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Growth trends and environmental drivers of major tree species of the northern hardwood forest of eastern North America

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journal of Forestry Research 2023年第1期34卷 37-50页

作者： Rebecca L.Stern paul G.Schaberg Shelly A.Rayback Christopher F.Hansen paula F.Murakami Gary j.Hawley Rubenstein School of Environment and Natural Resources The University of VermontBurlingtonVT 05405USA ERM MalvernPA 19355USA Forest Service United States Department of AgricultureNorthern Research StationBurlingtonVT 05405USA Department of Geography The University of VermontBurlingtonVT 05405USA

The future health and productivity of tree species in the northern hardwood forest of eastern North America are uncertain considering changes in climate and pollution loading *** better understand the trajectory of the northern hardwood forest,we studied the growth of three tree species emblematic of it:sugar maple(Acer saccharum Marsh),American beech(Fagus grandifolia Ehrh.),and yellow birch(Betula alleghaniensis Britton),plus a fourth species,red maple(Acer rubrum L.),whose abundance has increased in the *** also analyzed the link between growth and several factors for690 trees in 45 plots throughout Vermont,USA:tree age and size,site elevation,and climate and acid deposition *** their chronologies(1945-2014),all four species exhibited increasing growth followed by plateaued growth indicative of a maturing *** all species,summer moisture was positively correlated with growth,summer temperature was negatively associated with growth,and winter moisture or snow were positively correlated with *** last association was expected for sugar ***,our data suggest that winter snowpack may be more broadly relevant in sustaining tree growth in a region where snow has historically insulated the soil from freezing that can damage roots and lead to reduced aboveground *** of pollution deposition were also correlated with growth for all species except American beech—a species with documented tolerance to pollutant *** the four species studied,red maple had the fewest associations with environmental variables,which suggests that it may be less susceptible to growth reductions as the climate changes.

关键词： Climate change Sugar maple Yellow birch American beech Red maple

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Advances in newly developing therapy for chronic hepatitis C virus infection

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Frontiers of Medicine 2014年第2期8卷 166-174页

作者： paul j. Pockros Division of Gastro/Hepatology Scripps Clinic 10666 N Torrey Pines Road N203 La Jolla CA 92067 USA

Chronic hepatitis C virus （HCV） infection afflicts a reported 170 million people worldwide and is often complicated by cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Morbidity and mortality are decreased with the successful treatment of chronic HCV infection. Increased understanding of the HCV has allowed further development of new direct-acting antiviral （DAA） agents against the HCV and has also allowed the development of IFN-free oral treatment regimens. In late 2013 the first nucleotide polymerase inhibitor regimen with RBV alone for genotypes 2/3 and in combination with a 12-week regimen of PEG-IFN ＋ RBV for genotypes 1, 4 was approved for use in the US. A number of promising new DAA regimens which are IFN-free are in phase 3 development and the first will likely be approved for use in the US in 2014. The currently approved regimens are discussed in detail and currently available data on future regimens are reviewed herein.

关键词： direct-acting antiviral (DAA) nucleotide polymerase inhibitors protease inhibitors

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The Bemisia tabaci Species Complex:Questions to Guide Future Research

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journal of Integrative Agriculture 2012年第2期11卷 187-196页

作者： paul j De Barro CSIRO Ecosystem Sciences Brisbane QLD 4001Australia

Since 2007 we have began to consider the relationships between the different members of the Bemisia tabaci species complex in a more structured and systematic *** of these relationships has been infered from considerations of a portion of the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase one（mtCOI）*** this is a quite limited approach which would benefit from the consideration of a much greater diversity of genetic material,it is the only publically available data that spans the diversity of the species *** the limitations,the phylogenetic reconstruction that can be derived from this data is useful and can be used as a basis to frame questions and construct testable hypotheses that will form the basis for future *** study uses the largest available mtCOI dataset,consisting of 383 unique mtCOI haplotypes that spans the full diversity of the *** species complex as we currently know it,to make a range of observations which are then used to develop questions as guide for future research.

关键词： mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase one phylogenetic analysis

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Aberrant calcium signalling downstream of mutations in TP53 and the PI3K/AKT pathway genes promotes disease progression and therapy resistance in triple negative breast cancer

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Cancer Drug Resistance 2022年第3期5卷 560-576页

作者： Alex j.Eustace Min jie Lee Grace Colley jack Roban Tim Downing paul j.Buchanan DCU Cancer Research Dublin City UniversityDublin D9Ireland National Institute Cellular Biotechnology Dublin City UniversityDublin D9Ireland School of Biotechnology Dublin City UniversityDublin D9Ireland School of Nursing Psychotherapyand Community HealthDublin City UniversityDublin D9Ireland

Triple-negative breast cancer(TNBC)is characterized as an aggressive form of breast cancer(BC)associated with poor patient *** the majority of patients,there is a lack of approved targeted ***,chemotherapy remains a key treatment option for these patients,but significant issues around acquired resistance limit its ***,TNBC has an unmet need for new targeted personalized medicine ***(Ca^(2+))is a ubiquitous second messenger that is known to control a range of key cellular processes by mediating signalling transduction and gene *** in Ca^(2+)through altered calcium channel expression or activity are known to promote tumorigenesis and treatment resistance in a range of cancers including *** evidence shows that this is mediated by Ca^(2+)modulation,supporting the function of tumour suppressor genes(TSGs)and *** review provides insight into the underlying alterations in calcium signalling and how itplays a key role in promoting disease progression and therapy resistance in TNBC which harbours mutations intumour protein p53(TP53)and the PI3K/AKT pathway.

关键词： Triple-negative breast cancer TP53 PI3K/AKT pathway calcium

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The rise of 3D cellular spheroids: efficient culture via upward growth from a superamphiphobic surface

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National Science Review 2019年第6期6卷 1068-1069页

作者： paul j.Dyson Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne

Cell culture assays are extensively used in drug discovery and development programs, biomedical research, and in many others areas of science. Currently,2D monolayer cellular assays serve as the gold standard. However, while they provide seemingly indispensable information on drug activity, it is estimated that of the putative drug candidates selected

关键词： The rise of 3D cellular spheroids efficient culture via upward growth from a superamphiphobic surface

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Effects of Enriched Biochars Containing Magnetic Iron Nanoparticles on Mycorrhizal Colonisation,Plant Growth,Nutrient Uptake and Soil Quality Improvement

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Pedosphere 2015年第5期25卷 749-760页

作者： Stephen jOSEPH Hossain M.ANAWAR paul STORER paul BLACKWELL Chee CHIA Yun LIN paul MUNROE scott DONNE josip HORVAT jianli WANG Zakaria M.SOLAIMAN School of Materials Science and Engineering University of New South WalesSydney Discipline of Chemistry University of Newcastle Institute for Superconducting and Electronic Materials and School of Physics University of Wollongong Soil Biology and Molecular Ecology Group School of Earth and Environment (M087) and UWA Institute of AgricultureFaculty of ScienceThe University of Western Australia Australian Mineral Fertilisers Pty Ltd. Department of Agriculture and Food Western Australia Geraldton Regional Office Institute for Superconducting and Electronic Materials University of Wollongong

At present, there is little commercial sale of biochar, since farmers find they can not gain a return on their investment in this amendment in the first few years after its application, because of the high cost associated with large application rates. To overcome this constraint, development of artificially aged enriched biochar-mineral complexes(BMCs), having a higher mineral content, surface functionality, exchangeable cations, high concentration of magnetic iron(Fe) nanoparticles, and higher water-extractable organic compounds has been undertaken by a combined team of researchers and a commercial company. Two biochars produced under different pyrolysis conditions were activated with a phosphoric acid treatment. A mixture of clay, chicken litter, and minerals were added to the biochar, and then this composite was torrefied at either 180 or 220?C. In this study a pot experiment was carried out in glasshouse conditions to determine the effects of four different BMCs, with different formulations applied at rates of 100 and 200 kg ha-1, on the mycorrhizal colonisation, wheat growth and nutrient uptake, and soil quality improvement. It was found that the phosphorus(P) and nitrogen uptake in wheat shoots were significantly greater for a low application rate of BMCs(100 kg ha-1). The present formulation of BMC was effective in enhancing growth of wheat at low application rate(100 kg ha-1). The increase in growth appeared due to an increase in P uptake in the plants that could be partly attributed to an increase in mycorrhizal colonisation and partly due to the properties of the BMC.

关键词：养分吸收植物生长土壤质量生物炭磁性纳米粒子菌根矿物质含量小麦生长

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Characterization of tungiasis infection and morbidity using thermography in Kenya revealed higher disease burden during COVID-19 school closures

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Infectious Diseases of Poverty 2023年第2期12卷 120-121页

作者： Lynne Elson Abneel K.Matharu Naomi Riithi paul Ouma Francis Mutebi Hermann Feldmeier jürgen Krücken Ulrike Fillinger KEMRI-Wellcome Trust Research Programme Kilifi Kenya Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health Nuffield Department of Medicine University of Oxford Oxford UK International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology Human Health Theme Nairobi Kenya College of Veterinary Medicine Animal Resources and Biosecurity Makerere University Kampala Uganda Institute of Microbiology Infectious Diseases and Immunology Charité University Medicine Berlin Germany Institute for Parasitology and Tropical Veterinary Medicine Freie Universität Berlin Berlin Germany

Background Tungiasis is a neglected tropical skin disease caused by the sand flea Tunga *** fleas penetrate the skin,particularly at the feet,and cause severe *** study aimed to characterize disease burden in two highly affected regions in Kenya,to test the use of thermography to detect tungiasis-associated inflammation and to create a new two-level classification of disease severity suitable for mapping,targeting,and monitoring *** From February 2020 to April 2021,3532 pupils age 8–14 years were quasi-randomly selected in 35 public primary schools and examined for tungiasis and associated *** the infected pupils,266 were quasi-randomly selected and their households visited,where an additional 1138 family members were *** was assessed using infra-red thermography.A Clinical score was created combining the number of locations on the feet with acute and chronic symptoms and infra-red *** The overall prevalence of tungiasis among all the school pupils who were randomly selected during survey rounds 1 and 3 was 9.3%[95%confidence interval(CI):8.4–10.3].Based on mixed effects logistic models,the odds of infection with tungiasis among school pupils was three times higher in Kwale(coastal Kenya)than in Siaya[western Kenya;adjusted odds ratio(aOR)=0.36,95%CI:0.18–0.74];three times higher in males than in females(aOR=3.0,95%CI:2.32–3.91)and three times lower among pupils sleeping in a house with a concrete floor(aOR=0.32,95%CI:0.24–0.44).The odds of finding an infected person among the household population during surveys before the COVID-19 pandemic was a third(aOR=0.32,95%CI:0.19–0.53)of that when schools were closed due to COVID-19 restrictions and approximately half(aOR=0.44,95%CI:0.29–0.68)in surveys done after school re-opening(round 3).Infection intensity was positively correlated with inflammation as measured by thermography(Spearman’s rho=0.68,P<0.001)and with the clinical score(rho=0

关键词： Tungiasis Neglected tropical diseases Thermography Morbidity Child COVID-19 Kenya

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Reconstituting mammalian spermatogenesis using stem ：ells

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Asian journal of Andrology 2011年第6期13卷 795-796页

作者： paul j Turek The Turek Clinic San Francisco CA 94133 USA

While stock markets and economies are smoldering all over the world, stem cell science is on fire. The promise of curing many untreatable forms of human male infertility is now one small step closer based on a recent paper in Cell. In this work, scientists from Kyoto University in japan created mature, fertile sperm from embryonic and induced pluripotent stem cells by grabbing the primitive germ cells called primordial germ cells just as they were being made from their pluripotent precursors in vitro and transplanting them back into genetically sterile mice.

关键词： stock markets economies stem cell science

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Multiplexed cytokine detection on plasmonic gold substrates with enhanced near-infrared fluorescence

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Nano Research 2013年第2期6卷 113-120页

作者： Bo Zhang jordan Price Guosong Hong scott M. Tabakman Hailiang Wang justin A. jarrell ju Feng paul j. Utz Hongjie Dai Department of Chemistry Stanford University Stanford California USA Department of Medicine Division of Immunology and Rheumatology Stanford University School of Medicine Stanford California USA Institute for Immunity Transplantation and Infection Stanford University School of Medicine Stanford California USA

Protein microarrays based on fluorescence detection have been widely utilized for high-throughput functional proteomic analysis. However, a drawback of such assays has been low sensitivity and narrow dynamic range, limiting their capabilities, especially for detecting low abundance biological molecules such as cytokines in human samples. Here, we present fluorescence-enhancing microarrays on plasmonic gold films for multiplexed cytokine detection with up to three orders of magnitude higher sensitivity than on conventional nitrocellulose and glass substrates. Cytokine detection on the gold plasmonic substrate is about one to two orders of magnitude more sensitive than enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and can be multiplexed. A panel of six cytokines (Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), Interleukin 1β (IL-1β), Interleukin 4 (IL-4), Interleukin 6 (IL-6), Interferon γ (IFN-γ), and Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)) were detected in the culture media of cancer cells. This work establishes a new method of high throughput multiplexed cytokine detection with higher sensitivity and dynamic range than ELISA.

关键词：荧光检测细胞因子玻璃基板复用近红外表面等离子体激元酶联免疫吸附试验血管内皮生长因子

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Dilution Accelerates Crystallization:A Negative-Order Kinetic Coordination Reaction Induced by the Competitive Interplay of Dissociation and Complexation

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CCS Chemistry 2023年第12期5卷 2845-2854页

作者： Peng Meng Blake j.P.Connolly Ayusha Anand Yuting Wang paul V.Bernhardt jingsan Xu School of Chemistry and Physics and Centre for Materials Science Queensland University of TechnologyBrisbane 4000Queensland School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences University of QueenslandBrisbane 4072Queensland

Chemical reactions in homogenous systems are generally associated with positive-order kinetics;that is,the reaction rate increases with the increased concentration of *** this work,we report a coordination reaction of Cu^(2+)ions,cyanuric acid(CA),and pyridine in aqueous solution which shows negative-order kinetics with respect to the concentration of *** the pyridine concentration increases,the complexation of CA with pyridine overwhelms its dissociation in water,resulting in the redistribution of CA;that is,CA is sealed in the pyridine phase by forming an unreactive hydrogenbonded *** a result,the number of accessible anionic CA for crystallization in water decreases,and thus the crystallization slows down and almost ***,the crystallization yields two types of crystals with similar structures but disparate colors(red and blue),and the origin is investigated by the ligand field analysis.

关键词： negative-order kinetics dilution-induced reaction pyridine leading to complexation copper cyanurates competitive interplay of multiple interactions

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