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Real time imaging of two-dimensional iron oxide spherulite nanostructure formation

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Nano Research 2019年第11期12卷 2889-2893页

作者： Wenjing Zheng Matthew R.Hauwiller Wen-i Liang Colin Ophus Peter Ercius Emory M.Chan Ying-Hao Chu Mark Asta Xiwen Du A.paul Alivisatos Haimei Zheng institute of New-Energy Materials School of Materials Science and EngineeringTianjin UniversityTianjin300350China Materials Sciences Division Lawrence Berkeley National LaboratoryBerkeleyCA94720USA Department of Chemistry University of CaliforniaBerkeleyBerkeleyCA94720USA Department of Materials Science and Engineering “National Chiao Tung University”Hsinchu30010TaiwanChina The Molecular Foundry Lawrence Berkeley National LaboratoryBerkeleyCA94720USA Department of Materials Science and Engineering University of CaliforniaBerkeleyBerkeleyCA94720USA Kavli Energy NanoScience institute University of California-Berkeley and Lawrence Berkeley National LaboratoryBerkeleyCA94720USA

The formation of complex hierarchical nanostructures has attracted a lot of attention from both the fundamental science and potential applications point of *** structures with radial fibrillar branches have been found in various solids;however,their growth mechanisms remain poorly ***,we report real time imaging of the formation of two-dimensional(2D)iron oxide spherulite nanostructures in a liquid cell using transmission electron microscopy(TEM).By tracking the growth trajectories,we show the characteristics of the reaction front and growth *** observations reveal that the tip of a growing branch splits as the width exceeds certain sizes(5.5–8.5 nm).The radius of a spherulite nanostructure increases linearly with time at the early stage,transitioning to nonlinear growth at the later ***,a thin layer of solid is accumulated at the tip and nanoparticles from secondary nucleation also appear at the growing front which later develop into fibrillar *** spherulite nanostructure is polycrystalline with the co-existence of ferrihydrite and Fe3O4 through-out the growth.A growth model is further established,which provides rational explanations on the linear growth at the early stage and the nonlinearity at the later stage of growth.

关键词： liquid cell transmission electron microscopy(TEM) in situ TEM iron oxide spherulite nanostructures

Evaluation of the new OxyPlate^(TM) Anaerobic System for the isolation of ocular anaerobic bacteria

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international Journal of Ophthalmology(English edition) 2012年第5期5卷 582-585页

作者： Emily K. Deschler paul P. Thompson Regis paul Kowalski Department of Ophthalmology University of Pittsburgh 203 Lothrop Street Ophthalmic Microbiology The Eye & Ear InstitutePittsburgh Pennsylvania 15213 United States

AiM: Anaerobic bacteria can cause ocular infections. We tested the OxyPlateTM Anaerobic System (OXY) to isolate pertinent anaerobic bacteria that can cause ocular ***: OXY, which does not require direct anaerobic conditions (i.e. bags, jars), was compared to conventional isolation of incubating culture media in anaerobic bags. Standard colonies counts were performed on anaerobic ocular bacterial isolates under aerobic and anaerobic conditions (anaerobic bags) using agar media: 1) OXY (aerobic only), 2) 5% sheep blood (SB), 3) Chocolate, and 4) Schaedler. The bacteria tested were de-identified ocular isolates cultured from endophthalmitis and dacryocystitis that include 10 Propionibacterium acnes and 3 Actinomyces species. The colony counts for each bacteria isolate, on each culturing condition, were ranked from largest to smallest, and non-parametrically compared to determine the best culturing ***: All anaerobic conditions were positive for all of the anaerobic isolates. SB and Schaedler’s agar under aerobic conditions did not support the growth of anaerobic bacteria. Sparse growth was noted on chocolate agar with Propionibacterium acnes . As an anaerobic system, SB in an anaerobic bag isolated higher colony counts than OXY (P=0.0028) and chocolate agar (P=0.0028).CONCLUSiON: Although OXY did not test to be more efficient than other anaerobic systems, it appears to be a reasonable alternative for isolating anaerobic bacteria from ocular sites. The use of an agar medium in a specially designed plate, without the requirement of an anaerobic bag, rendered OXY as an advantage over other anaerobic systems.

关键词： anaerobic bacteria bacterial isolation endophthalmitis dacryocystitis

Conductive polymer scaffolds to improve neural recovery

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Neural Regeneration Research 2017年第12期12卷 1976-1978页

作者： Shang Song paul M.George Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences Stanford University School of Medicine Stanford CA USA Stanford stroke Center and Stanford University School of Medicine Stanford CA USA

injuries to the nervous system manifest in various forms ranging from stroke to trauma（i.e.,motor vehicle accidents,combats）to diabetic neuropathy as well as many other neurological *** regeneration remains a complex biological process that is challenging to address *** is no effective medical treatment for central nervous system repair.

关键词： Conductive polymer scaffolds improve neural recovery

Can serious postoperative complications in patients with Crohn’s disease be predicted using machine learning?

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Surgery 2024年第10期16卷 3358-3362页

作者： Andrew paul Zbar Department of Neuroscience and Anatomy University of MelbourneMelbourne 3010VictoriaAustralia

The routine introduction of novel anti-inflammatory therapies into the mana-gement algorithms of patients with Crohn’s disease over the last 2 decades has not substantially changed the likelihood of ultimate *** it has delayed the operative need and altered the presentation *** prospect of complic-ations continues to remain high in this modern era but depending upon the cohort assessed,it remains difficult to make strict comparisons between individual spe-cialist *** patients who present rather late after their diagnosis with a septic complication like an intra-abdominal abscess and a penetrating/fistulizing pattern of disease are more likely to have a complicated course particularly if they have clinical features such as difficult percutaneous access to the collection or multilocularity both of which can make preoperative drainage ***-ually,those cases with extensive adhesions where an initial laparoscopic approach needs open conversion and where there is an extended operative time,unsur-prisingly will suffer more significant complications that impact their length of hospital *** need for a protective stoma also introduces its own derivative costs,utilizing a range of health resources as well as resulting in important alte-rations in quality of life *** established the parameters of the pro-blem can the statistical analysis of the available data identify high-risk cases,promote the notion of centralization of specialist services or improve the allo-cation of disease-specific health expenditure?

关键词： Crohn’s disease Postoperative complications Clavien-Dindo Machine learning Outcome

Pattern and Outcome of Childhood Tuberculosis Seen at the University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital, Nigeria

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Journal of Tuberculosis Research 2019年第3期7卷 170-183页

作者： Balafama A. Alex-Hart Nsirimobu i. paul Department of Paediatrics University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital Port Harcourt Nigeria

Background: Despite the fact that Tuberculosis (TB) is preventable, treatable and curable, it has remained a significant cause of childhood morbidity and mortality. identifying patterns of TB and its treatment outcome which is the aim of this study is relevant for TB control programmes. Methodology: This was a retrospective cross-sectional study carried out over a three-month period from April-June 2019 at the directly observed treatment Short course (DOTS) clinic of the University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital (UPTH), Nigeria. Relevant information on all children 0 - 18 years with tuberculosis over a four-year period from January 2015 to December 2018 was retrieved and analysed. information retrieved included the age, sex, HiV status, method of diagnosis of tuberculosis, type of Tuberculosis and the treatment outcome of the patients. Results: There were 202 childhood (0 - 18 years) cases seen over the study period. Out of these, 109 (53.96%) were males and 93 (46.04%) females. Majority of them (40.59%) were 1 - 4 years of age. There were 194 (96.04%) new cases, 6 (2.9%) transfer and 2 (0.99%) retreatment cases. One hundred and six (80.69%) had pulmonary TB, 23 (11.39%) TB adenitis, 10 (4.95%) had TB spine, 3 (1.49%) TB abdomen and 3 (1.49%) TB meningitis. TB/HiV co-infection rate was 48.45%. One hundred and eight completed treatment, 10 (4.95%) were cured, 22 (10.89%) died, 46 (22.77%) defaulted and 16 (7.92%) were transferred out. Successful treatment outcome rate was 58.41%. Conclusion: Pulmonary TB was the commonest type of TB found and treatment success rate was just above average.

关键词： Childhood Tuberculosis Pattern Outcome

Role of genetics in prediction of disease course and response to therapy

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2010年第21期16卷 2609-2615页

作者： Severine Vermeire Gert Van Assche paul Rutgeerts Department of Gastroenterology University Hospital Gasthuisberg and Catholic University LeuvenB-3000 LeuvenBelgium

The clinical course of Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis is highly variable between patients,and this has therapeutic implications.A number of clinical features have been identified,which predict a mild or more severe ***,several of these are subjective and/or not persistent over *** the progress in genetics research in inflammatory bowel disease(iBD),genetic markers are increasingly being proposed to improve stratification of *** have the major advantage of being stable over time and not prone to subjective ***,none of the genetic variants associated with particular outcomes have shown sufficient sensitivity or specificity to have been implemented in daily *** the same line of thinking,pharmacogenetics or the study of association between variability in drug response and genetic variation has also received more attention as part of the endeavor for personalized *** ultimate goal in this area of medicine is to adapt medication to a patient's specific genetic background and therefore improve on efficacy and safety *** pharmacogenetic studies have been performed for all classes of drugs applied in iBD,few have generated consistent findings or have been *** only genetic test approved for clinical practice is thiopurine S-methyltransferase testing prior to starting treatment with thiopurine *** other reported associations have suffered from lack of confirmation or still need replication ***,the importance and necessity of pharmacogenetic studies will increase further as more therapeutic classes are being developed.

关键词： Genetics inflammatory bowel diseases Pharmacogenetics

Osteopontin is an important mediator of alcoholic liver disease via hepatic stellate cell activation

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2014年第36期20卷 13088-13104页

作者： Devanshi Seth Alastair Duly paul C Kuo Geoffrey W McCaughan paul S Haber Drug Health Services Royal Prince Alfred Hospital Camperdown NSW 2050 Australia Garvan institute Darlinghurst NSW 2010 Australia Central Clinical School of Medicine the University of Sydney Sydney NSW 2050 Australia Department of Surgery Loyola University Medica Centre Maywood IL 60153 United States AW Morrow Gastroenterology and Liver Centre RPAH Camperdown NSW 2050 Australia

AiM: To investigate over-expression of Osteopontin (OPN) pathway expression and mechanisms of action in human alcoholic liver disease (ALD), in vivo and in vitro acute alcohol models.

关键词： Hepatic stellate cells Liver cirrhosis Plasmin Steatosis Fibrogenesis Transforming growth factor β Osteopontin isoform

Hepatocellular carcinoma in Lebanon: Etiology and prognostic factors associated with short-term survival

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2006年第22期12卷 3575-3580页

作者： César Yaghi Ala i Sharara paul Rassam Rami Moucari Khalil Honein Joseph BouJaoude Rita Slim Roger Noun Heitham Abdul-Baki Mohamad Khalifeh Sami Ramia Raymond Sayegh Service de Gastroenterologie Hotel Dieu de France University Hospital BeirutLebanon Service de Gastroenterologie Hotel Dieu de France University Hospital.Beirut.Lebanon Departments of internal Medicine and Surgery American University of Beirut Medical CenterBeirutLebanon Service de Gastroenterologie Hotel Dieu de France University Hospital BeirutLebanon Service de GastroenterologieHopital Saint GeorgesBeirutLebanon Departments of internal Medicine and Surgery American University of Beirut Medical Center BeirutLebanon

AiM： To study the epidemiology of HCC in Lebanon and prognostic factors predictive of early mortality. METHODS： An observational follow-up cohort study of HCC cases diagnosed over a five-year period was carried out. Multivariate analysis was conducted to identify prognostic factors in comparison to Cancer of the Liver italian Program （CUP） score. Multiple variables including the etiology of underlying liver disease, the demographic characteristics of patients, and the severity of liver disease evaluated by the Child-Pugh score were studied. Tumor parameters included the time of diagnosis of HCC, alpha-fetoprotein level, number and size of nodules, presence of portal vein thrombosis, and treatment modalities. Death or loss of follow-up was considered as an end-point event. RESULTS： Ninety-two patients （mean 60.5 ± 22.3 years） were included. Etiology of underlying disease was hepatitis B, C, and alcohol in 67%, 20%, and 23.5% respectively. Child-Pugh class at diagnosis was A, B, and C in 34.8%, 39.3% and 25.8% respectively. Overall survival was 44.8%, 32.8% and 17.6% at 1, 2 and 3 years respectively （mean F/U 40.2 ± 23.5 mo）. Multivariate analysis identified three predictors of early mortality （〈 6 mo）： bilirubin 〉 3.2 mg/dL （P 〈 0.01）, HCC as first presentation of liver disease （P = 0.035）, and creatinine 〉 1 mg/dL （P = 0.017）. A score based on these variables outperformed the CLiP score by Cox proportional hazard. ROC curve showed both models to be equivalent and moderately accurate.CONCLUSiON： HBV is the leading cause of HCC in Lebanon. independent predictors of early mortality are elevated bilirubin, creatinine and HCC as first manifestation of disease. Prospective validation of a score based on these clinical parameters in predicting short-term survival is needed.

关键词： Liver Epidemiology Hepatitis Neoplasm Cancer Cirrhosis

中国食管癌发病区环境地球化学及相关模型的研究进展

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地球与环境 2009年第4期37卷 454-457页

作者：杨艳杨忠芳 paul i Palmer 中国地质大学(北京)地球科学与资源学院北京100083 爱丁堡大学地球科学学院

食管癌是一种常见的消化道疾病,在世界许多国家和地区均有发生,其中环境因素是引发地方病食管癌的重要因素。目前,模型被应用于食管癌的研究中,食管癌研究模型主要有食管癌发病率预测模型,食管癌预防模型及食管癌动物模型等。本文主要... 详细信息

食管癌是一种常见的消化道疾病,在世界许多国家和地区均有发生,其中环境因素是引发地方病食管癌的重要因素。目前,模型被应用于食管癌的研究中,食管癌研究模型主要有食管癌发病率预测模型,食管癌预防模型及食管癌动物模型等。本文主要综述了前人对中国食管癌发病区的土壤、饮用水和食物等环境地球化学因素,以及与食管癌研究相关的土壤模型和食管癌模型的研究进展。

关键词：食管癌土壤饮用水食物土壤模型食管癌模型