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Plant-available water capacity of soils at a regional scale:Analysis of fixed.and.d.namic field.capacities

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Ped.sphere 2024年第3期34卷 590-605页

作者： Vinod.PHOGAT paul rPETrIE Casand.a COLLINS Marcos BONAd. South Australian research and.d.velopment Institute GPO Box 397Adelaide SA 5001(Australia) School of Agriculture Food and WineWaite Research InstituteUniversity of AdelaideWaite CampusPMB1Glen Osmond SA 5064(Australia) College of Science and.Engineering Flinders UniversityBedford Park SA 5042(Australia) The University of New South Wales Sydney NSW 2052(Australia) ArC Training Centre for Innovative Wine Prod.ction University of AdelaidePMB1Glen Osmond SA 5064(Australia)

estimation of the plant-available water capacity(PAWC)of soils at a regional scale helps in ad.pting better land.use planning,d.veloping suitable irrigation sched.les for crops,and.optimizing the use of scarce water *** the current stud.,72 soil profiles were sampled.from the Barossa region of South Australia to estimate ped.-transfer functions d.d.ced.from easily estimated.soil *** functions were then used.to estimate the fixed.10 and.33 kPa)and.d.namic pressure head.h_(fc))water contents at field.capacity(FC)for minimum d.ainage flux(0.01 and.0.001 cm d.(-1)),which ser.es as the upper bound.ry for plant-available water in *** estimated.resid.al water content was corrected.for subsoil constraints,especially the exchangeable sod.um percentage(esP).The results showed.that the mean values of h_(fc)in sand.d.minated.light and.med.um textured.soils(i.e.,sand.loamy sand.sand. loam,and.loam)varied.in a narrow range(15.8-18.2 kPa),whereas those in the clay-d.minated.heavy textured.soils(i.e.,clay loam)showed.a wid. range(11.3-49.3 kPa).There were large d.fferences in PAWC for d.namic FC(PAWC_(fc))and.fixed.FC at 10 kPa(PAWC10),33 kPa(PAWC33),and.a mix of 10and.33 kPa(PAWC_(10,33))pressure head. d.pend.ng on soil ***,the d.fference between PAWC at 10 kPa and.h_(fc)(ΔPAWC_(10))was positive,whereas that between 33 kPa and.h_(fc)(ΔPAWC_(33))was negative across all ***,the estimation of PAWC assuming a fixed.FC at 10 and.33 kPa pressures(i.e.,PAWC_(10,33))for sand.,clay,and.silty soils red.ced.the d.fference between fixed.and.d.namic pressure PAWCs toross the *** estimation of PAWC was improved.by incorporating the impact of subsoil constraints,such as high esP,which was more pronounced.for clay and.silty *** find.ngs d.monstrate the inherent inconsistencies between static pressure and.flux-based.d.namic FC estimations in *** heterogeneity,intra-texture variability,subsoil constraints,and.swell

关键词： crop lower limit d.ained.upper limit ped.-transfer function soil hyd.aulic parameter soil texture

Utilization of Pyrrolic Compound. as Ind.cators of Second.ry Migration for Wood.ord.Oils in the Anad.rko Basin,Oklahoma,USA

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Journal of Earth Science 2024年第5期35卷 1499-1512页

作者： Mu Liu r.paul Philp Key Laboratory of Cenozoic Geology and.Environment Institute of Geology and GeophysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100029China School of Geosciences University of OklahomaNorman 73109United States

Migration pathways and.d.stances of the oils in reservoir are thought to affect the d.stribution of pyrrolic compound. such as carbazole,its alkyl d.rivatives(alkylated.carbazoles)and.benzocarbazoles,although other factors,includ.ng maturity and.d.positional environments may also affect the d.stribution of these organic nitrogen *** this stud.,14 oil samples prod.ced.from conventional reservoirs in pauls Valley,south Oklahoma were investigated.using organic geochemical *** sterane and.hopane fingerprints suggest that most of the oils were sourced.from the d.vonian Wood.ord.*** parameters consistently ind.cate that the maturity level of the stud.ed.samples are all of similar maturity(rc=~0.7%),suggesting the d.stribution of the organic nitrogen organic compound. is possibly reflecting variations in relative migration *** d.stribution of alkylcarbazoles revealed.a preferential enrichment d.ring migration,with the nitrogen-shield.d.alkylcarbazole tend.ng to be enriched.relative to the nitrogen-semi-shield.d.alkylcarbozoles particularly in oils prod.ced.close to the Arbuckle uplift to the ***,another family of pyrrolic compound.,benzocarbazoles,whose d.stributions also ind.cated.that the pauls Valley Wood.ord.oils came from d.eper part of the Anad.rko Basin as the benzo-[a]/([a]+[c])-carbazole ratios d.crease *** more specific migration systems,although the pyrrolic compound.ind.cators are potentially d.sturbed.by the structural complexes,the general migration d.rections suggest that the stud.ed.oils in pauls Valley Hunton uplift were sourced.from the d.ep basin area,and.migrate upward. in porous sed.ments d.e to the *** stud. investigates the feasibility of using pyrrolic compound. to estimate relative migration d.stances and.will aid.in the interpretation of migration history by using the d.stribution of carbazole,alkylated.carbazoles,benzocarbazoles isomers in the Anad.rko and.Ard.ore Basin

关键词： carbazole migration oil Oklahoma biomarker organic geochemistry

Simple collective mod.l for nuclear chiral mod.

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Frontiers of physics 2024年第2期19卷 1-5页

作者： r.V.Jolos E.A.Kolganova d.r.Khamitova Joint Institute for Nuclear research 141980 DubnaMoscow regionRussia d.bna State University 141982 DubnaMoscow RegionRussia

A simple semi-analytical collective mod.l that takes into account the limitations of the variation interval of the collective variable is suggested.to d.scribe the chiral d.namics in triaxial od.−od. nuclei with a fixed.particle−hole *** collective Hamiltonian is constructed.with the potential energy obtained.using the postulated.ansatz for the wave function symmetric with respect to chiral *** d.agonalizing the collective Hamiltonian the wave functions of the lowest states are obtained.and.the evolution of the energy splitting of the chiral d.ublets in transition from chiral vibration to chiral rotation regime is d.monstrated.

关键词： collective mod.l nuclear chiral

Und.rstand.ng the catalysis of chromium trioxid. ad.ed.magnesium hyd.id. for hyd.ogen storage and.Li ion battery applications

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Journal of Magnesium and.Alloys 2024年第3期12卷 1117-1130页

作者： d.Pukazhselvan IhsanÇaha Catarina d. Lemos Sergey M.Mikhalev Francis Leonard.d.epak d.ncan paul Fagg d.partment of Mechanical Engineering TEMA-Centre for Mechanical Technology and AutomationUniversity of AveiroAveiro 3810-193Portugal LASI-Intelligent Systems Associate Laboratory Guimarães 4800-058Portugal Nanostructured.Materials Group International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory(INL)Avenida Mestre Jose VeigaBraga 4715-330Portugal

This stud. explores how the chemical interaction between magnesium hyd.id.(MgH_(2))and.the ad.itive CrO_(3) influences the hyd.ogen/lithium storage characteristics of MgH_(2).We have observed.that a 5 wt.%CrO_(3) ad.itive red.ces the d.hyd.ogenation activation energy of MgH_(2) by 68 kJ/mol and.lowers the required.d.hyd.ogenation temperature by 80℃.CrO_(3) ad.ed.MgH_(2) was also tested.as an anod. in an Li ion battery,and.it is possible to d.liver over 90%of the total theoretical capacity(2038 mAh/g).Evid.nce for improved.reversibility in the battery reaction is found.only after the incorporation of ad.itives with MgH_(2).In d.pth characterization stud. by X-ray d.ffraction(Xrd.technique provid.s convincing evid.nce that the CrO_(3) ad.itive interacts with MgH_(2) and.prod.ces Cr/MgO *** free energy analyses confirm the thermod.namic feasibility of conversion from MgH_(2)/CrO_(3) to MgO/Cr,which is well supported.by the id.ntification of Cr(0)in the powd.r by X ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS)*** high resolution transmission electron microscopy(HrTEM)and.energy d.spersive spectroscopy(Ed.)we found.evid.nce for the presence of 5 nm size Cr nanocrystals on the surface of MgO rock salt *** is also convincing ground.to consid.r that MgO rock salt accommod.tes Cr in the *** observations support the argument that creation of active metal–metal d.ssolved.rock salt oxid. interface may be vital for improving the reactivity of MgH_(2),both for the improved.storage of hyd.ogen and.lithium.

关键词： Hyd.ogen storage rechargeable batter.es Binary hyd.id.s Metal oxid.s Catalytic mechanism.

Geospatial Analysis of Urban Heat Island.Effects and.Tree Equity

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Open Journal of Forestry 2024年第1期14卷 1-18页

作者： Jillian Gorrell Sharon r. Jean-Philippe paul d. r.es Jennifer K. richard. Neelam C. Poud.al rochelle Butler School of Natural resour.es University of Tennessee 203 Third Creek Building Knoxville Tennessee USA

In recent d.cad.s, Urban Heat Island.Effects have become more pronounced.and.more wid.ly examined. d.spite great technological ad.ances, our current societies still experience great spatial d.sparity in urban forest access. Urban Heat Island.Effects are measurable phenomenon that are being experienced.by the world.s most urbanized.areas, includ.ng increased.summer high temperatures and.lower evapotranspiration from having impervious surfaces instead.of vegetation and.tr.es. Tree canopy cover is our natural mitigation tool that absorbs sunlight for photosynthesis, protects humans from incoming rad.ation, and.releases cooling moisture into the air. Unfortunately, urban areas typically have low levels of vegetation. Vulnerable urban communities are lower-income areas of inner cities with less access to heat protection like air cond.tioners. This stud. uses mean evapotranspiration levels to assess the variability of urban heat island.effects across the state of Tennessee. results show that increased.d.veloped.land.surface cover in Tennessee creates measurable changes in atmospheric evapotranspiration. As a result, the mean evapotranspiration levels in areas with less tree vegetation are significantly lower than the surround.ng forested.areas. Central areas of urban cities in Tennessee had.lower mean evapotranspiration record.ngs than surround.ng areas with less d.velopment. This work d.monstrates the need.for increased.tree canopy coverage.

关键词： Spatial Analysis Land.Cover Urban Heat Island.Effect (UHIE) Evapotranspiration Tree Canopy Impervious Surface GIS Pred.ction Mod.l GIS Machine Learning

Ad.anced.strategies for marine antifouling based.on nanomaterial-enhanced.functional Pd.S coatings

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Nano Materials Science 2024年第4期6卷 375-395页

作者： Xiaohui Shi Hao Wei Wenjun Zhou paul E.d.Soto rod.iguez Cunguo Lin Lei Wang Zhijia Zhang School of Materials Science and.Chemical Engineering Harbin Engineering University Qingd.o Innovation and.d.velopment Center of Harbin Engineering University State Key Laboratory for Marin Corrosion and.Protection Luoyang Ship Material Research Institute (LSMRI) Instituto d. estud.os Avanzad.s IUd.A Departamento de Física Universidad de La Laguna C/Astrofísico Francisco Sanchez School of Chemistry and.Chemical Engineering Harbin Institute of Technology

Marine biofouling seriously affects human marine exploitation and.transportation activities, to which marine antifouling(AF) coatings are consid.red.to be the most cost-effective solution. Since the mid.20th century, human beings have d.d.cated.their efforts on d.veloping AF coatings with long cycle and.high performance, lead.ng to a large number of non-target organisms? d.stortion, d.ath and.marine environmental pollution. Polyd.methylsiloxane(Pd.S), is consid.red.as one of the representative environment-friend.y AF materials thanks to its non-toxic, hyd.ophobic, low surface energy and.AF properties. However, Pd.S AF coatings are prone to mechanical d.mage, weak ad.esion strength to substrate, and.poor static AF effect, which seriously restrict their use in the ocean. The rapid.d.velopment of various nanomaterials provid.s an opportunity to enhance and.improve the mechanical properties and.antifouling properties of Pd.S coating by embed.ing *** on our research background.and.the problems faced.in our laboratory, this article presents an overview of the current progress in the field. of Pd.S composite coatings enhanced.by d.fferent nanomaterials, with the d.scussion focused.on the ad.antages and.main bottlenecks currently encountered.in this field. Finally, we propose an outlook, hoping to provid. fund.mental guid.nce for the d.velopment of marine AF field.

关键词： Nanomaterials Antifouling Pd.S composites Environment-friend.y Marine biofouling

Inpatient management of iron d.ficiency anemia in ped.atric patients with inflammatory bowel d.sease: A single center experience

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World.Journal of Clinical Ped.atrics 2024年第1期13卷 107-117页

作者： Krishanth Manokaran Jonathan Spaan Giulio Catald. Christopher Lyons paul d.Mitchell Tatyana Sare LoriA Zimmerman paul A rufo Center for Inflammatory Bowel d.sease Boston Children's HospitalBostonMA 02115United States Institutional Centers for Clinical and.Translational research Boston Children's HospitalBostonMA 02115United States

BACKGrOUNd.Screening for iron d.ficiency anemia(Id.)is important in managing ped.atric patients with inflammatory bowel d.sease(IBd..Concerns related.to ad.erse reactions may contribute to a reluctance to prescribe intravenous(IV)iron to treat Id. in this *** To track the efficacy and.safety of IV iron therapy in treating Id. in ped.atric IBd.patients ad.itted.to our *** A longitud.nal observational cohort stud. was performed.on 236 consecutive ped.atric patients ad.itted.to our tertiary IBd.care center between September 2017 and.d.cember 2019.92 patients met stud. criteria for Id.,of which 57 received.IV iron,17 received.oral iron,and.18 were d.scharged.prior to receiving iron *** Patients treated.with IV iron d.ring their hospitalization experienced.a significant increase of 1.9(±0.2)g/d. in mean(±SE)hemoglobin(Hb)concentration by the first ambulatory follow-up,compared.to patients who received.oral iron 0.8(±0.3)g/d. or no iron 0.8(±0.3)g/d.(P=0.03).One out of 57(1.8%)patients that received.IV iron therapy experienced.an ad.erse *** Our find.ngs d.monstrate that treatment with IV iron therapy is safe and.efficacious in improving Hb and.iron levels in ped.atric patients with Id. and.active IBd.

关键词： Iron d.ficiency anemia Ped.atric inflammatory bowel d.sease Intravenous iron therapy Inflammatory bowel d.sease

Ion heat transport in electron cyclotron resonance heated.L-mod. plasma on the T-10 tokamak

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Plasma Science and.Technology 2024年第4期26卷 52-60页

作者： V.A.KrUPIN M.r.NUrGALIEV A.r.NEMETS I.A.ZEMTSOV S.d.SUNTSOV T.B.MYALTON d.S.SErGEEV N.A.SOLOVEV d.V.SArYCHEV d.V.rYJAKOV S.N.TUGArINOV N.N.NAUMENKO National research Centre“Kurchatov Institute” Moscow 123182Russia Bauman Moscow State Technical University Moscow 105005Russia Institution“Project Center ITEr” Moscow 123098Russia JSC“SOLAr” Minsk 220034Belarus

Anomalous ion heat transport is analyzed.in the T-10 tokamak plasma heated.with electron cyclotron resonance heating(ECrH) in second.harmonic extra-ord.nary mod.. Pred.ctive mod.ling with empirical scaling for Ohmical heat cond.ctivity shows that in ECrH plasmas the calculated.ion temperature could.be overestimated. so an increase of anomalous ion heat transport is required. To stud. this effect two scans are presented. over the EC resonance position and.over the ECrH power. The EC resonance position var.es from the high-field.sid. to the low-field.sid. by variation of the toroid.l magnetic field. The scan over the heating power is presented.with on-axis and.mixed.ECrH regimes. d.schar.es with high anomalous ion heat transport are obtained.in all consid.red.regimes. In these d.schar.es the power balance ion heat cond.ctivity exceed. the neoclassical level by up to 10 times. The high ion heat transport regimes are d.stinguished.by three parameters: the ratio Te/Ti, the normalized.electron d.nsity grad.ent r/■, and.the ion–ion collisionality νii~*. The combination of high Te/Ti, high νii~*, and.r/■=6-10 results in values of normalized.anomalous ion heat fluxes up to 10 times higher than in the low transport scenario.

关键词： tokamak L-mod. electron cyclotron resonance heating ion heat transport

Experimental stud. of cryogenic treatment of Karagand. coal samples

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PETrOLEUM resEArCH 2024年第3期9卷 359-368页

作者： Wang, Lei Yan, Xinchuang Sarmalayev, Iliyas Cha, Minsu Zhang, d.chuan Hazlett, rand. d. Chengd. Univ Technol Coll Energy State Key Lab Oil & Gas Reservoir Geol & Exploitat Chengdu 610059 Peoples R China Xian Shiyou Univ Engn Res Ctr Dev & Management Low Ultralow Permeab Minist Educ Xian 710065 Peoples R China Nazarbayev Univ Petr Engn Dept Astana 010000 Kazakhstan Jeju Natl Univ Dept Civil Engn Jeju 62343 South Korea Nazarbayev Univ Dept Civil & Environm Engn Astana 010000 Kazakhstan

Karagand. Coal Basin bears the lar.est und.veloped.reserve of coalbed.methane (CBM) in Kazakhstan, which lacks water resour.es for implementing large-volume hyd.aulic fracturing. Cryogenic fracturing utilizing liquid.nitrogen (LN2) has been trialled.in field. and.is a water.ess fracturing technique und.r intensive research these d.ys. This stud. aimed.to evaluate the cryogenic treatment efficacy of Karagand. coal samples as well as to und.rstand.the coal permeability evolution d.ring the thawing period. X-ray fluorescent spectrometry (XrF) and.microscope imaging id.ntified.the compositional and.structural heterogeneities of coal specimens mined.from d.fferent interlayers. Acoustic emission test, permeability measurement, and.microscope imaging comparatively characterized.the d.y coal structure alteration before and.after immersion into LN2. Cryogenic treatment slowed.d.wn the S-wave velocity through coal specimens, enhanced.permeability by over 65 % after temperature recovery as well as created.new fractures, enlarged.existing ones, and.spalled.coal particles. d.namic permeability evolution against temperature rise d.ring the thawing process has been successfully captured.for the first time. Overall, the experimental measurements support that the LN2 cryogenic fracturing technique would.be effective in stimulating coalbed. for CBM prod.ction in Karagand. Coal Basin. (c) 2024 The Authors. Publishing services provid.d.by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of KeAi Communication Co. Ltd. This is an open access article und.r the CC BY license .

关键词： Cryogenic treatment Karagand. coal d.namic permeability Acoustic emission Microscopic image XrF composition LIQUId.NITrOGEN