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Designing multilayer diamond like carbon coatings for improved mechanical properties

Journal of Materials Science & Technology 2021年第6期65卷 108-117页

作者： Mohammad Sharear Kabir Zhifeng Zhou Zonghan Xie paul munroe School of Materials Science and Engineering University of New South WalesSydneyNSW.2052Australia mineAlloy Institute for Frontier MaterialsDeakin UniversityWaum PondsVIC3217Australia Advanced Coatings Applied Research Laboratory Department of Mechanical and Biomedical EngineeringCity University of Hong Kong.KowloonHong KongChina School of Mechanical Engineering University of AdelaideSA5005Australia School of Engineering Edith Cowan University.WA6027Australia

New multilayer coatings were produced by incorporating alternating soft and hard DLC layers enabled by varying the bias voltage during deposition process while maintaining a constant hard-to-soft layer thickness *** coatings were deposited onto a Cr/Cr Cxgraded layer by closed field unbalanced magnetron sputtering(CFUBMS).The cross-sectional analysis of the coatings showed that the multilayer coatings possess sharp interfaces between the soft and hard layers with the hard to soft layer thickness ratio(1:1.33)constant in all the *** analysis uncovered the increasing sp^(3)character of the DLC coatings as a result of decreasing ID/IGratio and increasing full width at half maximum(FWHM)values of the G band peak induced supposedly by an increase in bias voltage during hard layer *** tests showed an increase in hardness of the DLC coatings which can be correlated with the increase in the sp^(3)content of the coatings as well as decreasing sp^(2)-C cluster size,as calculated from the ID/***,the coatings exhibited excellent plastic deformation resistance and adhesion strength upon microindentation and scratch testing,*** further investigations are required to assess coating durability,the multilayer design could offer the DLC coatings with a rare opportunity to combine the high hardness with damage resistance with a constant bilayer thickness and without the need to introduce complex multilayer system.

关键词： Diamond like carbon(DLC) Closed field unbalanced magnetron sputtering(CFUBMS) sp^(3)Character Nanoindentation Plastic deformation resistance Scratch adhesion behaviour

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Mechanical size effect of eutectic high entropy alloy:Effect of lamellar orientation

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Journal of Materials Science & Technology 2021年第23期82卷 10-20页

作者： Yujie Chen Xianghai An Sam Zhang Feng Fang Wenyi Huo paul munroe Zonghan Xie Centre for Advanced Thin Films and Devices School of Materials and EnergySouthwest UniversityChongqing 400715China School of Mechanical Engineering The University of AdelaideAdelaideSA 5005Australia School of Aerospace Mechanical and Mechatronic EngineeringThe University of SydneySydneyNSW 2006Australia Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Metallic Materials Southeast UniversityNanjing 211189China School of Materials Science and Engineering University of New South WalesSydneyNSW 2052Australia

The effect of lamellar orientation on the deformation behavior of eutectic high entropy alloy at the micrometer scale,and the roles of two rarely explored laminate orientations(i.e.,the lamellar orientation at~0°and 45°angles with the loading direction)in regulating size-dependent plasticity were investigated using in-situ micropillar compression *** alloy,CoCrFe NiTa_(0.395),consists of alternating layers of Laves and FCC *** was found that the yield stress of the 0°pillars scaled inversely with the pillar diameters,in which the underlying deformation mode was observed to transform from pillar kinking or buckling to shear banding as the diameter *** the case of the 450 pillars with diameters ranging from 0.4 to 3μm,there exists a’weakest’diameter of~1μm,at which both constraint effect and dislocation starvation are *** of the lamellar orientations,the strain hardening rate decreased with decreasing pillar diameter due to the diminishing dislocation accumulation that originated from the softening nature of large shear bands in the 0°pillars,and the enhanced probability of dislocation annihilation at the increased free surfaces in the 45°*** findings expand and deepen the understanding of the mechanical size effect in small-scale crystalline materials and,in so doing,provide a critical dimension for the development of high-performing materials used for nanoor microelectromechanical systems.

关键词： High-entropy alloy Eutectic structure Orientation dependence Mechanical size effect In-situ micropillar testing

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Suppressing Al2O3 nanoparticle coarsening and Cu nanograin growth of milled nanostructured Cu-5vol.%Al2O3 composite powder particles by doping with Ti

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Journal of Materials Science & Technology 2017年第11期33卷 1323-1328页

作者： Dengshan Zhou Hongwei Geng Wei Zeng Deliang Zhang Charlie Kong paul munroe Key LaboratoryforAnisotropy and Texture of Materials (Ministry of Education) Northeastern University Shenyang 110819 China Institute of Ceramics and Powder Metallurgy School of Materials Science and Engineering Northeastern University Shenyang 110819 China Waikato CentreforAdvanced Materials School of Engineering The University of Waikato Private Bag3105 Hamilton New Zealand State Key Laboratory for Metal Matrix Materials School of Materials Science and Engineering Shanghaifiao Tong University Shanghai 200240 China Electron Microscopy Unit The University of New South Wales Sydney 2052 Australia School of Materials Science and Engineering The University of New South Wales Sydney 2052 Australia

Both the coarsening of Al2O3 nanoparticles and the growth of Cu nanograins of mechanically milled nanostructured Cu-5 vol.%Al2O3 composites with, and without, trace amounts of Ti during annealing at973 K for 1 h were investigated. It was found that doping with a small amount of Ti（e.g. 0.2 wt%） in a nanostructured Cu-5 vol.%Al2O3 composite effectively suppressed the coarsening of Al2O3 nanoparticles during exposure at this temperature. Further, the Ti addition also prevented the concomitant abnormal growth of the copper grains normally caused by the coarsening of the Al2O3 nanoparticles. Energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy analysis of the Al2O3 nanoparticles in the annealed Cu-5 vol.%Al2 O3-0.2 wt%Ti sample suggested that the Ti atoms either diffused into the Al2O3 nanoparticles or segregated to the Cu/Al2O3 interfaces to form Ti-doped Al2O3 nanoparticles, which was more stable than Ti-free Al2O3 nanoparticles during annealing at high homologous temperatures.

关键词： Nanostructured copper matrix composites Minor alloying Annealing Grain growth Particle coarsening

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Microstructure, Tensile Properties and Work Hardening Behavior of an Extruded Mg–Zn–Ca–Mn Magnesium Alloy

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Acta Metallurgica Sinica(English Letters) 2020年第7期33卷 922-936页

作者： Kai-Bo Nie Zhi-Hao Zhu paul munroe Kun-Kun Deng Jun-Gang Han College of Materials Science and Engineering Taiyuan University of TechnologyTaiyuan 030024China School of Materials Science and Engineering UNSW AustraliaKensingtonNSW 2052Australia

A new Mg-2.2 wt% Zn alloy containing 1.8 wt% Ca and 0.5 wt% Mn has been developed and subjected to extrusion under different extrusion *** finest(~0.48 μm) recrystallized grain structures,containing both nano-sized MgZn2 precipitates and α-Mn nanoparticles,were obtained in the alloy extruded at 270℃/0.01 mm *** this alloy,the deformed coarse-grain region possessed a much stronger texture intensity(~32.49 mud) relative to the recrystallized fine-grain region(~13.99 mud).A positive work hardening rate in the third stage of work hardening curve was also evident in the alloy extruded at 270℃,which was related to the sharp basal texture and which provided insufficient active slip *** high work hardening rate in the fourth stage contributed to the high ductility extruded at 270℃/1 mm *** alloy exhibited a weak texture,and the examination of fracture surface revealed highly dimpled *** optimum tensile strength was achieved in the alloy extruded at 270℃/0.01 mm s-1,and the yield strength,ultimate tensile strength and elongation to failure were^364.1 MPa,~394.5 MPa and^7.2%,*** grain strengthening from the recrystallized fine-grain region played the greatest role in the strength increment of this alloy compared with Orowan strengthening and dislocation strengthening in the deformed coarse-grain regions.

关键词： alloy grain strengthening

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Influences of Biochar and Biochar-Mineral Complex on Mycorrhizal Colonisation and Nutrition of Wheat and Sorghum

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Pedosphere 2015年第5期25卷 686-695页

作者： paul BLACKWELL Stephen JOSEPH paul munroe Hossain M.ANAWAR paul STORER Robert J.GILKES Zakaria M.SOLAIMAN Department of Agriculture and Food Western Australia Geraldton Regional Office School of Materials Science and Engineering University of New South WalesSydney Discipline of Chemistry University of Newcastle University of Wollongong School of Earth and Environment and UWA Institute of Agriculture The University of Western Australia Australian Mineral Fertilisers Pty Ltd. Soil Biology and Molecular Ecology Group School of Earth and Environment and UWA Institute of AgricultureThe University of Western Australia

The high price of synthetic fertilisers and the price barrier for biochar as a soil amendment have encouraged the exploration of using biochar in fertiliser replacement formulations. Biochars coupled with fertilisers can be applied at lower application rates to achieve benefits in plant growth and nutrition, as well as soil biological fertility. It is necessary to evaluate the use of biochar as a fertiliser substitute. Therefore, this study investigated the comparative influences of biochars, including Acacia saligna （AS）, Simcoa jarrah （S J） and Wundowie jarrah （W J）, mineral fertiliser with microbes （MF ＋ M）, biochar-mineral complex （BMC） and their combination on mycorrhizal colonisation, growth and nutrition of wheat in a glasshouse experiment and sorghum in field conditions. BMC ＋ MF ＋ M treatment produced higher mycorrhizal colonisation than MF ＋ M alone, indicating that BMC had a significant role in increasing mycorrhizal colonisation. SJ （treated with acetic acid） and MF ＋ M treatments, as well as AS ＋ MF ＋ M application, showed similar effects on mycorrhizal colonisation, but lower colonisation than the BMC ＋ MF ＋ M treatment. Ovcrall~ the BMC ＋ MF ＋ M treatment supported the maximum shoot, root and total plant dry weight followed by AS ＋ MF ＋ M and WJ ＋ MF ＋ M. The MF ＋ M treatment had the maximum shoot N and K concentrations, while BMC ＋ MF ＋ M application had the maximum shoot P concentration. AS ＋ MF -4- M and WJ ＋ MF ＋ M treatments supported the maximum N uptake by wheat shoots, while BMC ＋ MF ＋ M supported the maximum P uptake. The results showed that biochars and BMCs could increase mycorrhizal colonisation, plant growth and nutrient uptake of wheat, particularly N, P, K, S and Zn. The field experiment confirmed that BMC application at a rate of 300 kg ha-1 could increase the yield of irrigated sorghum on a loam soil and provide better applied P use efficiency compared to a water-soluble fertiliser alone. These results indicated that biochar-based fer

关键词： carbon sequestration nutrient uptake P use efficiency soil biological fertility wheat production

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Overall benefits of biochar, fed to dairy cows, for the farming system

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Pedosphere 2023年第1期33卷 225-230页

作者： Sara TAHERY Melissa REBBECK Stephen JOSEPH paul munroe Guanhong CHEN Maree O'SULLIVAN Wayne SPITCHFORD School of Materials Science and Engineering University of New South WalesSydney2052Australia Climate and Agricultural Support Pty Ltd. P.O.Box 25Goolwa 5214Australia National-Regional Joint Engineering Research Center for Soil Pollution Control and Remediation in South China Guangdong Key Laboratory of Integrated Agro-Environmental Pollution Control and ManagementInstitute of Eco-Environmental and Soil SciencesGuangdong Academy of SciencesGuangzhou 510650China Davies Livestock Research Centre School and Animal and Veterinary SciencesUniversity of AdelaideRoseworthy CampusSA 5371Australia

Dear Editor,Biochar has been used as an input in the animal farming industry since 2010(Gerlach and Schmidt,2012;Schmidt et al.,2019).Several studies have documented the positive effects of biochar,used as a feed supplement,on both livestock and soil *** et al.(2019)examined 112 studies,in which the addition of a small amount of biochar to fodder improved the animal immune system,digestibility,and quality of milk and meat,while eliminating *** and Schmidt(2012)conducted a survey,in which biochar was fed to 150 cattle,and found that both the milk protein and fat increased when biochar was added to *** et al.(2011)investigated the effect of activated biochar,fed to Holstein dairy cows at 0,20,and 40 g daily,on fungal-contaminated feed *** to the control,biochar considerably improved feed intake and digestibility,and increased milk fat.

关键词： cows soil system

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Effects of Enriched Biochars Containing Magnetic Iron Nanoparticles on Mycorrhizal Colonisation,Plant Growth,Nutrient Uptake and Soil Quality Improvement

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Pedosphere 2015年第5期25卷 749-760页

作者： Stephen JOSEPH Hossain M.ANAWAR paul STORER paul BLACKWELL Chee CHIA Yun LIN paul munroe Scott DONNE Josip HORVAT Jianli WANG Zakaria M.SOLAIMAN School of Materials Science and Engineering University of New South WalesSydney Discipline of Chemistry University of Newcastle Institute for Superconducting and Electronic Materials and School of Physics University of Wollongong Soil Biology and Molecular Ecology Group School of Earth and Environment (M087) and UWA Institute of AgricultureFaculty of ScienceThe University of Western Australia Australian Mineral Fertilisers Pty Ltd. Department of Agriculture and Food Western Australia Geraldton Regional Office Institute for Superconducting and Electronic Materials University of Wollongong

At present, there is little commercial sale of biochar, since farmers find they can not gain a return on their investment in this amendment in the first few years after its application, because of the high cost associated with large application rates. To overcome this constraint, development of artificially aged enriched biochar-mineral complexes(BMCs), having a higher mineral content, surface functionality, exchangeable cations, high concentration of magnetic iron(Fe) nanoparticles, and higher water-extractable organic compounds has been undertaken by a combined team of researchers and a commercial company. Two biochars produced under different pyrolysis conditions were activated with a phosphoric acid treatment. A mixture of clay, chicken litter, and minerals were added to the biochar, and then this composite was torrefied at either 180 or 220?C. In this study a pot experiment was carried out in glasshouse conditions to determine the effects of four different BMCs, with different formulations applied at rates of 100 and 200 kg ha-1, on the mycorrhizal colonisation, wheat growth and nutrient uptake, and soil quality improvement. It was found that the phosphorus(P) and nitrogen uptake in wheat shoots were significantly greater for a low application rate of BMCs(100 kg ha-1). The present formulation of BMC was effective in enhancing growth of wheat at low application rate(100 kg ha-1). The increase in growth appeared due to an increase in P uptake in the plants that could be partly attributed to an increase in mycorrhizal colonisation and partly due to the properties of the BMC.

关键词： biochar-mineral complexes Fe nanoparticles P uptake redox reactions

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Size-dependent deformation behavior of dual-phase,nanostructured CrCoNi medium-entropy alloy

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Science China Materials 2021年第1期64卷 209-222页

作者： Yujie Chen Xianghai An Zhifeng Zhou paul munroe Sam Zhang Xiaozhou Liao Zonghan Xie Centre for Advanced Thin Films and Devices School of Materials and EnergySouthwest UniversityChongqing400715China School of Mechanical Engineering The University of AdelaideAdelaideSA5005Australia School of Aerospace Mechanical and Mechatronic EngineeringThe University of SydneySydneyNSW2006Australia Department of Mechanical Engineering City University of Hong KongKowloonHong KongChina School of Materials Science and Engineering The University of New South WalesSydneyNSW2052Australia School of Engineering Edith Cowan UniversityPerthWA6027Australia

The mechanical size effect of nanostructured,dual-phase CrCoNi medium-entropy alloy(MEA)was investigated by combining in-situ micro-compression testing with post-mortem electron microscopy *** alloy possesses a superior yield strength up to~4 GPa,primarily due to its hierarchical microstructure including column nanograins,preferred orientation,a high density of planar defects and the presence of the hexagonal close packed(HCP)*** the yield strength of the alloy has shown sizeindependency,the deformation behaviour was strongly dependent on the sample ***,with decreasing the pillar diameters,the dominant deformation mode changed from highly localized and catastrophic shear banding to apparently homogeneous deformation with appreciable *** transition is believed to be governed by the sizedependent critical stress required for a shear band traversing the pillar and mediated by the competition between shearinduced softening and subsequent hardening *** addition,an unexpected phase transformation from HCP to face-centered cubic(FCC)was observed in the highly localized deformation zones,leading to strain softening that contributed to accommodating *** findings provide insights into the criticality of sample dimensions in influencing mechanical behaviors of nanostructured metallic materials used for nanoelectromechanical systems.

关键词： medium-entropy alloy size effect shear banding phase transformation nanostructure

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Microstructure and mechanical properties of TiC nanoparticle-reinforced Mg−Zn−Ca matrix nanocomposites processed by combining multidirectional forging and extrusion

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Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China 2020年第9期30卷 2394-2412页

作者： Kai-bo NIE Zhi-hao ZHU paul munroe Kun-kun DENG Ya-chao GUO College of Materials Science and Engineering Taiyuan University of TechnologyTaiyuan 030024China School of Materials Science and Engineering University of New South WalesSydneyNSW 2052Australia

TiC nanoparticle-reinforced Mg−4Zn−0.5Ca matrix nanocomposites were processed by combining multidirectional forging(MDF)and extrusion(EX).The grain size of the nanocomposite after MDF+EX multi-step deformation was significantly decreased compared with that processed only by *** average size of the recrystallized grains gradually increased after EX with increasing the number of MDF passes at 270℃.However,the grain size significantly decreased by MDF processing at 310℃.Both fine and coarse MgZn2 phases appeared in the(MDF+EX)-processed nanocomposites,and their volume fractions gradually increased with increasing the number of MDF passes before *** tensile properties(yield strength of^404 MPa,ultimate tensile strength of^450.3 MPa and elongation of^5.2%)were obtained in the nanocomposite after three MDF passes at 310℃ followed by *** was attributed to the refinement of the recrystallized grains,together with the improved Orowan strengthening provided by the precipitated MgZn2 particles that were generated by MDF+EX multi-step deformation.

关键词： magnesium matrix nanocomposite multi-step deformation multidirectional forging mechanical properties MgZn2 phases

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Developing More Effective Enhanced Biochar Fertilisers for Improvement of Pepper Yield and Quality

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Pedosphere 2015年第5期25卷 703-712页

作者： YAO Chunxue Stephen JOSEPH LI Lianqing PAN Genxing Yun LIN paul munroe Ben PACE Sarasadat TAHERYMOOSAVI Lukas VAN ZWIETEN Torsten THOMAS Shaun NIELSEN Jun YE Scott DONNE Institute of Resources Ecosystem and Environment of Agriculture Nanjing Agricultural University Discipline of Chemistry University of Newcastle School of Materials Science and Engineering University of New South Wales New South Wales Department of Primary Industries School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences & Centre for Marine Bio-Innovation University of New South Wales

Utilization of biochar at high application rates can increase soil C and crop yields, decrease greenhouse gas emissions and reduce nutrient run-off from soils. However, the high application rate of 10 t ha-1 may not return a profit to the farmer due to the high cost of biochar. In this study biochar was modified through pre-treating the biomass and post-treating with phosphoric acid, minerals and different chemical fertilisers to study the effects of two new enhanced biochar fertilisers on the yield and quality of green pepper in a field experiment with 5 fertilisation treatments and 3 replications. The two new biochar fertilisers significantly （P 〈 0.05） increased the yield of green pepper （11.33-11.47 t ha-l）, compared with the conventional chemical fertiliser （9.72 t ha-l）. The biochar fertiliser treatments improved the vitamin C content of green pepper from 236.99 to 278.28 mg kg-1, and also significantly （P 〈 0.05） reduced the nitrate content from 132.32 to 101.92 mg kg-1, compared with chemical fertiliser. This study indicated that, compared to the use of conventional chemical fertiliser, all of the biochar fertiliser treatments could significantly improve the yield and quality of green pepper.

关键词： bentonite clay chemical fertiliser nitrate content phosphoric acid vitamin C content wheat straw

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