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Evidence supporting the relationship between maternal asthma and risk for autism spectrum disorders

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第4期20卷 1101-1102页

作者： Hadley Osman paul Ashwood Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology and the M.I.N.D.InstituteUniversity of California at DavisSacramentoCAUSA

During pregnancy,maternal immune activation(MIA),due to infection,chronic inflammatory disorders,or toxic exposures,can result in lasting health impacts on the developing *** has been associated with an increased risk of neurodevelopmental disorders,such as autism spectrum disorder(ASD)in the *** is characterized by increased repetitive and stereotyped behaviors and decreased *** of 2020,1 in 36 children are diagnosed with ASD by the age of 8 years,with ASD rates continuing to increase in prevalence in USA(Tamayo et al.,2023).Post-mortem brain studies,biomarker and transcriptomic studies,and epidemiology studies have provided compelling evidence of immune dysregulation in the circulation and brain of individuals diagnosed with ***,the etiology of ASD is largely unknown,however,genetic components and environmental factors can contribute to increased *** allergic asthma(MAA),a form of MIA,has been identified as a potential risk factor for developing neurodevelopmental disorders(Patel et al.,2020).Asthma is a chronic inflammatory condition driven by a T-helper type(TH)2 immune response.

关键词： disorders epidemiology fetus

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Emerging insights into the function of very long chain fatty acids at cerebellar synapses

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第6期20卷 1709-1710页

作者： Martin-paul Agbaga Mohiuddin Ahmad Department of Cell Biology and Ophthalmology University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Centerand Dean McGee Eye InstituteOklahoma CityOKUSA

Very long chain-saturated and-polyunsaturated fatty acids(VLC-SFA and VLC-PUFA, respectively) are a functionally important class of fatty acids containing 28 carbons or more in their acyl chain. They are synthesized by the elongation of very long fatty acids-4(ELOVL4) enzyme, expressed mainly in the brain, retina, skin, testes, and meibomian gland, where these fatty acids are found(Agbaga et al., 2008). Further, these organs exhibit tissuespecific VLC-PUFA and VLC-SFA biosynthesis and incorporation into complex lipids for specific functions. In the brain, skin, and Meibomian glands, the ELOVL4 mainly makes VLC-SFA, which are incorporated into complex sphingolipids. In the retina, the ELOVL4 makes VLC-PUFA that are incorporated into phosphatidylcholine, that are critical for visual function, while in testes and sperm, the VLC-PUFA are incorporated into sphingolipids that are critical for fertility(Yeboah et al., 2021).

关键词： functions function insight

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Macroinvertebrates in the bed sediment of the Yellow River

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International Journal of Sediment Research 2011年第3期26卷 255-268页

作者： paul g.CLOSE Centre of Excellence in Natural Resource Management The University of Western AustraliaP.O.Box 5771AlbanyWestern Australia 6330Australia

Extensive agricultural,industrial and urban development in the Yellow River,China,have modified the sediment-water balance,flow and inundation regimes,longitudinal connectivity,integrity of riparian vegetation,and water *** assemblages in the bed sediment of main channel and major reservoirs of the Yellow River are described in detail for the first time.A total of 74 taxa comprising 17 taxa of oligochaetes,48 taxa of aquatic insects,5 taxa of molluscs,and 4 taxa of other animals were recorded.A range of feeding guilds were represented,including, collector-gatherers(32 taxa),predators(17 taxa),scrapers(16 taxa),shredders(6 taxa)and collector-filterers(2 taxa).Both the mean density and biomass of macroinvertebrates were significantly higher in sites located in the artificial reservoirs compared with the main river channel. Assemblages varied spatially;Oligochaetes dominated assemblages in upper reaches,insects dominated in middle reaches and other animals(***)dominated in lower reaches. Collector-gatherers were dominant throughout the entire *** analysis identified five site-groups on the basis of macroinvertebrate presence/absence:downstream of reservoirs;vegetated sites;reservoir sites;polluted sites,and;lower-reach *** macroinvertebrate richness,density and biomass,compared with other similar large rivers,were attributed to modification of the sediment-water balance and associated disturbance of benthic ***,stability of sediment and sediment concentration combined to influence the distribution of *** knowledge will substantially benefit the recent focus on the health and environmental water requirements of the Yellow River.

关键词： Macroinvertebrates Species composition Distribution pattern Sediment The Yellow River

A PERISHABLE INVENTORY SYSTEM WITH SERVICE FACILITIES, MAP ARRIVALS AND PH- SERVICE TIMES

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Journal of Systems Science and Systems Engineering 2007年第1期16卷 62-73页

作者： paul MANUEL B. SIVAKUMAR g. ARIVARIgNAN Department of Information Science Kuwait University Kuwait. Department of Applied Mathematics and Statistics School of Mathematics Madurai Kamaraj University Madurai Tamilnadu India

We consider a continuous review perishable （s,S） inventory system with a service facility consisting of a waiting hall of finite capacity and a single server. We assume two types of customers, ordinary and negative, arrive according to a Markovian Arrival Process （MAP）. An ordinary customer joins the queue and a negative customer instead of joining the queue removes one ordinary customer from the queue. The removal rule adopted in this paper is RCE （removal of a customer from the end）. The individual customer＇s unit demand is satisfied after a random time of service which is assumed to have a phase-type distribution. The life time of each item and the lead time of the reorders have been assumed to be independent exponential distributions. The joint probability distribution of the number of customers in the system and the inventory level is obtained for the steady state case. Various stationary system performance measures are computed and the total expected cost rate is calculated. The results are illustrated numerically.

关键词： Stochastic inventory Markovian demands service facility positive lead time negative customers

The great catastrophe: causes of the Permo-Triassic marine mass extinction

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National Science Review 2024年第1期11卷 37-50页

作者： paul B.Wignall David P.g.Bond School of Earth & Environment University of Leeds School of Environmental Sciences University of Hull

The marine losses during the Permo-Triassic mass extinction were the worst ever experienced. All groups were badly affected, especially amongst the benthos(e.g. brachiopods, corals, bryozoans, foraminifers,ostracods). Planktonic populations underwent a fundamental change with eukaryotic algae being replaced by nitrogen-fixing bacteria, green-sulphur bacteria, sulphate-reducing bacteria and prasinophytes. Detailed studies of boundary sections, especially those in South China, have resolved the crisis to a ～55 kyr interval straddling the Permo-Triassic boundary. Many of the losses occur at the beginning and end of this interval painting a picture of a two-phase extinction. Improved knowledge of the extinction has been supported by numerous geochemical studies that allow diverse proposed extinction mechanisms to be studied. A transition from oxygenated to anoxic-euxinic conditions is seen in most sections globally, although the intensity and timing shows regional variability. Decreased ocean ventilation coincides with rapidly rising temperatures and many extinction scenarios attribute the losses to both anoxia and high *** kill mechanisms include ocean acidification for which there is conflicting support from geochemical proxies and, even less likely, siltation(burial under a massive influx of terrigenous sediment) which lacks substantive sedimentological evidence. The ultimate driver of the catastrophic changes at the end of the Permian was likely Siberian Trap eruptions and their associated carbon dioxide emissions with consequences such as warming, ocean stagnation and acidification. Volcanic winter episodes stemming from Siberian volcanism have also been linked to the crisis, but the short-term nature of these episodes(g evidence for rapid warming during the crisis makes this an unlikely cause. Finally, whilst the extinction is well studied in equatorial latitudes, a different history is found in northern Boreal latitudes

关键词： ocean anoxia ocean acidification siltation productivity collapse volcanic winter

Protective effects of trilinolein extracted from Panax notoginseng against cardiovascular disease

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Acta Pharmacologica Sinica 2002年第12期23卷 104-109页

作者： paul CHAN,g Neil THOMAS,Brian TOMLINSON Division of Cardiovascular Medicine Taipei Medical College Affiliated Taipei Wan Fang Hospital Taipei China Department of Medicine and Therapeutics The Chinese University of Hong Kong Prince of Wales Hospital Shatin NT Hong Kong SAR China Department of Medicine and Therapeutics The Chinese University of Hong Kong Prince of Wales Hospital Shatin NT Hong Kong SAR China

Trilinolein is a triacylglycerol purified from a commonly used traditional Chinese medicine Panax notoginseng. Trilinolein has been reported to provide a number of beneficial effects including reducing thrombogenicity and arrhythmias and increasing erythrocyte deformability. Additionally, trilinolein has been reported to be an antioxidant, which can counteract free radical damage associated with atherogenesis, and myocardial damage seen with is-chaemia and reperfusion. These pharmacologic effects may explain the perceived benefits derived from treating circulatory disorders with the herb over the centuries.

关键词： antioxidants cardiovascular system Chinese traditional medicine trilinolein Panax notoginseng

Simulating geometrically complex blast scenarios

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Defence Technology（防务技术） 2016年第2期12卷 134-146页

作者： Ian g.CULLIS Nikos NIKIFORAKIS Peter FRANKL Philip BLAKELY paul BENNETT paul gREENWOOD QinetiQ Fort Halstead Sevenoaks Kent T N14 7BP UK Cavendish Laboratory Cambridge University Cambridge CB30LH UK Cambridge Numerical Solutions Ltd Ely Cambridge CB7 5NE UK

The effects of blast waves generated by energetic and non-energetic sources are of continuing interest to the ballistics research *** conflicts are increasingly characterised by asymmetric urban warfare, with improvised explosive devices(IEDs) often playing a dominant role on the one hand and an armed forces requirement for minimal collateral effects from their weapons on the other. These problems are characterised by disparate length- and time-scales and may also be governed by complex physics. There is thus an increasing need to be able to rapidly assess and accurately predict the effects of energetic blast in topologically complex scenarios. To this end, this paper presents a new Qineti Q-developed advanced computational package called EAgLE-Blast, which is capable of accurately resolving the generation, propagation and interaction of blast waves around geometrically complex shapes such as vehicles and buildings. After a brief description of the numerical methodology, various blast scenario simulations are described and the results compared with experimental data to demonstrate the validation of the scheme and its ability to describe these complex scenarios accurately and efficiently. The paper concludes with a brief discussion on the use of the code in supporting the development of algorithms for fast running engineering models.

关键词：爆炸装置复杂场景场景模拟能量来源武装部队时间尺度相互作用形状复杂

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EVALUATION OF SMART BOOSTER FANS AND DAMPERS FOR ADVANCED HVAC SYSTEMS

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Journal of green Building 2021年第2期16卷 115-127页

作者： Behdad Rezanejadzanjani paul g.O’Brien Department of Mechanical Engineering Lassonde School of EngineeringYork University 4700 Keele St.TorontoONM3J 1P3Canada

There is potential to significantly reduce CO_(2) emissions by increasing the efficiency and reducing the duty cycle of HVAC systems by using smart booster fans and *** booster fans fit in the vents within a home,operating quietly on low power(2W)to augment HVAC systems and improve their *** this study,a prototype duct system is used to measure and evaluate the ability for smart booster fans and dampers to control airflow to different vents for the purpose of increasing the efficiency of HVAC *** case studies were evaluated:an HVAC system(1)without any fans or dampers,(2)with a fan installed in one vent,but without any dampers,(3)with dampers installed at the vents,but without any fans,and(4)with both fan and dampers *** results from both the experi-mental and numerical evaluation show that the smart booster fan and dampers can significantly improve the airflow at a vent that is *** example,the airflow at the last vent in a ducting branch was increased from 17 to 37 CFM when a smart booster fan was installed at this *** from the numerical analysis show that for the case of an underperforming vent during the winter season the HVAC running time may be reduced from 24 hr/day to 5.6 hr/***,results from the numerical analysis show the HVAC running time is further reduced to 4.5 hr/day for cases 3 and 4.

关键词： HVAC efficiency smart booster fans smart dampers airflow at HVAC vents HVAC duty cycles computational fluid dynamics(CFD)

Pressurized environments directly influence friction and wear of dry steel contacts—Investigations in a novel high fluid pressure tribometer

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Friction 2024年第7期12卷 1599-1617页

作者： paul REICHLE Jakob BARZ georg UMLAUF günter E.M.TOVAR Institute of Interfacial Process Engineering and Plasma Technology(IgVP) University of StuttgartStuttgart 70569Germany Fraunhofer Institute for Interfacial Engineering and Biotechnology(IgB) Stuttgart 70569Germany

To reduce the usage of classical lubricants in deep drawing,a new tribological system based on volatile lubricants was ***,a volatile medium is injected under high pressure into the interstice between drawing tool and sheet *** on temperature and pressure,the temporary lubricant may exist in its gaseous or liquid *** this study,a novel high fluid pressure tribometer was designed to investigate the friction and wear of dry steel contacts under comparable conditions like in dry deep ***,a new ball-on-disc tribometer was designed and integrated into a high-pressure *** specifically investigate the effects of different environments(technical air,liquid and gaseous carbon dioxide,nitrogen,argon)at atmospheric and high pressure(0.1 MPa,6 MPa)on tribology,the specimens and all components were operating *** the experiments,the friction was measured *** show that the highest friction occurs in air and the lowest in carbon dioxide *** to the experiments,the wear of the specimens was assessed along with changes in surface chemistry related to tribochemical ***,the tribology of the dry sliding contacts is correlated to changes of the surface *** differences as well as similarities regarding the different fluid environments are *** the results show,the differences between the media used are most pronounced at elevated ***,this work gives clear indications on the suitability of volatile lubricants in dry friction or rather gas lubrication,especially for dry deep drawing.

关键词： dry friction and dry wear gas lubrication carbon dioxide tribo-layer dry metal forming