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Post-fire recovery of Puya raimondii, vegetation and birds in the puna of Huascarán National Park, Perú

Journal of mountain Science 2024年第1期21卷 20-32页

作者： mery L.SUNI Giovana P.VADILLO César ARANA Enoc JARA-PENA Letty SALINAS m.Estela PONCE paul m.ramsay Plant Physiology Laboratory Faculty of Biological SciencesUniversidad Nacional Mayor de San MarcosLima 15081Peru Natural History museum Universidad Nacional Mayor de San MarcosLima 15072Peru Applied Phytology Laboratory Faculty of Biological SciencesUniversidad Nacional Mayor de San MarcosLima 15081Peru Department of Statistics Faculty of Mathematical SciencesUniversidad Nacional Mayor de San MarcosLima 15081Peru Department of Chemical and Biological Sciences Universidad de las Américas PueblaSan Andrés Cholula CP Cholula CP 72810Mexico

A large fire of 233 ha in Huascarán National Park in Peru provided an opportunity to compare plant and bird responses in burned and nearby unburned zones of the puna. Heights and live diameters of flagship Puya raimondii rosettes(assigned to four broad developmental phases), plant communities(66 species in 24 families and nine growth forms) and bird communities(77 species in six trophic guilds) were monitored after the fire. Although no mortality was observed, Puya raimondii plants were affected by the fire, losing approximately 60% of their photosynthetic area across all developmental phases, but recovered quickly during the first two years after fire. The comparison of Puya rosette recovery after fire was complicated by the changes in live rosette diameter for unburned plants, which showed plasticity of photosynthetic area linked to seasonal and annual fluctuations in precipitation in this relatively dry environment(decreased by 26% for mature adult plants over the study period). Fire caused an immediate change in the density, biomass and composition of vegetation. Although the species present remained similar, their abundances changed significantly immediately after the fire, with notable reductions in dominant tussock grasses. This provided opportunities for other plants, resulting in higher postfire diversity of plant species, genera, families and growth forms. In turn, the changes in vegetation after fire affected the composition of birds according to their trophic guild. Granivores largely disappeared,generalists were mostly unaffected, and other guilds showed a more complex response. As the vegetation recovered, most displaced birds returned within approximately one year.

关键词： Burning Plant biomass Trophic guilds Andes Giant rosette plants

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Combining neural progenitor cell transplant and rehabilitation for enhanced recovery after cervical spinal cord injury

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Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第7期19卷 1433-1434页

作者： Camila m.Freria paul Lu Department of Neurosciences University of CaliforniaSan DiegoLa JollaCAUSA Veterans Administration San Diego Healthcare System San DiegoCAUSA

Efforts to promote recovery of function after human spinal cord injury(SCI) will likely require interventions to rgeting the corticospinal tract(CST) motor system:the most important pathway for voluntary motor control in humans.This system has historically been the most refractory to regenerative efforts after SCI.The "nonregeneration" of the CST changed when robust regeneration of the CST into spared tissue was demonstrated by the inactivation of phosphatase and tensin homolog and delivery of inosine.

关键词： cervical progenitor injury

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Critical Review on Balanites aegyptiaca Delile: Phytoconstituents, Pharmacological Properties and Nanointerventions

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Chinese Journal of Integrative medicine 2024年第7期30卷 653-663页

作者： Surendra Kumar Gautam Rakesh Kumar paul Devesh m.Sawant Amita Sarwal Kaisar Raza Department of Pharmacy School of Chemical Sciences and Pharmacy Central University of Rajasthan University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences Panjab University

Balanites aegyptiaca Delile(BA) is an enduring xerophytic woody and spinous flowering tree and is commonly known as desert date or Ingudi(Hingot). It belongs to the family Zygophyllaceae, which is specific to be drought areas of Nigeria, Africa, South Asia and India(Rajasthan). In Ayurveda, this traditional medicinal plant is reported for the management of jaundice, syphilis, yellow fever, metabolic disorders, liver, and spleen problems. The main aim of the review is to compile its medicinal uses and further advancements to showcase the promises inherited in various parts of the plant for the benefit of mankind. As per the literature survey, various researchers have focused on the detailed investigation of BA including the phytopharmacological evidence, chemical constituents, nano-formulations, commercialized products, and clinical trials. Several remarkable scaffolds and isolated compounds like diosgenin, yamogenin, balanitin1/2, balanitin 3, bal4/5, bal6/7, rutin-3-glycosides, 3,7-diglycosides,(3, 12, 14, 16)–(12-hydroxycholest-5-ene-3,16-diyl-bis)-D-glucopyranoside and balanitoside have been identified. Additionally, this traditional plant has been scientifically proven by in vitro and in vivo. Based on the complete review of this plant, most of the compounds have been isolated from the fruit and kernel part. Additionally, based on the literature, a histogram was developed for pharmacological activity in which antidiabetic study was found to be more compared to other pharmacological activity. As a spinous desert dates, this plant needs to be explored more to bring out newer phytochemicals in the management of various diseases.

关键词： Delile desert date phytochemicals nano-phytopharmaceutical pharmacological activities traditional medicine

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A new Late miocene Hystrix(Hystricidae,Rodentia)from Turkey

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Integrative Zoology 2024年第3期19卷 548-563页

作者： Kazım HALAÇLAR Ayla SEVIm EROL Tolga KÖROG˘LU paul RUmmY Tao DENG Serdar mAYDA Natural History Application and Research Centre Ege UniversityTurkey Key Laboratory of Vertebrate Evolution and Human Origins Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and PaleoanthropologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingPeople’s Republic of China Department of Anthropology Faculty of Languages and HistoryGeographyAnkara UniversityTurkey Department of Biology Faculty of SciencesEge UniversityTurkey

TheÇorakyerler fossil locality in Anatolia reveals unique faunal elements.This study introduces Hystrix kayae sp.nov.,a new Late miocene porcupine initially classified as Hystrix sp.Yavuz et al.,2018.This finding expands our knowledge of Late miocene Anatolian porcupines,bringing the total number of known species to three.H.kayae sp.***.is larger than Hystrix aryanensis and exhibits greater upper cheek tooth crown height.Its cheek tooth morphology differs from Hystrix depereti,and it possesses distinctive U-shaped choanae unlike Hystrix primigenia.TheÇorakyerler locality may predate sites with H.aryanensis and H.primigenia but aligns temporally with Hystrix parvae localities.This study enhances our understanding of Late miocene porcupine diversity in Anatolia,emphasizing the importance ofÇorakyerler in unraveling the evolutionary history of these fascinating mammals.

关键词： Çorakyerler Hystrix Late miocene paleobiogeography Turkey

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Boson star superradiance

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Science China(Physics,mechanics & Astronomy) 2024年第6期67卷 69-78页

作者： He-Yu Gao paul m.Saffin Yi-Jie Wang Qi-Xin Xie Shuang-Yong Zhou School of Physical Sciences University of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei 230026China School of Physics and Astronomy University of NottinghamUniversity ParkNottingham NG72RDUK Interdisciplinary Center for Theoretical Study University of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei 230026China Peng Huanwu Center for Fundamental Theory Hefei 230026China

Recently,it has been realized that in some systems internal space rotation can induce energy amplification for scattered waves,similar to rotation in real space.In particularly,it has been shown that energy extraction is possible for a Q-ball,a stationary non-topological soliton that is coherently rotating in its field space.In this paper,we generalize the analysis to the case of boson stars,and show that the same energy extraction mechanism still works for boson stars.

关键词： superradiance boson star field space rotation

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Turning Trash into Treasure: Developing an Intelligent Bin for Plastic Bottle Recycling

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Journal of Social Computing 2024年第1期5卷 1-14页

作者： Sirajam munira Niloy paul md Ashraful Alam md.mahmudur Rahman m.Shamim Kaiser Institute of Information Technology Jahangirnagar UniversityDhaka 1342Bangladesh

Plastic pollution has emerged as a major global concern due to its enduring nature and limited recycling options.In response to this critical challenge,this paper presents a novel approach utilizing a Detection-Based Reward System(DBRS)alongside an innovative business model to promote effective plastic waste management,reduce plastic waste accumulation in the nature,and uphold environmental cleanliness.Leveraging the YOLOv5 algorithm for its exceptional accuracy,speed,and open-source availability,plastic bottle detection becomes a pivotal aspect of this system.Users seamlessly enroll in the system,triggering an automated detection process that computes reward points corresponding to their deposited plastic bottles.These reward points are meticulously stored within a centralized database.Beyond its operational facets,this comprehensive system encompasses a robust business model,strategically poised to capture widespread engagement with waste disposal practices,thereby contributing to the realization of Sustainable Development Goals(SDGs)geared towards fostering a healthier environment.Notably,the DBRS attains cutting-edge performance in plastic bottle detection,boasting an impressive mean Average Precision(mAP)of 0.973,underscoring its efficacy in tackling plastic pollution.

关键词： smart environment reward system YOLOv5 deep learning business model

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Understanding the catalysis of chromium trioxide added magnesium hydride for hydrogen storage and Li ion battery applications

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Journal of magnesium and Alloys 2024年第3期12卷 1117-1130页

作者： D.Pukazhselvan IhsanÇaha Catarina de Lemos Sergey m.mikhalev Francis Leonard Deepak Duncan paul Fagg Department of mechanical Engineering TEMA-Centre for Mechanical Technology and AutomationUniversity of AveiroAveiro 3810-193Portugal LASI-Intelligent Systems Associate Laboratory Guimarães 4800-058Portugal Nanostructured materials Group International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory(INL)Avenida Mestre Jose VeigaBraga 4715-330Portugal

This study explores how the chemical interaction between magnesium hydride(mgH_(2))and the additive CrO_(3) influences the hydrogen/lithium storage characteristics of mgH_(2).We have observed that a 5 wt.%CrO_(3) additive reduces the dehydrogenation activation energy of mgH_(2) by 68 kJ/mol and lowers the required dehydrogenation temperature by 80℃.CrO_(3) added mgH_(2) was also tested as an anode in an Li ion battery,and it is possible to deliver over 90%of the total theoretical capacity(2038 mAh/g).Evidence for improved reversibility in the battery reaction is found only after the incorporation of additives with mgH_(2).In depth characterization study by X-ray diffraction(XRD)technique provides convincing evidence that the CrO_(3) additive interacts with mgH_(2) and produces Cr/mgO byproducts.Gibbs free energy analyses confirm the thermodynamic feasibility of conversion from mgH_(2)/CrO_(3) to mgO/Cr,which is well supported by the identification of Cr(0)in the powder by X ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS)technique.Through high resolution transmission electron microscopy(HRTEm)and energy dispersive spectroscopy(EDS)we found evidence for the presence of 5 nm size Cr nanocrystals on the surface of mgO rock salt nanoparticles.There is also convincing ground to consider that mgO rock salt accommodates Cr in the lattice.These observations support the argument that creation of active metal–metal dissolved rock salt oxide interface may be vital for improving the reactivity of mgH_(2),both for the improved storage of hydrogen and lithium.

关键词： Hydrogen storage Rechargeable batteries Binary hydrides metal oxides Catalytic mechanism.

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Surface engineering with ionic polymers on membranes for boron removal

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Frontiers of Chemical Science and Engineering 2024年第5期18卷 61-69页

作者： Xiting Zhang Chenyi Fang J paul Chen Sui Zhang Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering National University of SingaporeSingapore 117576Singapore Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering National University of SingaporeSingapore 119260Singapore College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering Shenzhen UniversityShenzhen 518060China

Removal of boric acid from seawater and wastewater using reverse osmosis membrane technologies is imperative and yet remains inadequately addressed by current commercial membranes.Existing research efforts performed post-modification of reverse osmosis membranes to enhance boron rejection,which is usually accompanied by substantial sacrifice in water permeability.This study delves into the surface engineering of low-pressure reverse osmosis membranes,aiming to elevate boron removal efficiency while maintaining optimal salt rejection and water permeability.membranes were modified by the self-polymerization and co-deposition of dopamine and polystyrene sulfonate at varying ratios and concentrations.The surfaces became smoother and more hydrophilic after modification.The optimum membrane exhibited a water permeability of 9.2±0.1 L·m^(-2)·h^(-1)·bar^(-1),NaCl rejection of 95.8%±0.3%,and boron rejection of 49.7%±0.1%and 99.6%±0.3%at neutral and alkaline pH,respectively.The water permeability is reduced by less than 15%,while the boron rejection is 3.7 times higher compared to the blank membrane.This research provides a promising avenue for enhancing boron removal in reverse osmosis membranes and addressing water quality concerns in the desalination process.

关键词： membrane low-pressure reverse osmosis boron surface engineering

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Improving Heat Transfer in Parabolic Trough Solar Collectors by magnetic Nanofluids

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Energy Engineering 2024年第4期121卷 835-848页

作者： Ritesh Singh Abhishek Gupta Akshoy Ranjan paul Bireswar paul Suvash C.Saha Department of Applied mechanics Motilal Nehru National Institute of Technology AllahabadPrayagrajIndia Department of mechanical and mechatronic Engineering University of Technology SydneySydneyAustralia

A parabolic trough solar collector(PTSC)converts solar radiation into thermal energy.However,low thermal efficiency of PTSC poses a hindrance to the deployment of solar thermal power plants.Thermal performance of PTSC is enhanced in this study by incorporating magnetic nanoparticles into the working fluid.The circular receiver pipe,with dimensions of 66 mm diameter,2 mm thickness,and 24 m length,is exposed to uniform temperature and velocity conditions.The working fluid,Therminol-66,is supplemented with Fe3O4 magnetic nanoparticles at concentrations ranging from 1%to 4%.The findings demonstrate that the inclusion of nanoparticles increases the convective heat transfer coefficient(HTC)of the PTSC,with higher nanoparticle volume fractions leading to greater heat transfer but increased pressure drop.The thermal enhancement factor(TEF)of the PTSC is positively affected by the volume fraction of nanoparticles,both with and without a magnetic field.Notably,the scenario with a 4%nanoparticle volume fraction and a magnetic field strength of 250 G exhibits the highest TEF,indicating superior thermal performance.These findings offer potential avenues for improving the efficiency of PTSCs in solar thermal plants by introducing magnetic nanoparticles into the working fluid.

关键词： Parabolic trough solar collector(PTSC) magnetic nanofluid(mNF) heat transfer convective heat transfer coefficient(HTC) thermal enhancement factor(TEF)

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Nonlinear Study on the mechanical Performance of Built-Up Cold-Formed Steel Concrete-Filled Columns under Compression

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Computer modeling in Engineering & Sciences 2024年第6期139卷 3435-3465页

作者： Oulfa Harrat Yazid Hadidane S.m.Anas Nadhim Hamah Sor Ahmed Farouk Deifalla paul O.Awoyera Nadia Gouider Civil Engineering Laboratory Faculty of TechnologyDepartment of Civil EngineeringBadji Mokhtar-Annaba UniversityP.O.Box 12Annaba23000Algeria Department of Civil Engineering Faculty of Engineering and TechnologyJamia Millia Islamia(A Central University)New Delhi110025India Civil Engineering Department University of GarmianKalar46021Iraq Department of Civil Engineering Harran UniversitySanliurfa63510Turkey Structural Engineering and Construction management Department Future University in EgyptNew Cairo11835Egypt Department of Civil Engineering Covenant UniversityOta112233Nigeria

Given their numerous functional and architectural benefits,such as improved bearing capacity and increased resistance to elastic instability modes,cold-formed steel(CFS)built-up sections have become increasingly developed and used in recent years,particularly in the construction industry.This paper presents an analytical and numerical study of assembled CFS two single channel-shaped columns with different slenderness and configurations(backto-back,face-to-face,and box).These columns were joined by double-row rivets for the back-to-back and box configurations,whereas they were welded together for the face-to-face design.The built-up columns were filled with ordinary concrete of good strength.Finite element models were applied,using ABAQUS software,to assess mechanical performance and study the influence of assembly techniques on the behavior of cold-formed columns under axial compression.Analytical approaches based on Eurocode 3 and Eurocode 4 recommendations for un-filled and concrete-filled columns respectively were followed for the numerical analysis,and concrete confinement effects were also considered per American Concrete Institute(ACI)standards for face-to-face and box configurations.The obtained results indicated a good correlation between the numerical results and the proposed analytical methodology which did not exceed 8%.The failure modes showed that the columns failed due to instabilities such as local and global buckling.

关键词： Cold-formed steel built-up sections slenderness rivets welded axial compression analytical approaches confinement buckling

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