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Designing multilayer diamond like carbon coatings for improved mechanical properties

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Journal of Materials Science & Technology 2021年第6期65卷 108-117页

作者： Mohammad Sharear Kabir Zhifeng Zhou Zonghan Xie paul munroe School of Materials Science and Engineering University of New South WalesSydneyNSW.2052Australia mineAlloy Institute for Frontier MaterialsDeakin UniversityWaum PondsVIC3217Australia Advanced Coatings Applied Research Laboratory Department of Mechanical and Biomedical EngineeringCity University of Hong Kong.KowloonHong KongChina School of Mechanical Engineering University of AdelaideSA5005Australia School of Engineering Edith Cowan University.WA6027Australia

New multilayer coatings were produced by incorporating alternating soft and hard DLC layers enabled by varying the bias voltage during deposition process while maintaining a constant hard-to-soft layer thickness ratio.These coatings were deposited onto a Cr/Cr Cxgraded layer by closed field unbalanced magnetron sputtering(CFUBMS).The cross-sectional analysis of the coatings showed that the multilayer coatings possess sharp interfaces between the soft and hard layers with the hard to soft layer thickness ratio(1:1.33)constant in all the coatings.Raman analysis uncovered the increasing sp^(3)character of the DLC coatings as a result of decreasing ID/IGratio and increasing full width at half maximum(FWHM)values of the G band peak induced supposedly by an increase in bias voltage during hard layer deposition.Nanoindentation tests showed an increase in hardness of the DLC coatings which can be correlated with the increase in the sp^(3)content of the coatings as well as decreasing sp^(2)-C cluster size,as calculated from the ID/IGratio.Furthermore,the coatings exhibited excellent plastic deformation resistance and adhesion strength upon microindentation and scratch testing,respectively.Although further investigations are required to assess coating durability,the multilayer design could offer the DLC coatings with a rare opportunity to combine the high hardness with damage resistance with a constant bilayer thickness and without the need to introduce complex multilayer system.

关键词： Diamond like carbon(DLC) Closed field unbalanced magnetron sputtering(CFUBMS) sp^(3)Character Nanoindentation Plastic deformation resistance Scratch adhesion behaviour

Mechanical size effect of eutectic high entropy alloy:Effect of lamellar orientation

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Journal of Materials Science & Technology 2021年第23期82卷 10-20页

作者： Yujie Chen Xianghai An Sam Zhang Feng Fang Wenyi Huo paul munroe Zonghan Xie Centre for Advanced Thin Films and Devices School of Materials and EnergySouthwest UniversityChongqing 400715China School of Mechanical Engineering The University of AdelaideAdelaideSA 5005Australia School of Aerospace Mechanical and Mechatronic EngineeringThe University of SydneySydneyNSW 2006Australia Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Metallic Materials Southeast UniversityNanjing 211189China School of Materials Science and Engineering University of New South WalesSydneyNSW 2052Australia

The effect of lamellar orientation on the deformation behavior of eutectic high entropy alloy at the micrometer scale,and the roles of two rarely explored laminate orientations(i.e.,the lamellar orientation at~0°and 45°angles with the loading direction)in regulating size-dependent plasticity were investigated using in-situ micropillar compression tests.The alloy,CoCrFe NiTa_(0.395),consists of alternating layers of Laves and FCC phases.It was found that the yield stress of the 0°pillars scaled inversely with the pillar diameters,in which the underlying deformation mode was observed to transform from pillar kinking or buckling to shear banding as the diameter decreased.In the case of the 450 pillars with diameters ranging from 0.4 to 3μm,there exists a’weakest’diameter of~1μm,at which both constraint effect and dislocation starvation are ineffective.Irrespective of the lamellar orientations,the strain hardening rate decreased with decreasing pillar diameter due to the diminishing dislocation accumulation that originated from the softening nature of large shear bands in the 0°pillars,and the enhanced probability of dislocation annihilation at the increased free surfaces in the 45°pillars.The findings expand and deepen the understanding of the mechanical size effect in small-scale crystalline materials and,in so doing,provide a critical dimension for the development of high-performing materials used for nanoor microelectromechanical systems.

关键词： High-entropy alloy Eutectic structure Orientation dependence Mechanical size effect In-situ micropillar testing

Suppressing Al2O3 nanoparticle coarsening and Cu nanograin growth of milled nanostructured Cu-5vol.%Al2O3 composite powder particles by doping with Ti

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Journal of Materials Science & Technology 2017年第11期33卷 1323-1328页

作者： Dengshan Zhou Hongwei Geng Wei Zeng Deliang Zhang Charlie Kong paul munroe Key LaboratoryforAnisotropy and Texture of Materials (Ministry of Education) Northeastern University Shenyang 110819 China Institute of Ceramics and Powder Metallurgy School of Materials Science and Engineering Northeastern University Shenyang 110819 China Waikato CentreforAdvanced Materials School of Engineering The University of Waikato Private Bag3105 Hamilton New Zealand State Key Laboratory for Metal Matrix Materials School of Materials Science and Engineering Shanghaifiao Tong University Shanghai 200240 China Electron Microscopy Unit The University of New South Wales Sydney 2052 Australia School of Materials Science and Engineering The University of New South Wales Sydney 2052 Australia

Both the coarsening of Al2O3 nanoparticles and the growth of Cu nanograins of mechanically milled nanostructured Cu-5 vol.%Al2O3 composites with, and without, trace amounts of Ti during annealing at973 K for 1 h were investigated. It was found that doping with a small amount of Ti（e.g. 0.2 wt%） in a nanostructured Cu-5 vol.%Al2O3 composite effectively suppressed the coarsening of Al2O3 nanoparticles during exposure at this temperature. Further, the Ti addition also prevented the concomitant abnormal growth of the copper grains normally caused by the coarsening of the Al2O3 nanoparticles. Energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy analysis of the Al2O3 nanoparticles in the annealed Cu-5 vol.%Al2 O3-0.2 wt%Ti sample suggested that the Ti atoms either diffused into the Al2O3 nanoparticles or segregated to the Cu/Al2O3 interfaces to form Ti-doped Al2O3 nanoparticles, which was more stable than Ti-free Al2O3 nanoparticles during annealing at high homologous temperatures.

关键词： Nanostructured copper matrix composites Minor alloying Annealing Grain growth Particle coarsening

Microstructure, Tensile Properties and Work Hardening Behavior of an Extruded Mg–Zn–Ca–Mn Magnesium Alloy

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Acta Metallurgica Sinica(English Letters) 2020年第7期33卷 922-936页

作者： Kai-Bo Nie Zhi-Hao Zhu paul munroe Kun-Kun Deng Jun-Gang Han College of Materials Science and Engineering Taiyuan University of TechnologyTaiyuan 030024China School of Materials Science and Engineering UNSW AustraliaKensingtonNSW 2052Australia

A new Mg-2.2 wt% Zn alloy containing 1.8 wt% Ca and 0.5 wt% Mn has been developed and subjected to extrusion under different extrusion parameters.The finest(~0.48 μm) recrystallized grain structures,containing both nano-sized MgZn2 precipitates and α-Mn nanoparticles,were obtained in the alloy extruded at 270℃/0.01 mm s-1.In this alloy,the deformed coarse-grain region possessed a much stronger texture intensity(~32.49 mud) relative to the recrystallized fine-grain region(~13.99 mud).A positive work hardening rate in the third stage of work hardening curve was also evident in the alloy extruded at 270℃,which was related to the sharp basal texture and which provided insufficient active slip systems.The high work hardening rate in the fourth stage contributed to the high ductility extruded at 270℃/1 mm s-1.This alloy exhibited a weak texture,and the examination of fracture surface revealed highly dimpled surfaces.The optimum tensile strength was achieved in the alloy extruded at 270℃/0.01 mm s-1,and the yield strength,ultimate tensile strength and elongation to failure were^364.1 MPa,~394.5 MPa and^7.2%,respectively.Fine grain strengthening from the recrystallized fine-grain region played the greatest role in the strength increment of this alloy compared with Orowan strengthening and dislocation strengthening in the deformed coarse-grain regions.

关键词： alloy grain strengthening

Influences of Biochar and Biochar-Mineral Complex on Mycorrhizal Colonisation and Nutrition of Wheat and Sorghum

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Pedosphere 2015年第5期25卷 686-695页

作者： paul BLACKWELL Stephen JOSEPH paul munroe Hossain M.ANAWAR paul STORER Robert J.GILKES Zakaria M.SOLAIMAN Department of Agriculture and Food Western Australia Geraldton Regional Office School of Materials Science and Engineering University of New South WalesSydney Discipline of Chemistry University of Newcastle University of Wollongong School of Earth and Environment and UWA Institute of Agriculture The University of Western Australia Australian Mineral Fertilisers Pty Ltd. Soil Biology and Molecular Ecology Group School of Earth and Environment and UWA Institute of AgricultureThe University of Western Australia

The high price of synthetic fertilisers and the price barrier for biochar as a soil amendment have encouraged the exploration of using biochar in fertiliser replacement formulations. Biochars coupled with fertilisers can be applied at lower application rates to achieve benefits in plant growth and nutrition, as well as soil biological fertility. It is necessary to evaluate the use of biochar as a fertiliser substitute. Therefore, this study investigated the comparative influences of biochars, including Acacia saligna(AS), Simcoa jarrah(SJ) and Wundowie jarrah(WJ), mineral fertiliser with microbes(MF + M), biochar-mineral complex(BMC) and their combination on mycorrhizal colonisation, growth and nutrition of wheat in a glasshouse experiment and sorghum in field conditions. BMC + MF +M treatment produced higher mycorrhizal colonisation than MF + M alone, indicating that BMC had a significant role in increasing mycorrhizal colonisation. SJ(treated with acetic acid) and MF + M treatments, as well as AS + MF + M application, showed similar effects on mycorrhizal colonisation, but lower colonisation than the BMC + MF + M treatment. Overall, the BMC + MF + M treatment supported the maximum shoot, root and total plant dry weight followed by AS + MF + M and WJ + MF + M. The MF+ M treatment had the maximum shoot N and K concentrations, while BMC + MF + M application had the maximum shoot P concentration. AS + MF + M and WJ + MF + M treatments supported the maximum N uptake by wheat shoots, while BMC + MF+ M supported the maximum P uptake. The results showed that biochars and BMCs could increase mycorrhizal colonisation, plant growth and nutrient uptake of wheat, particularly N, P, K, S and Zn. The field experiment confirmed that BMC application at a rate of 300 kg ha-1could increase the yield of irrigated sorghum on a loam soil and provide better applied P use efficiency compared to a water-soluble fertiliser alone. These results indicated that biochar-based fertilisers might increase the resilience and sustainability of d

关键词：生物矿物小麦生长生物炭菌根营养高粱复合物可持续发展能力

Effects of Enriched Biochars Containing Magnetic Iron Nanoparticles on Mycorrhizal Colonisation,Plant Growth,Nutrient Uptake and Soil Quality Improvement

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Pedosphere 2015年第5期25卷 749-760页

作者： Stephen JOSEPH Hossain M.ANAWAR paul STORER paul BLACKWELL Chee CHIA Yun LIN paul munroe Scott DONNE Josip HORVAT Jianli WANG Zakaria M.SOLAIMAN School of Materials Science and Engineering University of New South WalesSydney Discipline of Chemistry University of Newcastle Institute for Superconducting and Electronic Materials and School of Physics University of Wollongong Soil Biology and Molecular Ecology Group School of Earth and Environment (M087) and UWA Institute of AgricultureFaculty of ScienceThe University of Western Australia Australian Mineral Fertilisers Pty Ltd. Department of Agriculture and Food Western Australia Geraldton Regional Office Institute for Superconducting and Electronic Materials University of Wollongong

At present, there is little commercial sale of biochar, since farmers find they can not gain a return on their investment in this amendment in the first few years after its application, because of the high cost associated with large application rates. To overcome this constraint, development of artificially aged enriched biochar-mineral complexes(BMCs), having a higher mineral content, surface functionality, exchangeable cations, high concentration of magnetic iron(Fe) nanoparticles, and higher water-extractable organic compounds has been undertaken by a combined team of researchers and a commercial company. Two biochars produced under different pyrolysis conditions were activated with a phosphoric acid treatment. A mixture of clay, chicken litter, and minerals were added to the biochar, and then this composite was torrefied at either 180 or 220?C. In this study a pot experiment was carried out in glasshouse conditions to determine the effects of four different BMCs, with different formulations applied at rates of 100 and 200 kg ha-1, on the mycorrhizal colonisation, wheat growth and nutrient uptake, and soil quality improvement. It was found that the phosphorus(P) and nitrogen uptake in wheat shoots were significantly greater for a low application rate of BMCs(100 kg ha-1). The present formulation of BMC was effective in enhancing growth of wheat at low application rate(100 kg ha-1). The increase in growth appeared due to an increase in P uptake in the plants that could be partly attributed to an increase in mycorrhizal colonisation and partly due to the properties of the BMC.

关键词：养分吸收植物生长土壤质量生物炭磁性纳米粒子菌根矿物质含量小麦生长

联合多向锻造与挤压变形TiC纳米颗粒增强Mg−Zn−Ca基复合材料的组织与力学性能

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Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China 2020年第9期30卷 2394-2412页

作者：聂凯波朱智浩 paul munroe 邓坤坤郭亚超太原理工大学材料科学与工程学院太原030024 School of Materials Science and Engineering University of New South WalesSydneyNSW 2052Australia

采用多向锻造(MDF)和挤压(EX)相结合工艺对TiC纳米颗粒增强Mg−4Zn−0.5Ca基纳米复合材料进行变形。与仅单一MDF相比,经MDF+EX变形后纳米复合材料的晶粒尺寸显著减小。当MDF温度为270℃时,随MDF道次的增加,经EX变形后再结晶(DRX)晶粒的平... 详细信息

采用多向锻造(MDF)和挤压(EX)相结合工艺对TiC纳米颗粒增强Mg−4Zn−0.5Ca基纳米复合材料进行变形。与仅单一MDF相比,经MDF+EX变形后纳米复合材料的晶粒尺寸显著减小。当MDF温度为270℃时,随MDF道次的增加,经EX变形后再结晶(DRX)晶粒的平均尺寸逐渐增大;而当MDF温度为310℃时,经EX变形后DRX晶粒的平均尺寸显著减小。经MDF+EX多步变形后纳米复合材料中同时出现细小和粗大的MgZn2相,这些MgZn2相的体积分数随EX前MDF道次的增加而逐渐增大。对温度为310℃经3道次MDF后的纳米复合材料进行EX,其屈服强度、极限抗拉强度和伸长率分别达到~404 MPa,~450.3 MPa和~5.2%。这主要与MDF+EX多步变形后晶粒细化强化及MgZn2析出相引起的Orowan强化有关。

关键词：镁基纳米复合材料多步变形多向锻造力学性能 MgZn2相

双相纳米结构CrCoNi中熵合金变形行为的尺寸效应

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Science China Materials 2021年第1期64卷 209-222页

作者：陈玉洁安祥海周志烽 paul munroe 张善勇廖晓舟谢宗翰 Centre for Advanced Thin Films and Devices School of Materials and EnergySouthwest UniversityChongqing400715China School of Mechanical Engineering The University of AdelaideAdelaideSA5005Australia School of Aerospace Mechanical and Mechatronic EngineeringThe University of SydneySydneyNSW2006Australia Department of Mechanical Engineering City University of Hong KongKowloonHong KongChina School of Materials Science and Engineering The University of New South WalesSydneyNSW2052Australia School of Engineering Edith Cowan UniversityPerthWA6027Australia

本文结合原位扫描电子显微镜微柱压缩与透射电子显微镜技术,研究了具有双相多级纳米结构的CrCoNi中熵合金变形行为的尺寸效应.研究表明,该合金的屈服强度高达~4 GPa,这主要归因于其多级微观结构特征,包括柱状纳米尺寸晶粒、织构、高密... 详细信息

本文结合原位扫描电子显微镜微柱压缩与透射电子显微镜技术,研究了具有双相多级纳米结构的CrCoNi中熵合金变形行为的尺寸效应.研究表明,该合金的屈服强度高达~4 GPa,这主要归因于其多级微观结构特征,包括柱状纳米尺寸晶粒、织构、高密度的层错、孪晶界、晶界和相界.在变形过程中,该合金的屈服强度基本与微米尺度样品的尺寸无关,但其变形行为却强烈依赖于样品大小.具体来说,随着微柱直径减小,材料主要的变形模式从突发的局部剪切带变为具有明显塑性的均匀变形.这种转变是由剪切带穿过微柱所需的临界应力与样品尺寸紧密相关所决定的,剪切诱导的软化和随后的硬化机制之间的竞争也起了重要作用.此外,变形引起了六方密排结构到面心立方结构的相变,该相变导致的应变软化对材料变形中的塑性有重要贡献.这些发现揭示了样品尺寸对可用于微纳机电系统的纳米结构金属材料的力学行为有着重要影响.

关键词：合金变形均匀变形临界应力屈服强度变形模式样品尺寸尺寸效应微柱

Developing More Effective Enhanced Biochar Fertilisers for Improvement of Pepper Yield and Quality

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Pedosphere 2015年第5期25卷 703-712页

作者： YAO Chunxue Stephen JOSEPH LI Lianqing PAN Genxing Yun LIN paul munroe Ben PACE Sarasadat TAHERYMOOSAVI Lukas VAN ZWIETEN Torsten THOMAS Shaun NIELSEN Jun YE Scott DONNE Institute of Resources Ecosystem and Environment of Agriculture Nanjing Agricultural University Discipline of Chemistry University of Newcastle School of Materials Science and Engineering University of New South Wales New South Wales Department of Primary Industries School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences & Centre for Marine Bio-Innovation University of New South Wales

Utilization of biochar at high application rates can increase soil C and crop yields, decrease greenhouse gas emissions and reduce nutrient run-off from soils. However, the high application rate of 10 t ha-1may not return a profit to the farmer due to the high cost of biochar. In this study biochar was modified through pre-treating the biomass and post-treating with phosphoric acid, minerals and different chemical fertilisers to study the effects of two new enhanced biochar fertilisers on the yield and quality of green pepper in a field experiment with 5 fertilisation treatments and 3 replications. The two new biochar fertilisers significantly(P < 0.05) increased the yield of green pepper(11.33–11.47 t ha-1), compared with the conventional chemical fertiliser(9.72 t ha-1). The biochar fertiliser treatments improved the vitamin C content of green pepper from 236.99 to 278.28 mg kg-1, and also significantly(P < 0.05) reduced the nitrate content from 132.32 to 101.92 mg kg-1, compared with chemical fertiliser. This study indicated that, compared to the use of conventional chemical fertiliser, all of the biochar fertiliser treatments could significantly improve the yield and quality of green pepper.

关键词：作物产量生物肥料辣椒质量土壤养分流失温室气体排放量开发常规化肥