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On the unipolarity of charge transport in methanofullerene diodes

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npj Flexible Electronics 2017年第1期1卷 100-105页

作者： Ardalan Armin Safa Shoaee Qianqian lin paul l.burn paul Meredith Centre for Organic Photonics&Electronics The University of QueenslandSt Lucia CampusBrisbaneQLD 4072Australia Centre for Engineered Quantum Systems School of Mathematics and PhysicsThe University of QueenslandSt Lucia CampusBrisbaneQLD 4072Australia Institute of Physics and Astronomy University of PotsdamKarl-Liebknecht-Straße 24-25Potsdam-Golm D-14476Germany Clarendon laboratory Department of PhysicsThe University of OxfordParks Road OxfordOxfordOX13PUUK Department of Physics Swansea UniversitySingleton ParkSwanseaWales SA28PPUK

Fullerenes are electron transporting organic semiconductors with a wide range of *** particular,methanofullerenes have been the preferred choice for solution-processed solar cells and *** wide applicability of fullerenes as both‘ntype’transport materials and electron acceptors is ***,what is still a matter of debate is whether the fullerenes can also support efficient transport of holes,particularly in diode *** this letter,we utilize a number of recently developed experimental methods for selective electron and hole mobility *** show for the two most widely used solution processable fullerenes,PC70-and-PC60BM,that whilst both exhibit electron mobilities as high as 10^(−3)cm^(2)/Vs,their hole mobilities arellerenes can be considered predominantly unipolar in diode configurations.

关键词： charge utilize polarity

Personal Information Self-Management:A Survey of Technologies Supporting Administrative Services

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Journal of Computer Science & Technology 2021年第3期36卷 664-692页

作者： paul Marillonnet Maryline laurent Mikaël Ates Entr'ouvert Paris 75014France SAMOVAR Télécom SudParisInstitut Polytechnique de ParisEvry 91000France

This paper presents a survey of technologies for personal data self-management interfacing with administrative and territorial public service *** classifies a selection of scientific technologies into four categories of solutions:Personal Data Store(PDS),Identity Manager(IdM),Anonymous Certificate System and Access Control Delegation *** category,along with its technological approach,is analyzed thanks to 18 identified functional criteria that encompass architectural and communication aspects,as well as user data lifecycle *** originality of the survey is ***,as far as we know,there is no such thorough survey covering such a panel of a dozen of existing ***,it is the first survey addressing Personally Identifiable Information(PII)management for both administrative and private service ***,this paper achieves a functional comparison of solutions of very different technical *** outcome of this paper is the clear identification of functional gaps of each *** a result,this paper establishes the research directions to follow in order to fill these functional gaps.

关键词： personal information management privacy enforcement user-centric solution technological survey

Distinguishing normal brain aging from the development of Alzheimer＇s disease：inflammation,insulin signaling and cognition

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Neural Regeneration Research 2018年第10期13卷 1719-1730页

作者： paul Denver paula l.McClean Greater los Angeles Veterans Affairs Healthcare System West Los Angeles Medical Center and Department of NeurologyUniversity of CaliforniaLos AngelesCAUSA Centre for Molecular Biosciences University of UlsterColeraine Northern Ireland UK Northern Ireland Centre for Stratified Medicine ClinicalTranslational and Research Innovation Centre (C-TRIC)University of UlsterDerry/Londonderry Northern Ireland UK

As populations age, prevalence of Alzheimer＇s disease（AD） is rising. Over 100 years of research has provided valuable insights into the pathophysiology of the disease, for which age is the principal risk factor. However, in recent years, a multitude of clinical trial failures has led to pharmaceutical corporations becoming more and more unwilling to support drug development in AD. It is possible that dependence on the amyloid cascade hypothesis as a guide for preclinical research and drug discovery is part of the problem. Accumulating evidence suggests that amyloid plaques and tau tangles are evident in non-demented individuals and that reducing or clearing these lesions does not always result in clinical improvement. Normal aging is associated with pathologies and cognitive decline that are similar to those observed in AD, making differentiation of AD-related cognitive decline and neuropathology challenging. In this mini-review, we discuss the difficulties with discerning normal, age-related cognitive decline with that related to AD. We also discuss some neuropathological features of AD and aging, including amyloid and tau pathology, synapse loss, inflammation and insulin signaling in the brain, with a view to highlighting cognitive or neuropathological markers that distinguish AD from normal aging. It is hoped that this review will help to bolster future preclinical research and support the development of clinical tools and therapeutics for AD.

关键词： Alzheimer's disease aging inflammation cognitive function spatial learning insulin signaling synapses cytokines

Edge-Aware level Set Diffusion and Bilateral Filtering Reconstruction for Image Magnification

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Journal of Computer Science & Technology 2009年第4期24卷 734-744页

作者：黄华臧彧 paul l.Rosin 齐春 School of Electronics and Information Engineering Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an 710049 China School of Computer Science Cardiff University Cardiff U.K.

In this paper we propose an image magnification reconstruction method. In recent years many interpolation algorithms have been proposed for image magnification, but all of them have defects to some degree, such as jaggies and blurring. To solve these problems, we propose applying post-processing which consists of edge-aware level set diffusion and bilateral filtering. After the initial interpolation, the contours of the image are identified. Next, edge-aware level set diffusion is applied to these significant contours to remove the jaggies, followed by bilateral filtering at the same locations to reduce the blurring created by the initial interpolation and level set diffusion. These processes produce sharp contours without jaggies and preserve the details of the image. Results show that the overall RMS error of our method barely increases while the contour smoothness and sharpness are substantially improved.

关键词： computer application image magnification reconstruction edge-aware level set diffusion bilateral filtering

Scaling the Microphysics Equations and Analyzing the Variability of Hydrometeor Production Rates in a Controlled Parameter Space

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2002年第4期19卷 619-650页

作者： Chungu lu paul Schultz and Gerald l Browning NOAA Forecast Systems laboratory Boulder Colorado USA Cooperative Institute for Research in the Atmosphere Colorado State University Fort Collins Colorado USA

A set of microphysics equations is scaled based on the convective length and velocity scales. Comparisons are made among the dynamical transport and various microphysical processes. From the scaling analysis, it becomes apparent which parameterized microphysical processes present off-scaled influences in the integration of the set of microphysics equations. The variabilities of the parameterized microphysical processes are also studied using the approach of a controlled parameter space. Given macroscopic dynamic and thermodynamic conditions in different regions of convective storms, it is possible to analyze and compare vertical profiles of these processes. Bulk diabatic heating profiles for a cumulus convective updraft and downdraft are also derived from this analysis. From the two different angles, the scale analysis and the controlled-parameter space approach can both provide an insight into and an understanding of microphysics parameterizations.

关键词： cloud microphysical parameterization scale analysis controlled parameter space numerical weather prediction

large-scale industrial manufacturing of carbon nanotubes in a continuous inclined mobile-bed rotating reactor via the catalytic chemical vapor deposition process

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Frontiers of Chemical Science and Engineering 2017年第2期11卷 280-289页

作者： Sophie l. Pirard Sigrid Douven Jean-paul Pirard laboratory of Chemical Engineering Department of Chemical Engineering University of Liege B-4000 Liege Belgium

This article reports the different steps of the design, development and validation of a process for continuous production of carbon nanotubes （CNTs） via catalytic chemical vapor deposition from the laboratory scale to the industrial production. This process is based on a continuous inclined mobile-bed rotating reactor and very active catalysts using methane or ethylene as carbon source. The importance of modeling taking into account the hydrodynamic, physicochemical and physical phenomena that occur during CNT production in the process analysis is emphasized. The impact of this invention on the environment and human health is taken into consideration too.

关键词： carbon nanotubes catalytic chemical vapor deposition inclined rotating reactor industrial process scaling-up

Field distortion by a single cavity in HVDC XlPE cable under steady state

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High Voltage 2016年第3期1卷 107-114页

作者： Miao He George Chen paul l.lewin Faculty of Physics and Applied Science School of Electronic and Computer ScienceUniversity of SouthamptonSouthamptonUK

Electric field distribution in high voltage direct current(HVDC)cross-linked polyethylene(XlPE)cable at steady state is researched in this *** the condition that no cavity exists,equations describing the critical temperature difference for field reversal,and electric field distribution at steady state are *** the cable with cavity is studied via the finite element analysis method,2D and 3D model can be two possible *** comparison between these two models provides the reference for model selection so that the problem can be solved *** study field enhancement by a single air-filled cavity at steady state,some possibly influenced factors are considered,including the cavity location,cavity size,cavity shape,temperature difference and material *** equation describing field enhancement is given in the study.

关键词： XlPE cavity state

When multi-functional landscape meets Critical Zone science:advancing multi-disciplinary research for sustainable human well-being

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National Science Review 2019年第2期6卷 349-358页

作者： Ying luo Yihe lü Bojie Fu paul Harris lianhai Wu Alexis Comber State Key laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Joint Center for Global Change Studies Rothamsted Research North Wyke School of Geography University of Leeds

Environmental degradation has become one of the major obstacles to sustainable development and human well-being internationally. Scientific efforts are being made to understand the mechanism of environmental degradation and sustainability. Critical Zone(CZ) science and research on the multi-functional landscape are emerging fields in Earth science that can contribute to such scientific efforts. This paper reviews the progress, similarities and current status of these two scientific research fields, and identifies a number of opportunities for their synergistic integration through functional and multi-functional approaches,process-based monitoring, mechanistic analyses and dynamic modeling, global long-term and networked monitoring and systematic modeling supported by scaling and deep coupling. These approaches proposed in this paper have the potential to support sustainable human well-being by strengthening a functional orientation that consolidates multi-functional landscape research and CZ science. This is a key challenge for sustainable development and human well-being in the twenty-first century.

关键词： multi-functional landscapes Critical Zone ecosystem services sustainable development human well-being

On the origin of X-shaped radio galaxies

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Research in Astronomy and Astrophysics 2012年第2期12卷 127-146页

作者： Gopal-Krishna Peter l.Biermann lszló .Gergely paul J.Wiita National Centre for Radio Astrophysics TIFRPune University Campus Max Planck Institute for Radioastronomy Department of Physics & Astronomy University of Bonn Department of Physics & Astronomy University of Alabama Department of Physics University of Alabama at Huntsville KIT-Karlsruhe Institute for Technology Institute for Experimental Nuclear Physics Department of Theoretical Physics University of Szeged Department of Experimental Physics University of Szeged Department of Physics The College of New Jersey

After a brief, critical review of the leading explanations proposed for the small but important subset of radio galaxies showing an X-shaped morphology （XRGs） we propose a generalized model, based on the jet-shell interaction and spin- flip hypotheses. The most popular scenarios for this intriguing phenomenon invoke either hydrodynamical backflows and over-pressured cocoons or rapid jet reorienta- tions, presumably from the spin-flips of central engines following the mergers of pairs of galaxies, each of which contains a supermassive black hole. We confront these models with a number of key observations, and thus argue that none of the models is capable of explaining the entire range of the salient observational properties of XRGs, although some of the arguments raised in the literature against the spin-flip scenario are probably not tenable. We then propose a new scenario which also involves galac- tic mergers but would allow the spin of the central engine to maintain its direction. Motivated by detailed multi-band observations of the nearest radio galaxy, Centaurus A, this new model emphasizes the role of the interactions between the jets and the shells of stars and gas that form and rotate around the merged galaxy and can cause temporary deflections of the jets, occasionally giving rise to an X-shaped radio struc- ture. Although each model is likely to be relevant to a subset of XRGs, the bulk of the evidence indicates that most of them are best explained by the jet-shell interaction or spin-flip hypotheses.

关键词： galaxies: active - galaxies: jets - gravitational waves - ISM - radiocontinuum: galaxies