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Surface engineering with ionic polymers on membranes for boron removal

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Frontiers of Chemical Science and Engineering 2024年第5期18卷 61-69页

作者： Xiting Zhang Chenyi Fang J paul Chen Sui Zhang Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering National University of SingaporeSingapore 117576Singapore Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering National University of SingaporeSingapore 119260Singapore College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering Shenzhen UniversityShenzhen 518060China

Removal of boric acid from seawater and wastewater using reverse osmosis membrane technologies is imperative and yet remains inadequately addressed by current commercial *** research efforts performed post-modification of reverse osmosis membranes to enhance boron rejection,which is usually accompanied by substantial sacrifice in water *** study delves into the surface engineering of low-pressure reverse osmosis membranes,aiming to elevate boron removal efficiency while maintaining optimal salt rejection and water *** were modified by the self-polymerization and co-deposition of dopamine and polystyrene sulfonate at varying ratios and *** surfaces became smoother and more hydrophilic after *** optimum membrane exhibited a water permeability of 9.2±0.1 L·m^(-2)·h^(-1)·bar^(-1),NaCl rejection of 95.8%±0.3%,and boron rejection of 49.7%±0.1% and 99.6%±0.3% at neutral and alkaline ph,*** water permeability is reduced by less than 15%,while the boron rejection is 3.7 times higher compared to the blank *** research provides a promising avenue for enhancing boron removal in reverse osmosis membranes and addressing water quality concerns in the desalination process.

关键词： membrane low-pressure reverse osmosis boron surface engineering

Effects of pyrethroid and organophosphate insecticides on reared black soldier fly larvae(hermetia illucens)

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Insect Science 2024年第3期31卷 817-834页

作者： Nathan Meijer Lisa Zoet Theo de Rijk paul Zomer Deborah Rjkers h.J.van der Fels-Klerx Joop J.A.van Loon Wageningen Food Safety Research(WFSR) Part of Wageningen University and ResearchWageningenThe Netherlands Bestico B.V. Industrieweg 6Berkel en RodenrjsThe Netherlands Plant Sciences Group Laboratory of EntomologyWageningen UniversityWageningenTheNetherlands

Black soldier fly larvae(hermetia illucens)receive growing interest as a potential alternative animal feed *** insects may be exposed to insecticide residues in the rearing *** study aimed to investigate the effects of six different pyrethroid and organophosphate insecticides on this insect species'*** toxicity of two"model"substances for each of these classes(cypermethrin;pirimiphosmethyl)was quantified,with and without the synergist piperonyl butoxide(PBO).Critical effect doses corresponding to 10%yield(CED10)for cypermethrin(0.4 mg/kg)and pirimiphos-methyl(4.8 mg/kg)were *** addition of PBO to cypermethrin enhanced its relative potency with a factor *** data were compared against the relative toxicity of two analogue substances in each class(permethrin,deltamethrin;chlorpyrifosmethyl,malathion).Results suggest that exposure to concentrations complying with legal limits can cause significant reductions in *** to multiple substances at lower concentrations resulted in negative additive and synergistic *** the tested substances,deltamethrin was most toxic,causing 94%yield at 0.5 mg/*** results suggested that transfer of tested substances to the larval biomass was substance-and concentration-specific,but appeared to be correlated to reduced yields and the presence of *** of organophosphates was overall low(high transfer may result in *** is recommended that rearing companies implement lower contractual thresholds,and that policymakers consider adjusting legally allowed maximum residue levels in insect feed.

关键词： feed insects pesticides rearing substrate

Plant-available water capacity of soils at a regional scale:Analysis of fixed and dynamic field capacities

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Pedosphere 2024年第3期34卷 590-605页

作者： Vinod PhOGAT paul RPETRIE Casandra COLLINS Marcos BONADA South Australian Research and Development Institute GPO Box 397Adelaide SA 5001(Australia) School of Agriculture Food and WineWaite Research InstituteUniversity of AdelaideWaite CampusPMB1Glen Osmond SA 5064(Australia) College of Science and Engineering Flinders UniversityBedford Park SA 5042(Australia) The University of New South Wales Sydney NSW 2052(Australia) ARC Training Centre for Innovative Wine Production University of AdelaidePMB1Glen Osmond SA 5064(Australia)

Estimation of the plant-available water capacity(PAWC)of soils at a regional scale helps in adopting better land use planning,developing suitable irrigation schedules for crops,and optimizing the use of scarce water *** the current study,72 soil profiles were sampled from the Barossa region of South Australia to estimate pedo-transfer functions deduced from easily estimated soil *** functions were then used to estimate the fixed(10 and 33 kPa)and dynamic pressure head(h_(fc))water contents at field capacity(FC)for minimum drainage flux(0.01 and 0.001 cm d^(-1)),which serves as the upper boundary for plant-available water in *** estimated residual water content was corrected for subsoil constraints,especially the exchangeable sodium percentage(ESP).The results showed that the mean values of h_(fc)in sand-dominated light and medium textured soils(i.e.,sand,loamy sand,sandy loam,and loam)varied in a narrow range(15.8-18.2 kPa),whereas those in the clay-dominated heavy textured soils(i.e.,clay loam)showed a wide range(11.3-49.3 kPa).There were large differences in PAWC for dynamic FC(PAWC_(fc))and fixed FC at 10 kPa(PAWC10),33 kPa(PAWC33),and a mix of 10and 33 kPa(PAWC_(10,33))pressure heads depending on soil ***,the difference between PAWC at 10 kPa and h_(fc)(ΔPAWC_(10))was positive,whereas that between 33 kPa and h_(fc)(ΔPAWC_(33))was negative across all ***,the estimation of PAWC assuming a fixed FC at 10 and 33 kPa pressures(i.e.,PAWC_(10,33))for sandy,clay,and silty soils reduced the difference between fixed and dynamic pressure PAWCs tohe *** estimation of PAWC was improved by incorporating the impact of subsoil constraints,such as high ESP,which was more pronounced for clay and silty *** findings demonstrate the inherent inconsistencies between static pressure and flux-based dynamic FC estimations in *** heterogeneity,intra-texture variability,subsoil constraints,and swell

关键词： crop lower limit drained upper limit pedo-transfer function soil hydraulic parameter soil texture

A marathon,not a sprint:Increasing population physical activity as a legacy of sports mega-events

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Journal of Sport and health Science 2024年第6期13卷 732-735页

作者： Fiona C.Bull paul J.Simpson Physical Activity Unit Department of Health PromotionWorld Health OrganizationGeneva CH-1211Switzerland The BMJ London WC1H 9JPUK

*** matters The withdrawal of Australia as hosts for the Commonwealth Games in 2026 demonstrates that large international sporting events are more than just sporting mastery,medals,and *** also matters.1 The cost of hosting a major international tournament is eye-wateringly *** governments need to show that the billions of dollars of investment deliver a return beyond sporting glory to justify the resources that are spent.

关键词： return dollar sport

Application of a simplified ADM1 for full-scale anaerobic co-digestion of cattle slurry and grass silage:assessment of input variability

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Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering 2024年第4期18卷 125-139页

作者： Sofia Tisocco Sören Weinrich Gary Lyons Michael Wills Xinmin Zhan paul Crosson Civil Engineering College of Science and EngineeringUniversity of GalwayGalwayH91 TK33Ireland Teagasc Animal and Bioscience Research Department Animal and Grassland Research and Innovation CentreDunsanyC15 PW93Ireland Biochemical Conversion Department Deutsches Biomasseforschungszentrum gemeinnützige GmbHLeipzig 04347Germany Faculty of Energy·Building Services·Environmental Engineering Münster University of Applied SciencesSteinfurt 48565Germany Agri-Food and Biosciences Institute HillsboroughBT266DRUK Ryan Institute University of GalwayGalwayH91 TK33Ireland MaREI Research Centre for Energy Climate and MarineRyan InstituteUniversity of GalwayGalwayH91 TK33Ireland

Mathematical modeling of anaerobic digestion is a powerful tool to predict gas yields and optimize the *** Anaerobic Digestion Model No.1(ADM1)is a widely implemented model for this ***,modeling full-scale biogas plants is challenging due to the extensive substrate and parameter characterization *** study describes the modification of the ADM1 through a simplification of individual process phases,characteristic components and required ***,the ability of the simplified model to simulate the co-digestion of grass silage and cattle slurry was evaluated using data from a full-scale biogas *** impacts of substrate composition(crude carbohydrate,protein and lipid concentration)and variability of carbohydrate degradability on simulation results were assessed to identify the most influential *** indicated that the simplified version was able to depict biogas and biomethane production with average model efficiencies,according to the Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency(NSE)coefficient,of 0.70 and 0.67,respectively,and was comparable to the original ADM1(average model efficiencies of 0.71 and 0.63,respectively).The variability of crude carbohydrate,protein and lipid concentration did not significantly impact biogas and biomethane output for the data sets *** contrast,carbohydrate degradability seemed to explain much more of the variability in the biogas and methane ***,the application of simplified models provides a reliable basis for the process simulation and optimization of full-scale agricultural biogas plants.

关键词： ADM1 Agricultural feedstocks Biogas technology Input variability Parameter estimation

Free vibration and buckling analysis of polymeric composite beams reinforced by functionally graded bamboo fbers

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Applied Mathematics and Mechanics(English Edition) 2024年第3期45卷 543-562页

作者： h.M.FEIZABAD M.h.YAS Department of Mechanical Engineering Razi UniversityKermanshah ***Iran

Natural fibers have been extensively researched as reinforcement materials in polymers on account of their environmental and economic advantages in comparison with synthetic fibers in the recent *** fibers are renowned for their good mechanical properties,abundance,and short cycle *** beams are one of the fundamental structural components and are susceptible to mechanical loads in engineering applications,this paper performs a study on the free vibration and buckling responses of bamboo fiber reinforced composite(BFRC)beams on the elastic *** different functionally graded(FG)layouts and a uniform one are the considered distributions for unidirectional long bamboo fibers across the *** elastic properties of the composite are determined with the law of *** hamilton’s principle,the governing equations of motion are *** generalized differential quadrature method(GDQM)is then applied to the equations to obtain the *** achieved outcomes exhibit that the natural frequency and buckling load values vary as the fiber volume fractions and distributions,elastic foundation stiffness values,and boundary conditions(BCs)and slenderness ratio of the beam ***,a comparative study is conducted between the derived analysis outcomes for BFRC and homogenous polymer beams to examine the effectiveness of bamboo fibers as reinforcement materials,demonstrating the significant enhancements in both vibration and buckling responses,with the exception of natural frequencies for cantilever beams on the Pasternak foundation with the FG-◇fiber ***,the obtained analysis results of BFRC beams are also compared with those for carbon nanotube reinforced composite(CNTRC)beams found in the literature,indicating that the buckling loads and natural frequencies of BFRC beams are lower than those of CNTRC beams.

关键词： bamboo fiber free vibration buckling analysis functionally graded(FG)beam elastic foundation generalized differential quadrature method(GDQM)

Three-stage pyrolysis–steam reforming–water gas shift processing of household,commercial and industrial waste plastics for hydrogen production

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Waste Disposal and Sustainable Energy 2024年第1期6卷 25-37页

作者： Rayed Alshareef Robert Sait-Stewart Mohamad A.Nahil paul T.Williams School of Chemical and Process Engineering University of LeedsLeedsLS29JTUK

Five common single plastics and nine different household,commercial and industrial waste plastics were processed using a three-stage(i)pyrolysis,(ii)catalytic steam reforming and(iii)water gas shift reaction system to produce *** of plastics produces a range of different hydrocarbon species which are subsequently catalytically steam reformed to produce h_(2)and CO and then undergo water gas shift reaction to produce further h_(2).The process mimics the commercial process for hydrogen production from natural *** of the single polyalkene plastics(high-density polyethylene(hDPE),low-density polyethylene(LDPE),and polypropylene(PP))produced similar h_(2)yields between 115 mmol and 120 mmol per gram *** though PS produced an aromatic product slate from the pyrolysis stage,further stages of reforming and water gas shift reaction produced a gas yield and composition similar to that of the polyalkene plastics(115 mmol h_(2)per gram plastic).PET gave significantly lower h_(2)yield(41 mmol per gram plastic)due to the formation of mainly CO,CO_(2)and organic acids from the pyrolysis stage which were not conducive to further reforming and water gas shift reaction.A mixture of the single plastics typical of that found in municipal solid waste produced a h_(2)yield of 102 mmol per gram *** the gas yields and composition from the single plastics enabled an estimation of the yields from a simulated waste plastic mixture and a‘real-world’waste plastic mixture to be *** different household,commercial and industrial waste plastic mixtures produced h_(2)yields between 70 mmol and 107 mmol per gram *** h_(2)yield and gas composition from the single waste plastics gave an indication of the type of plastics in the mixed waste plastic samples.

关键词： Waste plastic hydrogen Catalyst Pyrolysis reforming Water gas shift

holographic dark energy in non-conserved gravity theory

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Communications in Theoretical Physics 2024年第4期76卷 126-133页

作者： h R Fazlollahi Institute of Gravitation and Cosmology Peoples Friendship University of Russia(RUDN University)6 Miklukho-Maklaya StMoscow117198Russia

Recently, reconsidering the Rastall idea T_(μ;νν)^(v)=α_(,μ) through relativistic thermodynamics gives a new form for the scalar field α which led us to construct modern modified theory of gravity debugged ‘non-conserved gravity theory’ Fazlollahi 2023 Euro. Phys. J. C 83 923. This theory unlike other modified theories of gravity cannot directly explain the current acceleration expansion in the absence of the cosmological constant and or existence of other forms of dark energy. hence, in this study we have reinvestigated holographic dark energy Ρ_(X)~h^(2) in the non-conserved theory of gravity. In this context, the density and pressure of dark energy depend on the non-conserved term and density of the dust matter field. As shown, due to non-conservation effects on large-scale structures, unlike the original holographic model, our model onsets an acceleration epoch for the current Universe satisfies observations. Moreover, the interaction and viscous scenarios are studied for this model.

关键词： non-conserved gravity covariant form of thermodynamics holographic dark energy

Novel synthesis of stabilized Bi1-x-yGdxDyyO1.5 solid electrolytes with enhanced conductivity for intermediate temperature solid oxide fuel cells（SOFCs）

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Journal of Rare Earths 2024年第10期42卷 1903-1911页

作者： Ahmed h.Ibrahim Yehia M.Abbas h.A.Ayoub Marwa h.Ali Mustafa Aldoori Materials Science Laboratory Physics DepartmentFaculty of ScienceSuez Canal University Ministry of higher Education and Scientific Research Aliraqia University

herein,we report the synthesis of a Dy-Gd co-doped cubic phase-stabilized Bi2O3solid electrolyte system via solid-state processing under atmospheric *** with Dy3+and Gd3+has been observed to significantly enhance the densification process during sintering for stabilization purposes,thereby improving the electrical properties of δ-Bi2O3-type *** synthesized ceramics were characterized using X-ray diffraction（XRD）,field emission scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy（FESEM-EDX）,thermal gravimetry/differential thermal analysis（TG/DTA）,and the four-point probe technique（4PPT）.XRD analysis reveals that the samples Bi1-x-yGdxDyyO1.5（y=0.05/x=0.05,0.10,0,15,and 0.20,and x=0.05/y=0.10,0.15,and 0.20） exhibit a stable face-centered cubic δ-phase and a mixed-phase crystallographic *** XRD analysis of the stabilized δ-phase suggests that the prepared oxides show a face-centered cubic（FCC） structure with a space group of *** micrographs reveal that the composition Bi0.90Gd0.05Dy0.05O1.5has no significant ***,an evident increase in the pore formation is observed as the amount of Gd2O3increases until it reaches 20%.This finding suggests that dense pellets are formed during the sintering process at 900-1000℃.The DTA analyses were performed to verify the phase stability,which agrees with the XRD *** electrochemical performance of the synthesized Dy-Gd co-doped Bi2O3solid electrolyte system was evaluated and analyzed in detail by using the electrochemical impedance spectroscopy（EIS） technique,Based on EIS and conductivity measurements,Bi0.75Gd0.20Dy0.05O1.5exhibits the lowest activation energy of 0.519 eV and the highest conductivity value of 0.398 S/cm at 627℃compared to the other samples;this composition can be used as a solid electrolyte for intermediatetemperature solid oxide fuel cells（SOFCs）.

关键词： Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) Fast Fourier transform (FFT) Rare earths Rietveld Solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) Solid-state processing