzanne Sap Ngo Um Louis Serge Tang Nlend Bonaventure Hollong JeannetteEpéeNgoué paul olivier koki ndombo

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