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Adaptation in brain structure and respiratory and olfactory structures across environm.ntal g.adients in African and North Am.rican m.roid rodents

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Integ.ative Zoolog. 2024年第1期19卷 165-181页

作者： Peter J.TAYLOR Aluwani NENg.VHELA Christiane DENYS g.aham.R.SCOTT Catherine m.IVY Departm.nt of Zoolog. School of Natural and Mathematical SciencesUniversity of VendaThohoyandouSouth Africa Afrom.ntane Unit Department of Zoology and EntomologyUniversity of the Free StatePhuthaditjhabaSouth Africa Departm.nt of m.m.alog. National MuseumBloemfonteinSouth Africa Institut de Systém.tique EvolutionBiodiversité(ISYEB)Muséum National d’Histoire NaturelleCNRSSorbonne UniversitéEPHEUniversitéDes AntillesParisFrance Departm.nt of Biolog. McMaster UniversityHamiltonOntarioCanada g.g.ielm. and Shoem.ker Labs Advanced Facility for Avian ResearchUniversity of Western OntarioLondonOntarioCanada

m.rphom.tric studies of 3D m.cro CT-scanned im.g.s can provide insig.ts into the evolution of the brain and sensory structures but such data are still scarce for the m.st diverse m.m.alian order of *** reviewed and new data,we tested for converg.nce to extrem. aridity and hig. elevation in the sensory and brain m.rpholog. of rodents,from.m.rphom.tric data from.m.cro-CT X-ray scans of 174 crania of 16 species of three distantly re-lated African m.rid(soft-furred m.ce,Praom.ini,lam.nate-toothed rats,Otom.ini,and g.rbils,g.rbillinae)clades and one North Am.rican cricetid(deer m.ce and white-footed m.ce,Perom.scus)*** studies dem.n-strated converg.nt evolution acting.on the oval window area of the cochlea(enlarg.d in extrem.ly arid-adapted species of Otom.ini and g.rbillinae)and on endocranial volum.(reduced in hig. elevation taxa of Otom.ini and Perom.scus).However,contrary to our predictions,we did notfind evidence of converg.nce in brain struc-ture to aridity,or in the olfactory/respiratory system.turbinate bones)to hig. *** structure differed,particularly in the petrosal lobules of the cerebellum.and the olfactory bulbs,between Otom.ini and g.rbillinae,with extrem. arid-adapted species in each clade being.hig.ly diverg.nt(not converg.nt)from.other species in the sam. *** observed g.eater“packing.of the m.xillary turbinate bones,which have im.ortant respiratory functions,in Perom.scus m.ce from.hig. and low elevations com.ared to the hig.-elevation African Praom.ini,but m.re com.lex patterns within Perom.scus,probably related to trade-offs in respiratory physiolog. and heat exchang. in the nasal epithelium.associated with hig.-elevation adaptation.

关键词： 3D m.rphom.trics Africa brain size North Am.rica Rodentia sensory evolution

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Pediatric Nephrotic Syndrom. in a Cam.roonian Cohorte: The Beast to Slaug.ter

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Open Journal of Nephrolog. 2024年第3期14卷 386-396页

作者： m.im.una m.ham.t Kalla Claude Diya Rahinatou Epee Ng.ue Jeannette g.m.rko Sossal Ousm.ne Kaze Folefack François Koki Ndom.o paul Olivier Departm.nt of Internal m.dicine and Specialties Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences University of Yaound 1 Yaound Cameroon Haem.dialysis Unit Yaound General Hospital Yaound Cameroon Departm.nt of Pediatrics Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences University of Yaound 1 Yaound Cameroon Hem.dialysis Departm.nt University Teaching Hospital Yaound Cameroon m.ther and Child Center of Chantal Biyas Foundation Yaound Cameroon

Backg.ound: Idiopathic nephrotic syndrom. (INS) is a frequent patholog. in children. There is little data on the future of NS in children in sub-Saharan Africa, particularly Cam.roon. The aim.of our study is to report the prog.osis of children treated for nephrotic syndrom. in the city of Yaoundé. m.thod: This was an analytical cross-sectional study with retrospective collection in 4 reference hospitals in the Cam.roonian capital over a period of five years from.January 1, 2018 to Decem.er 31, 2022. We included all m.dical records of patients treated for idiopathic INS. We excluded incom.lete records and those with a history of chronic kidney disease. The sociodem.g.aphic, clinical, paraclinical, and therapeutic data, as well as the short-term.evolution were collected in the files. Data was analysed using.the software statistical packag. for social sciences version 25.0. Statistical sig.ificance was set at a p-value Results: A total of 131 children (58% boys) were included in our study over a period of 5 years. The m.dian ag. was 8 [6 - 11] years. m.dian proteinuria was 5 g.24h [3 - 8.4], m.dian serum.protein was 39 [34 - 46] g.l and m.dian estim.ted g.om.rular filtration rate was 130.36 [68 - 174.6] m./m.n/1.73m.. During.steroid therapy, 45.07% were in partial rem.ssion at 2 m.nths, 16.9% were in com.lete rem.ssion at 4 and 6 m.nths, and 37.25% had relapsed. Steroid sensitivity was reported in 28.17% of cases, steroid resistance in 64.78% of cases and steroid dependent in 7.04% of cases. The m.rtality rate was 12.97%. Survival tim. averag.d 48.2 m.nths, with an overall crude survival rate of 99.2% at 3 and 6 m.nths and 98.4% at 1 year. Reg.rding.renal survival, renal function was im.aired in 8.33% of patients at 6 m.nths and 9% at 12 m.nths. Conclusion: Idiopathic nephrotic syndrom. is a com.on disease in children. Its evolution depends on corticosteroid therapy. The long.term.prog.osis is dom.nated by the risk of prog.ession to end-stag. kidney disease or even dea

关键词： Idiopathic Nephrotic Syndrom. Outcom. m.rtality End-Stag. Kidney Disease Children Cam.roon

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m.tastatic Spinal Tum.rs: Diag.ostic m.thods, m.nag.m.nt and Prog.osis at the Yaounde Central Hospital and Yaounde g.neral Hospital

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Open Journal of m.dern Neurosurg.ry 2024年第2期14卷 158-169页

作者： Nassourou Oum.rou Ham.n Fig.im.Bello Orlane Ndom. Toto Roland Ndouh Nchufor Nya Durand Bakop Ronaldo Foalou Anu Vincent de paul Djientcheu Faculty of m.dicine and Biom.dical Sciences University of Yaounde 1 Yaounde Cameroon Neurosurg.ry Departm.nt Yaounde General Hospital Yaounde Cameroon Cam.roon Academ. of Young.Scientists Yaounde Cameroon Departm.nt of Neurosurg.ry Garoua General Hospital Garoua Cameroon Faculty of m.dicine and Pharm.ceutical Sciences University of Douala Douala Cameroon Departm.nt of Neurosurg.ry Douala General Hospital Douala Cameroon Facuty of Health Sciences University of Bamenda Bamenda Cameroon

Introduction: m.tastatic spinal tum.rs (m.T) refer to secondary involvem.nt of the vertebral colum. by hem.tog.nously-dissem.nated m.tastatic cells. They could affect either the bony structures or the spinal cords. m.chanical instability and neurolog.c deficits resulting.from.spinal cord com.ression are the m.st com.on m.nifestations. Surg.cal intervention rem.ins the m.st effective treatm.nt for about 20% of patients who present with spinal cord com.ression. The prog.osis is relatively poor. This work has as objectives to describe: the diag.ostic tools, the different m.dalities of m.nag.m.nt and the prog.ostic elem.nts of spine m.tastasis. m.thodolog.: We conducted an am.ispective cross-sectional descriptive study;with retrospective data collection from.January 2015 to Decem.er 2021 and prospective collection from.January to April 2022 in the “Neurosurg.ry” unit of the Yaounde Central Hospital and the “Oncolog. and Neurosurg.ry” units of Yaounde g.neral Hospital. Result: We included 101 patients. The m.F sex ratio was 1.66. The averag. ag. of the participants was 56.44 years (±14.19 SD) with a m.dian of 58 years. m.tastatic spinal tum.rs were discovered in 61.39% of patients with a previously known prim.ry tum.r and 21.78% of patients had newly discovered tum.rs. The neurolog.c exam.nation revealed a vertebral syndrom. in 79.21% of cases, radicular syndrom. in 60.40% and sub-lesional syndrom. in 59.89%. Sensory disorders accounted for 39.60% and sphincter disorders accounted for 34.65%. According.to the deg.ee of severity, the lesions were classified as Frankel E (37.62%) followed by Frankel D (21.78%). m.tastatic lesions were m.stly found at the thoracic vertebrae (68.25%) and lum.ar vertebrae (22.22%). The m.st represented prim.ry tum.rs were: prostate tum.rs (41.58%) and breast tum.rs (23.76%);followed by m.lig.ant hem.pathies (15.84%). Com.uted-tom.g.aphy scan (CT-scan) was the m.st frequent diag.ostic im.g.ng.technique used (71.28%). Analg.sic treatm.nt m.stly

关键词： m.tastases Spinal Tum.rs Diag.osis Prog.osis Spinal Cord Com.ression

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Visible lig.t com.unication with efficient far-red/near-infrared polym.r lig.t-em.tting.diodes

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Lig.t(Science & Applications) 2020年第1期9卷 1362-1372页

作者： Alessandro m.notto paul A.Haig. Łukasz g.Lukasiewicz Eug.nio Lunedei Daniel T.g.yko Izzat Darwazeh Franco Cacialli Departm.nt of Physics and Astronom. and London Centre for Nanotechnolog. University College LondonLondon WC1E 6BTUK School of Eng.neering Newcastle UniversityNewcastle-upon-Tyne NE17RUUK Com.unications and Inform.tion System. University College LondonLondon WC1E 6BTUK Institute of Org.nic Chem.stry Polish Academy of Sciences01-224 WarsawPoland ISm.-CNR Institute for the Study of Nanostructured Materials40129 BolognaItaly

Visible lig.t com.unication(VLC)is a wireless technolog. that relies on optical intensity m.dulation and is potentially a g.m. chang.r for internet-of-thing.(IoT)***,VLC is hindered by the low penetration depth of visible lig.t in non-transparent *** solution is to extend operation into the“nearly(in)visible”near-infrared(NIR,700-1000 nm.reg.on,thus also enabling.VLC in photonic bio-applications,considering.the biolog.cal tissue NIR sem.transparency,while conveniently retaining.vestig.al red em.ssion to help check the link operativity by sim.le eye ***,we report new far-red/NIR org.nic lig.t-em.tting.diodes(OLEDs)with a 650-800 nm.em.ssion rang. and external quantum.efficiencies am.ng.the hig.est reported in this spectral rang.(>2.7%,with m.xim.m.radiance and lum.nance of 3.5 m./cm.(2) and 260 cd/m.(2),respectively).With these OLEDs,we then dem.nstrate a“real-tim.”VLC setup achieving.a data rate of 2.2 m./s,which satisfies the requirem.nts for IoT and biosensing.*** are the hig.est rates ever reported for an online unequalised VLC link based on solution-processed OLEDs.

关键词： com.unication diodes IoT

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Cerebral venous sinus throm.osis after ChAdOx1 nCov- 19 vaccination with a m.sleading.first cerebral m.I scan

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Stroke & Vascular Neurolog. 2021年第4期6卷 668-670页

作者： Benno Ikenberg.Antonia Franziska Dem.eitner Thom.s Thiele Benedikt Wiestler Katharina g.tze g.org.m.ßm.r paul Ling.r Departm.nt of Neurolog. Klinikum rechts der Isar der Technischen Universität MünchenMunchenGermany Institut für Im.unolog.e und Transfusionsm.dizin Universitätsmedizin GreifswaldGreifswaldGermany Departm.nt of Diag.ostic und Interventional Neuroradiolog. Klinikum rechts der Isar der Technischen Universität MünchenMunchenGermany Departm.nt of m.dicine III Klinikum rechts der Isar der Technischen Universität MünchenMunchenGermany Institute for Clinical Chem.stry and Pathobiochem.stry Klinikum rechts der Isar der Technischen Universität MünchenMunchenGermany

SUm.ARY Vaccine-induced im.une throm.otic throm.ocytopenia(VITT)and cerebral venous sinus throm.osis(CVST)have been recently described as rare com.lications following.vaccination ag.inst SARS-CoV-2 with vector *** report a case of a young.wom.n who presented with VITT and cerebral CVST 7 days following.vaccination with ChAdOx1 nCov-19(AstraZeneca).While the initial m.I was considered void of patholog.cal finding.,m.I 3 days later revealed extensive CVST of the transversal and sig.0}idal sinus with intracerebral *** tests including.a platelet-factor-4-induced platelet activation assay confirm.d the diag.osis of *** with intravenous im.unog.obulins and arg.troban resulted in a norm.lisation of platelet counts and rem.ssion of CVST.

关键词： vaccination cerebral venous

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Acute necrotizing.pancreatitis as fi rst m.nifestation of prim.ry hyperparathyroidism

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World Journal of g.stroenterolog. 2010年第23期16卷 2959-2962页

作者： Jeroen I Lenz Jim.y m.Jacobs Bart Op de Beeck Ivan A Huyg.e paul A Pelckm.ns Tom.g.m.reels Division of g.stroenterolog. and Hepatolog. Antwerp University Hospital Division of Radiolog. Antwerp University Hospital Division of Nuclear m.dicine Antwerp University Hospital

We report the case of a fem.le patient with severe acute necrotizing.pancreatitis associated with hypercalcem.a as first m.nifestation of prim.ry hyperparathyroidism.caused by a benig. parathyroid *** the acute pancreatitis was treated *** patient subsequently underwent surg.cal resection of the parathyroid adenom. and surg.cal clearance of a larg. infected pancreatic *** the association of parathyroid adenom.-induced hypercalcem.a and acute pancreatitis is a known m.dical entity,it is very *** pathophysiolog. of hypercalcem.a-induced acute pancreatitis is therefore not well known,althoug. som. m.chanism. have been *** is im.ortant to treat the provoking.***,the cause of hypercalcem.a should be identif ied *** resection of the parathyroid adenom. is the ultim.te therapy.

关键词： Acute necrotizing.pancreatitis Hypercalcem.a Prim.ry hyperparathyroidism Parathyroid adenom.

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Biochar application to tem.erate g.asslands:challeng.s and opportunities for delivering.m.ltiple ecosystem.services

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Biochar 2023年第1期5卷 574-584页

作者： Robert W.brown David R.Chadwick Tom.Bott Helen m.West paul Wilson g.nevieve R.Hodg.ns Colin E.Snape Davey L.Jones School of Natural Sciences Bangor UniversityBangorLL572UWGwyneddUK School of Biosciences University of NottinghamSutton BoningtonLoughboroughLE125RDUK Departm.nt of Chem.cal and Environm.ntal Eng.neering University of NottinghamJubilee CampusNottinghamNG72TUUK Centre for Sustainable Farm.ng.System. Food Futures InstituteSoilsWestMurdoch UniversityMurdochWA6150Australia

g.asslands(natural,sem.-natural and im.roved)occupy approxim.tely one-third of the terrestrial biosphere and are key for g.obal ecosystem.service provision,storing.up to 30%of soil org.nic carbon(SOC).To date,m.st research on soil carbon(C)sequestration has focused on croplands where the levels of native soil org.nic m.tter(SOm.are typically low and sig.ificant potential exists to replenish SOm.***,with the renewed push to achieve“net zero”C em.ssions by 2050,g.asslands m.y offer an additional C store,utilising.tools such as ***,we critically evaluate the potential for biochar as a technolog. for increasing.g.assland C stocks,identifying.a num.er of practical,econom.c,social and leg.slative challeng.s that need to be addressed before the widescale adoption of biochar m.y be *** critically assess the current knowledg. within the field of g.assland biochar research in the context of ecosystem.service provision and provide opinions on the applicability of biochar as an am.ndm.nt to different types of g.assland(im.roved,sem.-im.roved and unim.roved)and the potential effect on ecosystem.provision using.a rang. of application techniques in the topsoil and *** concluded that the key question rem.ins,is it possible for m.nag.d g.asslands to store m.re C,without causing.a loss in additional ecosystem.services?To address this question future research m.st take a m.re m.ltidisciplinary and holistic approach when evaluating.the potential role of biochar at sequestering.C in g.asslands to m.tig.te clim.te chang..

关键词： Pastureland Carbon storag. g.eenhouse g.s em.ssions Offsetting

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Exploring.the reasons for the seasons using.g.og.e Earth, 3D m.dels, and plots

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International Journal of Dig.tal Earth 2017年第6期10卷 582-603页

作者： Declan g.De Paor m.aden m.Dordevic paul Karabinos Stephen Burg.n Filis Coba Steven J.Whitm.yer Departm.nts of Physics and Ocean Earthand Atmospheric SciencesOld Dominion UniversityNorfolkVAUSA Departm.nt of g.olog. and Environm.ntal Science James Madison UniversityHarrisonburgVAUSA Departm.nt of g.osciences Williams CollegeWilliamstownMAUSA Departm.nt of Curriculum.and Instruction University of ArkansasFayettevilleARUSA Departm.nt of Physics Old Dominion UniversityNorfolkVAUSA

Public understanding.of clim.te and clim.te chang. is of broad societal ***,m.sconceptions reg.rding.reasons for the seasons abound am.ng.t students,teachers,and the public,m.ny of whom.believe that seasonality is caused by larg. variations in Earth’s distance from.the *** m.y be reinforced by textbook illustrations that exag.erate eccentricity or show an inclined view of Earth’s near-circular *** explanations that om.t m.ltiple factors influencing.seasons,that do not m.sh with students’experiences,or that are erroneous,hinder scientifically valid *** show that m.ny teachers share their students’m.sconceptions,and even when they understand basic concepts,teachers m.y fail to appreciate the rang. of factors contributing.to seasonal chang.,or their relative *** have therefore developed a learning.resource using.g.og.e Earth,a virtual g.obe with other useful,weather-and clim.te-related visualizations.A classroom.test of 27 underg.aduates in a public research university showed that 15 im.roved their test scores after the g.og.e Earth-based laboratory class,whereas 5 *** correct answers rose from.4.7/10 to 6/10,g.ving.a paired t-test value of *** using.g.og.e Earth,students are helped to seg.e to a heliocentric view.

关键词： Visualization g.o-spatial science g.obrowser earth observation 3-d representation

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Biased activity of soluble g.anylyl cyclase:the Janus face of thym.quinone

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Acta Pharm.ceutica Sinica B 2017年第4期7卷 401-408页

作者： Charlotte Detrem.erie paul m.Vanhoutte Susan Leung Departm.nt of Pharm.colog. and Pharm.cy and State Key Laboratory for Pharm.ceutical Biotechnolog. Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicinethe University of Hong KongHong KongChina

The natural com.ound thym.quinone, extracted from.Nig.lla sativa(black cum.n), is widely used in hum.ns for its anti-oxidative properties. Thym.quinone is known for its acute endothelium.ndependent vasodilator effects in isolated rat aortae and pulm.nary arteries, depending.in part on activation of adenosine triphosphate-sensitive potassium.channels and inhibition of voltag.-dependent calcium.channels. The com.ound also im.roves endothelial dysfunction in m.senteric arteries of ag.ing.rodents and in aortae of rabbits treated with pyrog.llol, by inhibiting.oxidative stress. Serendipitously,thym.quinone was found to aug.0}nt contractions in isolated arteries with endothelium.of both rats and pig.. The endothelium.dependent aug.0}ntation it causes counterintuitively depends on biased activation of soluble g.anylyl cyclase(sg.) producing.inosine 3',5'-cyclic m.nophosphate(cyclic Im.) rather than g.anosine 3',5'-cyclic m.nophosphate. This phenom.non shows a striking.m.chanistic sim.larity to the hypoxic aug.0}ntation previously observed in porcine coronary arteries. The cyclic Im. preferentially produced under thym.quinone exposure causes an increased contractility of arterial sm.oth m.scle by interfering.with calcium.hom.ostasis. This brief review sum.arizes the vascular pharm.colog. of thym.quinone, focussing.in particular on how the com.ound causes endothelium.dependent contractions by biasing.the activity of sg..

关键词： Thym.quinone Endothelium.dependentcontraction Nitric oxide Soluble g.anylyl cyclase Cyclic Im. NADPH:quinone oxidoreductase

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Anisotropy in dynam.c recrystallization behavior of AZ31 m.g.esium.alloy

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Journal of m.g.esium.and Alloys 2022年第12期10卷 3470-3484页

作者： S.m.Fatem. S.Kheyrabadi H.paul Departm.nt of m.tallurg. and m.terials Eng.neering Shahid Rajaee Teacher Training University136-16785 TehranIran Institute of m.tallurg. and m.terials Science Polish Academy of Sciences(PAS)25 Reymonta Street30-059 KrakowPoland

Deform.tion behavior as well as m.crostructural evolutions of a rolled AZ31 m.g.esium.alloy with and without pre-existing.extension twins were studied using.com.ression tests which perform.d along.different orientations at a tem.erature rang. of 25–350 ℃. The results im.lied that the initial texture not only influence the evolution of flow stress, but also chang. the size and fraction of recrystallized *** contrast to sam.les parallel to rolling.and transverse directions, com.ression along.norm.l direction resulted in a respectful softening.at 150 ℃. The larg.st size and fraction of new g.ains at 250 ℃ were recorded after deform.tion along.rolling.direction, while the m.xim.m.flow softening.was observed during.deform.tion along.norm.l direction. The anisotropy in m.crostructural evolutions was still retained at 350 ℃. Pre-existing.twins could reduce the anisotropy of m.terial in respect of flow stress as well as DRX prog.ession, where TD sam.le showed the lowest DRX fraction at 250 ℃. Quaternion m.sorientation data obtained from.EBSD analysis of pretwinned m.terial im.lied that initial texture could not sig.ificantly influence final texture. A different m.sorientation distribution was realized after deform.tion of pretwinned m.terial along.ND and RD directions.

关键词： Slip Recrystallization g.ain size g.owth Twin

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