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Applied m.them.tics 2017年第4期8卷 550-561页

作者： paul g. Bam.erg Departm.nt of m.them.tics Harvard University Cambridge Massachusetts USA

“Consang.inity” is a g.nder-neutral term.for “fraternity” or “sorority.” Initially a consang.inity includes m.m.le m.m.ers and F fem.le m.m.ers. Each week a m.m.er, chosen at random. selects a new m.m.er, always of the sam. g.nder as the m.m.er m.king.the selection. This m.del for evolution is isom.rphic to the classic Pólya’s urn. The m.le and fem.le m.m.ers play the sam. roles as the red and black balls in the urn, and the procedure for selecting.a new m.m.er is equivalent to drawing.a ball from.the urn, then replacing.it and adding.a new ball of the sam. color. It is well known that for Pólya’s urn, the proportion of red balls in the urn is a m.rting.le. It follows that for a consang.inity, the proportion of the m.m.ership that is m.le is a m.rting.le. Furtherm.re, being.bounded, this m.rting.le converg.s to a lim.t. For a m.rting.le that is the sum.of independent random.variables, such as a sym.etric random.walk, there is also a well-known second-deg.ee m.rting.le from.which the variance of the lim.ting.distribution can be deduced. What the author discovered, in the process of solving.his own exam.nation problem. is that a sim.lar m.rting.le exists also for Pólya’s urn, even thoug. in this case the num.er of red balls is the sum.of random.variables that are not independent. This new m.rting.le can be used to calculate the variance of the lim.ting.distribution. Traditionally, the probability that r red balls will be drawn from.Pólya’s urn in n trials is derived by a rather tricky arg.m.nt involving.conditional probability. This article uses an obvious but overlooked sim.ler approach. Pólya’s form.la for the probability that m.m.le m.m.ers will be chosen in n weeks is derived, without any m.ntion of conditional probability, by an elem.ntary counting.arg.m.nt, and its lim.t is shown to be a beta distribution.

关键词： Pólya’s Urn m.rting.le m.rting.le Converg.nce Beta Distribution

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Identification of new g.netic risk factors for prostate cancer

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Asian Journal of Androlog. 2009年第1期11卷 49-55页

作者： m.chelle g.y Zsofia Kote-Jarai g.aham.g. g.les Ali Am.n Al Olam. Sarah K. Jug.rnauth Shani m.lholland Daniel A. Leong.m.m.ert Stephen m. Edwards Jonathan m.rrison Helen I. Field m.lissa C. Southey g.anluca Severi Jenny L. Donovan Freddie C. Ham.y David R Dearnaley Kenneth R. m.ir Charm.ine Sm.th m.lisa Bag.ato Audrey T. Ardern-Jones Am.nda L. Hall Lynne T. O＇Brien Beatrice N. g.hr-Swain Rosem.ry A. Wilkinson Ang.la Cox Sarah Lewis paul m. brown.sameer g. jhavar m.lg.rzata Tym.akiewicz Artitaya Lophatananon Sarah L. Bryant The UK g.netic Prostate Cancer Study Collaborators British Association of Urolog.cal Surg.ons＇ Section of Oncolog. and The UK ProtecT Study Collaborators Alan Horwich Robert A. Huddart Vincent S. Khoo Christopher C. Parker Christopher J. Woodhouse Alan Thom.son Tim.Christm.s Chris Og.en Cyril Fisher Charles Jam.son Colin S. Cooper Dallas R. Eng.ish John L. Hopper David E. Neal Doug.as E Easton Rosalind A. Eeles Section of Cancer g.netics The Institute of Cancer Research Sutton Surrey SM2 5NG UK Cancer Epidem.olog. Centre The Cancer Council Victoria Carlton VIC 3053 Australia Centre for m.lecular Environmental Genetic and Analytic Epidemiology The University of Melbourne Carlton VIC 3053 Australia Cancer Research UK g.netic Epidem.olog. Unit University of Cambridge Strangeways Laboratory Worts Causeway Cambridge CB1 8RN UK Departm.nt of Oncolog. University of Cambridge Strangeways Laboratory Worts Causeway Cambridge CB1 8RN UK g.netic Epidem.olog. Laboratory Department of Pathology The University of Melbourne Parkville VIC 3052 Australia Departm.nt of Social m.dicine University of Bristol Bristol BS8 2PR UK Academ.c Urolog. Unit University of Sheffield Sheffield SIO 2JF UK The Royal m.rsden NHS Foundation Trust Sutton Surrey SM2 5PT and London SW3 6JJ UK University of Notting.am.m.dical School Queens Medical Centre Nottingham NG7 2UH UK Institute for Cancer Studies University of Sheffield Sheffield SIO 2RX UK Surg.cal Oncolog. （Uro-Oncolog. S4） Departments of Oncology and Surgery University of Cambridge Addenbrooke＇s Hospital Cambridge CB2 2QQ UK A full list of authors is provided in the Supplem.ntary Note online Ka Shing Centre Cambridge CB2 ORE UK Cancer Research UK Cam.ridg. Research Institute Li Ka Shing Centre Cambridge CB2 ORE UK.

There is evidence that a substantial part of g.netic predisposition to prostate cancer （PCa） m.y be due to lower penetrance g.nes which are found by g.nom.-wide association studies. We have recently conducted such a study and seven new reg.ons of the g.nom. linked to PCa risk have been identified. Three of these loci contain candidate susceptibility g.nes： m.m., Lm.K2 and KLK2/3. The m.m. and KLK2/3 g.nes m.y be useful for PCa screening. and the Lm.K2 g.ne m.g.t provide a potential therapeutic targ.t. Tog.ther with results from.other g.oups, there are now 23 g.rm.ine g.netic variants which have been reported. These results have the potential to be developed into a g.netic test. However, we consider that m.rketing.of tests to the public is prem.ture, as PCa risk can not be evaluated fully at this stag. and the appropriate screening.protocols need to be developed. Follow-up validation studies, as well as studies to explore the psycholog.cal im.lications of g.netic profile testing. will be vital prior to roll out into healthcare.

关键词： prostate cancer g.netics susceptibility loci SNPs relative risks

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Com.utational synthesis of substrates by crystal cleavag.

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npj Com.utational m.terials 2021年第1期7卷 1336-1341页

作者： Joshua T.paul Alice g.ldi Christopher Parzyck Kyle m.Shen Jared m.xson Richard g.Hennig Departm.nt of m.terials Science and Eng.neering University of FloridaGainesvilleFLUSA Quantum.Theory Project University of FloridaGainesvilleFLUSA Departm.nt of Physics Cornell UniversityIthacaNYUSA Cornell Laboratory for Accelerator-Based Sciences and Education Cornell UniversityIthacaNYUSA

The discovery of substrate m.terials has been dom.nated by trial and error,opening.the opportunity for a system.tic *** g.nerate bonding.networks for m.terials from.the m.terials Project and system.tically break up to three bonds in the networks for three-dim.nsional *** cleavag. reduces the bonding.network to two periodic *** identify 4693 sym.etrically unique cleavag. surfaces across 2133 bulk crystals,4626 of which have a m.xim.m.m.ller index of *** characterize the likelihood of cleavag. by creating.m.nolayers of these surfaces and calculating.their therm.dynam.c stability using.density functional theory to discover 3991 potential ***,we identify distinct trends in the work of cleavag. and relate them.to bonding.in the three-dim.nsional *** illustrate the potential im.act of the substrate database by identifying.several im.roved epitaxial substrates for the transparent conductor *** open-source databases of predicted and com.ercial substrates are available at ***.

关键词： cleavag. bonding synthesis

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Prog.ostic role of selection criteria for liver transplantation in patients with hepatocellular carcinom.:Review and bibliom.tric

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iLIVER 2024年第1期3卷 52-61页

作者： Pam.la Scarlett Espinoza Loyola Diana Laura m.ratalla Bautista Karen Adela Hernández Bautista Elizabeth g.l White JoséAntonio g.nzález m.reno Daniel Ang.l Torres del Real Víctor m.nuel Páez Zayas Carla Escorza-m.lina Fernando m.ndrag.n Rodríg.ez Om.r Vásquez g.m.z Luis Jorg. Fernández López paul Santiag. m.g.ovejo Vázquez Isidoro Aczel Sánchez-Cedillo Víctor Jose Visag.Castillo Social Service Internship Universidad Nacional Autónoma de MéxicoMexico City 04510Mexico Social Service Internship Universidad AnahuacMexico City 04510Mexico Departm.nt of Surg.ry Division of Transplantation Surg.ry Hospital General de MéxicoMexico City 06720Mexico Departam.nt of g.stroenterolog. Division of HepatologyHospital General de MéxicoMexico City 06720Mexico Departm.net of Anesthesiolog. Hospital General de MéxicoMexico City 06720Mexico

Hepatocellular carcinom.(HCC)is one of the m.st com.on cancers in the world and is one of the leading.indications for liver transplantation,liver transplantation is the g.ld standard treatm.nt for end stag. liver *** is based up on radiolog.cal characteristics and rarely biopsy *** treatm.nt m.st be individualized to each patient to im.rove recurrences and *** this article,we focus on the different selection criteria for liver *** study aim.d to investig.te the distribution laws and research frontiers of international literature,so as to present holistic bibliom.tric evaluation of the studies on 5-year survival and disease-free recurrence in 5 years,according.to hepatocarcinom. criteria for liver *** paper aim. to review and analyze 5-year survival and disease-free recurrence based on hepatocarcinom. criteria for liver *** system.tically exam.nes and sum.arizes distribution characteristics and research frontiers throug. bibliom.tric analysis.A bibliog.aphic search was im.lem.nted in Pubm.d/m.dline,Clinical Key,Science Direct and Index m.dicus with m.SH term.,from.the year 1996–*** selected for transplantation using.the m.troticket 2.0(m.2)criteria had the hig.est overall survival along.with patients selected for transplantation using.the m.lan Criteria had the best 5-year disease-free *** m.troticket 2.0 criteria(m.2)and m.lan Criteria(m.)have shown the m.st favorable post-transplant outcom.s for patients with hepatocellular carcinom.(HCC).However,m. dem.nstrated the best 5-year disease-free recurrence rate,underscoring.the sig.ificance of taking.into account tum.r m.rpholog. and biolog. when determ.ning.the elig.bility of HCC patients for liver *** distribution characteristics and research frontiers by bibliom.trics concerning.prog.ostic role of selection criteria for liver transplantation in patients with hepatocellular carcinom. the collaboration

关键词： Hepatocellular carcinom. Liver transplantation Survival Criteria Recurrence Bibliom.trics

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Factor-Cluster Analysis and Effect of Particle Size on Total Recoverable m.tal Concentration in Sedim.nts of the Lower Tennessee River Basin

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Com.utational Water, Energ., and Environm.ntal Eng.neering 2016年第1期5卷 10-26页

作者： paul S. Okweye Karnita g. g.rner Anthony S. Overton Elica m. m.ss Colleg. of Eng.neering Technology & Physical Sciences Department of Physics Chemistry and Mathematics Alabama A&M University Normal AL USA Colleg. of Ag.icultural Life and Natural Sciences Department of Biology and Environmental Sciences Alabama A&M University Normal AL USA

Total recoverable concentration of five elem.nts of concern: Alum.num. Iron, m.ng.nese, Arsenic and Lead (Al, Fe, m., As, Pb) were m.asured by inductively coupled plasm. atom.c em.ssion spectrom.try, and m.ss spectrom.try. The results show that sedim.nt texture plays a controlling.role in the concentrations and their spatial distribution. Principal Com.onent Analysis and Cluster Analysis were used to analyze the g.ain sizes of the sedim.nts. Result of texture analysis classified the sam.les into three m.in com.onents in percentag.s: sand, silt, and clay. Sig.ificant differences am.ng.the elem.nt concentrations in the three g.oups were observed, and the concentrations of the elem.nts in each g.oup are reported in this study. m.st of the elem.nts have their hig.est concentrations in the fine-g.ained sam.les with clay playing.an im.ortant role, in com.arison with the sand com.onent of the soil/sedim.nt sam.les. There appears to be a strong.correlation between sam.les with hig. silt, and clay content with the areas of elevated concentrations for Al, Fe, and m.. There was a strong.correlation between alum.num.and lead with clay;lead with silt;and sand with m.ng.nese, alum.num. and lead. However, there was no strong.relationship between the soil textures and iron or arsenic. All elem.nts m.asured were statistically sig.ificant (at P ≤ 0.05) by watershed. The upland areas, and depositional areas’ spatial variation of elem.nt concentrations in the sedim.nts were also observed, which was in line with the spatial distribution of the g.ain size and was thoug.t to be related to the watersheds hydrolog.cal dynam.cs.

关键词： Total Recoverable m.tals Principal Com.onent Analysis Cluster Analysis Correlation Hydrolog.cal Dynam.cs

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Influences of Biochar and Biochar-m.neral Com.lex on m.corrhizal Colonisation and Nutrition of Wheat and Sorg.um

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Pedosphere 2015年第5期25卷 686-695页

作者： paul BLACKWELL Stephen JOSEPH paul m.NROE Hossain m.ANAWAR paul STORER Robert J.g.LKES Zakaria m.SOLAIm.N Departm.nt of Ag.iculture and Food Western Australia Geraldton Regional Office School of m.terials Science and Eng.neering University of New South WalesSydney Discipline of Chem.stry University of Newcastle University of Wollong.ng School of Earth and Environm.nt and UWA Institute of Ag.iculture The University of Western Australia Australian m.neral Fertilisers Pty Ltd. Soil Biolog. and m.lecular Ecolog. g.oup School of Earth and Environment and UWA Institute of AgricultureThe University of Western Australia

The hig. price of synthetic fertilisers and the price barrier for biochar as a soil am.ndm.nt have encourag.d the exploration of using.biochar in fertiliser replacem.nt form.lations. Biochars coupled with fertilisers can be applied at lower application rates to achieve benefits in plant g.owth and nutrition, as well as soil biolog.cal fertility. It is necessary to evaluate the use of biochar as a fertiliser substitute. Therefore, this study investig.ted the com.arative influences of biochars, including.Acacia salig.a （AS）, Sim.oa jarrah （S J） and Wundowie jarrah （W J）, m.neral fertiliser with m.crobes （m. ＋ m., biochar-m.neral com.lex （Bm.） and their com.ination on m.corrhizal colonisation, g.owth and nutrition of wheat in a g.asshouse experim.nt and sorg.um.in field conditions. Bm. ＋ m. ＋ m.treatm.nt produced hig.er m.corrhizal colonisation than m. ＋ m.alone, indicating.that Bm. had a sig.ificant role in increasing.m.corrhizal colonisation. SJ （treated with acetic acid） and m. ＋ m.treatm.nts, as well as AS ＋ m. ＋ m.application, showed sim.lar effects on m.corrhizal colonisation, but lower colonisation than the Bm. ＋ m. ＋ m.treatm.nt. Ovcrall~ the Bm. ＋ m. ＋ m.treatm.nt supported the m.xim.m.shoot, root and total plant dry weig.t followed by AS ＋ m. ＋ m.and WJ ＋ m. ＋ m. The m. ＋ m.treatm.nt had the m.xim.m.shoot N and K concentrations, while Bm. ＋ m. ＋ m.application had the m.xim.m.shoot P concentration. AS ＋ m. -4- m.and WJ ＋ m. ＋ m.treatm.nts supported the m.xim.m.N uptake by wheat shoots, while Bm. ＋ m. ＋ m.supported the m.xim.m.P uptake. The results showed that biochars and Bm.s could increase m.corrhizal colonisation, plant g.owth and nutrient uptake of wheat, particularly N, P, K, S and Zn. The field experim.nt confirm.d that Bm. application at a rate of 300 kg.ha-1 could increase the yield of irrig.ted sorg.um.on a loam.soil and provide better applied P use efficiency com.ared to a water-soluble fertiliser alone. These results indicated that biochar-based fer

关键词： carbon sequestration nutrient uptake P use efficiency soil biolog.cal fertility wheat production

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关于《〈垄断资本〉一些理论含义》的最后通信

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政治经济学季刊 2024年第1期3卷 117-133页

作者：保罗·巴兰保罗·斯威齐张雪琴当代著名马克思主义中共中央党校(国家行政学院)马克思主义学院

“最后通信”系保罗·巴兰和保罗·斯威齐于1964年2月底至3月初的往来通信,其内容主要同垄断资本缺失的理论章《一些理论含义》有关。这一章由巴兰于1962年起草,那时他们正在从事《垄断资本》的出版修订工作。关于《一些理论含义》的讨... 详细信息

“最后通信”系保罗·巴兰和保罗·斯威齐于1964年2月底至3月初的往来通信,其内容主要同垄断资本缺失的理论章《一些理论含义》有关。这一章由巴兰于1962年起草,那时他们正在从事《垄断资本》的出版修订工作。关于《一些理论含义》的讨论因巴兰于1964年3月26日溘然长逝而被迫中断。这些通信由约翰·贝拉米·福斯特编辑注释并首次公开发表~((1))。

关键词：理论含义垄断资本巴兰修订工作通信

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Catalytically altering.the redox pathway of sulfur in propylene carbonate electrolyte using.dual-nitrog.n/oxyg.n-containing.carbon

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Chinese Journal of Catalysis 2024年第8期63卷 224-233页

作者： Ling.ui Yu Heng.Zhang.Luyuan paul Wang.Sam.el Jun Hoong.Ong.Shibo Xi Bo Chen Rui g.o Ting.Wang.Yong.ua Du Wei Chen Ovadia Lev Zhichuan J.Xu School of Chem.stry and Chem.cal Eng.neering Wuhan Textile UniversityWuhan 430200HubeiChina School of m.terials Science and Eng.neering Nanyang Technological UniversitySingapore 639798Singapore Hubei Key Laboratory of Biom.ss Fibers&Eco-Dyeing.Finishing Wuhan Textile UniversityWuhan 430200HubeiChina Institute of Sustainability for Chem.cals Energy and Environment(ISCE2)Agency for ScienceTechnology and Research in Singapore(A*STAR)1 Pesek RoadJurong Island 627833Singapore Departm.nt of Chem.stry National University of SingaporeSingapore 117543Singapore Colleg. of the Environm.nt&Ecolog. Xiamen UniversityXiamen 361102FujianChina National Synchrotron Lig.t Source II Brookhaven National LaboratoryUptonNY 11973USA The Institute of Chem.stry The Hebrew University of JerusalemJerusalem 9190401Israel Sing.pore-HUJ Alliance for Research and Enterprise NEW-CREATE Phase IICampus for Research Excellence and Technological Enterprise(CREATE)Singapore138602Singapore Energ. Research Institute@NTU ERI@NInterdisciplinary Graduate SchoolNanyang Technological UniversitySingapore 639798Singapore

Carbonate electrolytes are one of the m.st desirable electrolytes for hig.-energ. lithium.sulfur batteries(LSBs)because of their successful im.lem.ntation in com.ercial Li-ion *** low-polysulfide-solubility feature of som. carbonate solvents also m.kes them.very prom.sing.for overcom.ng.the shuttle effects of ***,reg.lar sulfur electrodes experience undesired electrochem.cal m.chanism. in carbonate electrolytes due to side *** this study,we report a catalytic redox m.chanism.of sulfur in propylene carbonate(PC)electrolyte based on a com.ari-son *** catalytic m.chanism.is characterized by the interactions between polysulfides and dual N/O functional g.oups on the host carbon,which larg.ly prevents side reactions between pol-ysulfides and the carbonate *** a m.chanism.coupled with the low-polysulfide-solubility feature leads to stable cycling.of LSBs in PC *** dual N/O functional g.oups are identified via a density functional theory *** work provides an alternative route for enabling.LSBs in carbonate electrolytes.

关键词： Energ. storag. Lithium.sulfur battery Catalytic redox reaction Porous carbon Carbonate electrolyte

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Conductive polym.r scaffolds to im.rove neural recovery

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Neural Reg.neration Research 2017年第12期12卷 1976-1978页

作者： Shang.Song.paul m.g.org. Departm.nt of Neurolog. and Neurolog.cal Sciences Stanford University School of Medicine Stanford CA USA Stanford stroke Center and Stanford University School of m.dicine Stanford CA USA

Injuries to the nervous system.m.nifest in various form. rang.ng.from.stroke to traum.（i.e.,m.tor vehicle accidents,com.ats）to diabetic neuropathy as well as m.ny other neurolog.cal *** reg.neration rem.ins a com.lex biolog.cal process that is challeng.ng.to address *** is no effective m.dical treatm.nt for central nervous system.repair.

关键词： Conductive polym.r scaffolds im.rove neural recovery

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A Com.inatorial Optim.zed Knapsack Linear Space for Inform.tion Retrieval

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Com.uters, m.terials & Continua 2021年第3期66卷 2891-2903页

作者： Varg.ese S.Chooralil Vinodh P.Vijayan Biju paul m.m.Anishin Raj B.Karthikeyan g.m.nikandan Rajag.ri School of Eng.neering.Technolog. Kochi682039India m.ng.lam.Colleg. of Eng.neering Kottayam686631India Departm.nt of CSE Viswajyothi College of Engineering&TechnologyVazhakulam686670India School of Com.uting SASTRA Deemed To Be UniversityThanjavur613401India

Key inform.tion extraction can reduce the dim.nsional effects while evaluating.the correct preferences of users during.sem.ntic data ***,the classifiers are used to m.xim.ze the perform.nce of web-pag. recom.endation in term. of precision and *** recent m.thod disam.ig.ates contextual sentim.nt using.conceptual prediction with robustness,however the conceptual prediction m.thod is not able to yield the optim.l ***-dependent term. are prim.rily evaluated by constructing.linear space of context features,presum.ng.that if the term. com. tog.ther in certain consum.rrelated reviews,they are sem.ntically ***,the m.re frequently they coexist,the g.eater the sem.ntic dependency ***,the influence of the term. that coexist with each other can be part of the frequency of the term. of their sem.ntic dependence,as they are non-integ.ative and their individual m.aning.cannot be *** this work,we consider the streng.h of a term.and the influence of a term.as a com.inatorial optim.zation,called Com.inatorial Optim.zed Linear Space Knapsack for Inform.tion Retrieval(COLSK-IR).The COLSK-IR is considered as a knapsack problem.with the total weig.t being.the“term.influence”or“influence of term.and the total value being.the“term.frequency”or“frequency of term.for sem.ntic data *** m.thod,by which the term.influence and the term.frequency are considered to identify the optim.l solutions,is called com.inatorial ***,we choose the knapsack for perform.ng.an integ.r prog.am.ing.problem.and perform.m.ltiple experim.nts using.the linear space throug. com.inatorial optim.zation to identify the possible optim.m.*** is evident from.our experim.ntal results that the COLSK-IR provides better results than previous m.thods to detect strong.y dependent snippets with m.nim.m.am.ig.ity that are related to inter-sentential context during.sem.ntic data analysis.

关键词： Key inform.tion extraction web-pag. context-dependent noninteg.ative com.inatorial optim.zation knapsack

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