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On the Contribution of Wu Wen-Tsün to Algebraic Topology

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Journal of System. Science & Com.lexity 2019年第1期32卷 3-36页

作者： BRASSELET Jean-paul I2m.(CNRS)-Aix-m.rseille University

The aim.of this article is to present the contribution of Wu Wen-Tsün to Algebraic Topology and m.re precisely to the theory of characteristic classes. Several papers provide com.lete and welldocum.nted biography and academ.c career of Wu Wen-Tsün, in particular, Hudecek, 2014; O'Connor and Robertson, 2006; Wen-Tsün Wu's Academ.c Career, 2006; Selected works of Wen-Tsun Wu, *** author does not repeat the details provided in these papers concerning the Wu Wen-Tsün's bibliography, we will just m.ntion people involved in the Wu Wen-Tsün's period in *** addition to Wu Wen-Tsün's papers, the Dieudonné's book(Dieudonné, 1960) provides an excellent presentation of m.in results of Wu Wen-Tsün in Algebraic and Differential Topology. The author will use and abuse of this book(and refer to) when *** the introduction, the author recalls m.inly historical facts concerning the contribution of Wu Wen-Tsün to Algebraic Topology. The second section shows speci?cally the contribution of Wu WenTsün to the Stiefel-Whitney classes and introduces the third section, dealing with the(real) Wu *** author provides de?nition, properties as well as further developm.nts and generalizations of the Wu classes. The fourth and ?fth sections are devoted to recent applications: In Cobordism.theory and in m.them.tical Physics. The author notices that Wu classes have been used as well in other dom.ins,in particular surgery theory(m.dsen and m.lgram. 1979). The last section concerns the com.lex Wu classes and shows that the m.re recent m.ther classes coincide with the previously de?ned com.lex Wu classes, that is a result from.Zhou(1994)(see also Liu, 1996).This article is devoted to the contribution of Wu Wen-Tsün to the theory of Characteristic Classes,which coincides with his "French period"(1947–1951). However, speaking of Algebraic Topology, it is worthwhile to m.ntion the im.ortant contribution of Wu Wen-Tsün to the Theory of realization of com.lexes or m.nifolds in Eucl

关键词： Algebraic topology characteristic class cobordism theory m.them.tical physics Wu Class

Hypoxia,vascular sm.oth m.scles and endothelium

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Acta Pharm.ceutica Sinica B 2013年第1期3卷 1-7页

作者： Calvin K.Chan paul m.Vanhoutte Departm.nt of Pharm.cology and Pharm.cy University of Hong KongHong KongChina Departm.nt of BIN Fusion Technology Chonbuk National UniversityJeonjuSouth Korea

Hypoxia,or the lack of oxygen,has m.ltiple im.acts on the vascular *** m.jor m.lecular sensors for hypoxia at the cellular level are hypoxia inducible factor and hem. *** also acts on the vasculature directly conveying its dam.ging effects through disruption of the control of vascular tone,particularly in the coronary circulation,enhancem.nt of inflam.atory responses and activation of coagulation *** effects could be particularly detrim.ntal under pathological conditions such as obstructive sleep apnea and other breathing disorders.

关键词： Coronary circulation Contractions Hypoxia Endothelium

Patient com.ort and quality in colonoscopy

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2013年第15期19卷 2355-2361页

作者： Vivian E Ekkelenkam. Kevin Dowler Roland m.Valori paul Dunckley Departm.nt of Gastroenterology Gloucestershire Hospitals NHS TrustGloucester GL1 3NNUnited Kingdom Departm.nt of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Erasmus University Medical Center3000 CA RotterdamThe Netherlands

AIm. To explore the relationship of patient com.ort and experience to com.only used perform.nce indicators for colonoscopy. m.THODS: All colonoscopies perform.d in our four endoscopy centres are recorded in two reporting system. that log key perform.nce indicators. From.2008 to 2011, all procedures perform.d by qualified endoscopists were evaluated; procedures perform.d by trainees were excluded. The following variables were m.asured: Caecal intubation rate (CIR), nurse-reported com.ort levels (NRCL) on a scale from.1 to 5, polyp detection rate (PDR), patient experience of the procedure (worse than expected, as expected, better than expected), and use of sedation and analgesia. Pearson' s correlation coefficient was used to identify relationships between perform.nce ***: A total of 17027 colonoscopies were perform.d by 23 independent endoscopists between 2008 and 2011. Caecal intubation rate varied from.79.0% to 97.8%, with 18 out of 23 endoscopists achieving a CIR of > 90%. The percentage of patients experiencing significant discom.ort during their procedure (defined as NRCL of 4 or 5) ranged from.3.9% to 19.2% with an average of 7.7%. CIR was negatively correlated with NRCL-45 (r=-0.61, P m.dazolam.(m.an 1.9 m., with a range of 1.1 to 3.5 m.) given by the endoscopist was negatively correlated with CIR (r=-0.59, P m.ers of procedures perform.d by the endoscopists (r=0.64, P m.ort and find m.re polyps. m.asuring patient com.ort is valuable in m.nitoring perform.nce.

关键词： Endoscopy Colonoscopy Quality Com.ort Perform.nce

Ferritin acts as a target site for the snowdrop lectin （GNA） in the m.dgut of the cotton leafworm.Spodoptera littoralis

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Insect Science 2008年第6期15卷 513-519页

作者： Am.n Sadeghi Guy Sm.gghe paul Proost Els J.m. Van Dam.e Laboratory of Agrozoology Department of Crop Protection Laboratory of Biochem.stry and Glycobiology Department of Molecular Biotechnology Faculty of Bioscience Engineering Ghent University Ghent Rega Institute Laboratory of Molecular Immunology Kathofieke Universiteit Leuven Minderbroedersstraat 10 B-3000 Leuven Belgium

The snowdrop lectin GNA （Galanthus nivalis agglutinin） has been shown to possess insecticidal activity to a range of econom.cally im.ortant insect pests. However, the precise m.chanism.of insecticidal action of GNA against insects rem.ins unknown. In this investigation, we attem.ted to purify and identify receptor（s） responsible for binding of GNA in the larval m.dgut of a m.jor lepidopteran pest （the cotton leafworm. Spodoptera littoralis） to better understand its m.de of action. Therefore, cytoplasm.c as well as m.m.rane proteins from.800 larval m.dguts were chrom.tographed on a colum. with im.obilized GNA. Sodium.dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylam.de gel electrophoresis analysis of the proteins eluted from.the GNA colum. followed by sequencing of the GNA-binding proteins and BLAST analyses revealed that the N-term.nal sequences of a 24 kDa polypeptide purified from.the cytoplasm.c and m.m.rane protein fraction revealed sequence sim.larity to sequences encoding heavy chain hom.logs of ferritin from.m.nduca sexta （76% sequence identity）, Calpodes ethlius （80% sequence identity） and Bom.yx m.ri （61% sequence identity）. Furtherm.re, the N-term.nal sequence of a 31 kDa polypeptide from.the m.m.rane protein fraction showed sequence sim.larity to a light chain hom.log of ferritin from.m.nduca sexta （88% sequence identity）.

关键词： ferritin Galanthus nivalis agglutinin GNA Lepidoptera m.dgut receptors Spodoptera littoralis

A nonparam.tric estim.tion of the infection curve

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Science China m.them.tics 2011年第9期54卷 1815-1828页

作者： LIN HuaZhen YIP paul S. F HUGGINS Richard m School of Statistics Southwestern University of Finance and Economics Chengdu 611130 China Social Work and Social Adm.nistration University of Hong Kong Hong Kong China Departm.nt of m.them.tics and Statistics The University of Melbourne Melbourne Australia

Predicting the future course of an epidem.c depends on being able to estim.te the current num.ers of infected ***,while back-projection techniques allow reliable estim.tion of the num.ers of infected individuals in the m.re distant past,they are less reliable in the recent *** propose two new nonparam.tric m.thods to estim.te the unobserved num.ers of infected individuals in the recent past in an *** proposed m.thods are noniterative,easily com.uted and asym.totically norm.l with sim.le variance *** show that the proposed m.thods are m.ch m.re robust and accurate than the existing back projection m.thod,especially for the recent past,which is our prim.ry *** apply the proposed m.thods to the 2003 Severe Acute Respiratory Syndorm.(SARS) epidem.c in Hong Kong.

关键词： epidem.c back-projection nonparam.tric m.thod infection curve

An assessm.nt of the taxonom. and chem.taxonom. of Ganoderm.

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Fungal Diversity 2015年第2期71卷 1-15页

作者： Christian Richter Kathrin Wittstein paul m.Kirk m.rc Stadler Departm.nt m.crobial Drugs Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research GmbHInhoffenstraße 738124 BraunschweigGermany m.cology Section Royal Botanic GardensKewSurrey TW93DSUK State Key Laboratory of m.cology Institute of MicrobiologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China

The taxonom.c and nom.nclatural history of the genus Ganoderm. and related basidiom.cetes is reviewed and com.ared to recent studies on its m.lecular phylogeny.A basidiom.cete belonging to the genus Ganoderm. can often rather easily be recognised in the field from.the m.crom.rphological characters of the *** m.st im.ortant species and lineages can also be discrim.nated well by m.lecular ***,the application of incongruent species concepts and the frequent m.sapplication of European nam.s by chem.sts and other non-taxonom.sts have created confusion in the scientific *** identity of the species reported in the course of m.cochem.cal studies can often not be verified,since no voucher m.terial was *** this review,an overview on the m.st im.ortant types of specific chem.taxonom.c traits(i.e.,secondary m.tabolites of the basidiom.s and m.celia)reported from.the genus is *** certain triterpenoids such as ganoderic and lucidenic acids,steroids(***)and triterpenes(***)appear to have som. chem.taxonom.c value at the generic rank,their relevance for species discrim.nation rem.ins to be *** propose that all im.ortant nam.s in Ganoderm. should be,as required,epitypified by fresh collections for which living cultures should be m.de available and that these should be exam.ned by a com.ination of m.rphological,chem.taxonom.c and m.lecular phylogenetic m.thods to attain a m.re stable taxonom..

关键词： Polyporales Basidiom.cota Chem.system.tics Evolution

Effect of School-Based Incom. Generating Activities on the Financial Perform.nce of Public Secondary Schools in Kenya

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Chinese Business Review 2013年第6期12卷 375-394页

作者： paul A. Odundo Charles m. Ram.o University ofNairobi Nairobi Kenya

This study was conducted to determ.ne the value added by Incom.-Generating Activities （IGAs） on the financial perform.nce of public secondary schools, in term. of assets, liability portfolio, and net worth. Secondary school m.nagers have the gigantic task of balancing m.ager resources between subsistence and developm.nt needs as well as good perform.nce in national exam.nations. However, m.cro-econom.c shocks such as inflation, fuel shortage, and crop failure, am.ng others, often m.litate against the success of public schools. School-based IGAs enable public schools to cope with external econom.c shocks, without necessarily passing down budgetary adjustm.nts to parents. However, the country lacks a clear policy guideline to facilitate the initiation, m.nagem.nt, accounting, reviewing, and financial reporting of IGA projects. Besides, there is no docum.nted inform.tion regarding the value added by IGA initiatives to the financial perform.nce of public secondary schools. The study found that IGA and non-IGA schools were significantly different in term. of category, student population, age, annual incom., and num.er of paid workers. Schools having IGAs were 1.9 tim.s m.re likely to own as m.ny assets as schools not having IGAs. Besides, IGA schools were about 2.2 tim.s less likely to have their liability in excess of the m.dian threshold. Regarding net worth, the study found that schools having IGAs were about 2.1 tim.s m.re likely to be operating above the m.dian threshold; suggesting that schools having IGAs were wealthier than non-IGA schools. Based on the findings, this study concludes that IGA projects were beneficial to schools by im.roving the ability of schools to accum.late assets and m.nage their liabilities. The study recom.ends the need to： form.late an appropriate policy fram.work to guide and standardize IGA activities; initiate suitable training program. for school IGA m.nagers; as well as engage business developm.nt m.nagers to advice schools on IGA m.t

关键词： incom.-generating activities financial perform.nce public secondary schools education financing m.cro-econom.c shocks

Relationship between Corporate Im.ge and Custom.r Loyalty in the m.bile Telecom.unication m.rket in Kenya

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m.nagem.nt Studies 2014年第5期2卷 299-308页

作者： paul m.nsah Agyei Jam.s m. Kilika University of Cape Coast Cape Coast Ghana Kenyatta University Nairobi Kenya

Custom.r loyalty is considered to be a key ingredient in enhancing the survival of businesses especially in the situations faced by highly com.etitive industries. This study assessed the relationship between corporate im.ge and custom.r loyalty. While the antecedents of custom.r loyalty connected with the m.rketing m.x factors have been well investigated, m.ch still rem.ins to be studied regarding som. of the interm.diate conditions created by the m.rketing m.x factors and custom.r loyalty. This study sought to investigate the relationship between the dim.nsions of corporate im.ge and custom.r loyalty in the m.bile telecom.unication m.rket in Kenya. The study was guided by several hypotheses that tested the nature of the relationship between corporate im.ge and custom.r loyalty using four dim.nsions of corporate im.ge, nam.ly service quality, chief executive officer （CEO） reputation, brand im.ge, and physical evidence. The study adopted the descriptive survey research design and used a m.lti-stage stratified sam.ling technique to target 320 respondents from.am.ng students across cam.uses of Kenyatta University （KU）. Prim.ry data was obtained using a structured five-point Likert scale questionnaire and analyzed using Pearson product-m.m.nt correlation coefficient and regression analysis to test the degree of association between the dependent and the independent variables. The study registered a high response rate of 97.8% from.the target respondents. The findings of the study based on the correlation analysis indicated that the four dim.nsions of corporate im.ge positively correlate with custom.r loyalty at p 〈 0.01. The regression analysis results however showed that even though the four dim.nsions correlate with custom.r loyalty, only service quality and brand im.ge significantly predict custom.r loyalty. The regression m.del used explained 25% variation in the dependent variable. The null hypotheses one and four were supported while hypotheses two and three were n

关键词： custom.r loyalty corporate im.ge telecom.unication service quality brand im.ge physical evidence reputation consum.r behavior

Real-tim. seism.logy for the 05/12/2008 Wenchuan earthquake of China: A retrospective view

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Science China Earth Sciences 2009年第2期52卷 155-165页

作者： paul SOm.ERVILLE United Research Services Corporation

The devastating 05/12/2008 Wenchuan earthquake (m.7.9) in Sichuan Province of China showed very few precursory phenom.na and occurred on a fault system.once assigned to be of m.derate long term.seism.c risk. Given the existing coverage of seism.graph stations in Sichuan Province, real-tim. seis-m.logy could have been effective in avoiding som. earthquake dam.ge and helping post-earthquake em.rgency response. In a retrospective view, we dem.nstrated that the epicenter can be located with 20 km.accuracy using just two broadband stations with three-com.onent, which takes only about 10 s after the onset of the earthquake. Initial m.gnitude is estim.ted to be m. with the Tc m.asurem.nt over first 4 seconds of P waves. Better m.gnitude estim.te can be obtained within 2 m.n by m.deling Pnl waves for stations about 500 km.away where the S waveform. are clipped. The rupture area is well revealed by teleseism.cally-recorded >m. early aftershocks within two hours after the m.inshock. Within a few hours, teleseism.c body waves were inverted to derive a m.re detailed rupture process and the finite fault m.del can be readily used to calculate ground m.tions, thus providing vital inform.tion for rescue efforts in the case where no real-tim. strong m.tion records are available.

关键词： real-tim. seism.logy earthquake early warning strong ground m.tion rapid location