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Evidence supporting the relationship between maternal asthma and risk for autism spectrum disorders

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第4期20卷 1101-1102页

作者： Hadley Osman paul Ashwood Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology and the M.I.N.D.InstituteUniversity of California at DavisSacramentoCAUSA

During pregnancy,maternal immune activation(MIA),due to infection,chronic inflammatory disorders,or toxic exposures,can result in lasting health impacts on the developing *** has been associated with an increased risk of neurodevelopmental disorders,such as autism spectrum disorder(ASD)in the *** is characterized by increased repetitive and stereotyped behaviors and decreased *** of 2020,1 in 36 children are diagnosed with ASD by the age of 8 years,with ASD rates continuing to increase in prevalence in USA(Tamayo et al.,2023).Post-mortem brain studies,biomarker and transcriptomic studies,and epidemiology studies have provided compelling evidence of immune dysregulation in the circulation and brain of individuals diagnosed with ***,the etiology of ASD is largely unknown,however,genetic components and environmental factors can contribute to increased *** allergic asthma(MAA),a form of MIA,has been identified as a potential risk factor for developing neurodevelopmental disorders(Patel et al.,2020).Asthma is a chronic inflammatory condition driven by a T-helper type(TH)2 immune response.

关键词： disorders epidemiology fetus

Emerging insights into the function of very long chain fatty acids at cerebellar synapses

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第6期20卷 1709-1710页

作者： Martin-paul Agbaga Mohiuddin Ahmad Department of Cell Biology and Ophthalmology University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Centerand Dean McGee Eye InstituteOklahoma CityOKUSA

Very long chain-saturated and-polyunsaturated fatty acids(VLC-SFA and VLC-PUFA, respectively) are a functionally important class of fatty acids containing 28 carbons or more in their acyl chain. They are synthesized by the elongation of very long fatty acids-4(ELOVL4) enzyme, expressed mainly in the brain, retina, skin, testes, and meibomian gland, where these fatty acids are found(Agbaga et al., 2008). Further, these organs exhibit tissuespecific VLC-PUFA and VLC-SFA biosynthesis and incorporation into complex lipids for specific functions. In the brain, skin, and Meibomian glands, the ELOVL4 mainly makes VLC-SFA, which are incorporated into complex sphingolipids. In the retina, the ELOVL4 makes VLC-PUFA that are incorporated into phosphatidylcholine, that are critical for visual function, while in testes and sperm, the VLC-PUFA are incorporated into sphingolipids that are critical for fertility(Yeboah et al., 2021).

关键词： functions function insight

Outcomes of a non-diffractive extended depth of focus intraocular lens in patients with well-controlled glaucoma and ocular hypertension

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International Journal of Ophthalmology(English edition) 2025年第1期18卷 79-85页

作者： Jia-Ru Liu Andrei-Alexandru Szigiato paul Harasymowycz Department of Ophthalmology University of MontrealQuebec H3T 1J4Canada Department of Ophthalmology Hôpital Sacré-CoeurQuebec H4J 1C5Canada Department of Ophthalmology Hôpital Maisonneuve-RosemontQuebec H1T 2M4Canada Bellevue Ophthalmology Clinics Quebec H1V 1G5Canada

AIM:To assess visual outcomes and satisfaction of a non-diffractive extended depth of focus(EDOF)intraocular lens(IOL)in individuals with ocular hypertension(OHT)and well-controlled mild glaucoma undergoing cataract ***:An investigator-initiated,single-center,prospective,interventional,noncomparative study conducted in Montreal,*** study enrolled 31 patients(55 eyes)with OHT or mild glaucoma who received a non-diffractive EDOF IOL(Acrysof IQ Vivity).Participants underwent sequential cataract surgery with the Vivity ***-up evaluations occurred at 1d,1,and 3mo postoperatively,assessing uncorrected distance,intermediate,and near visual ***(QUVID:Questionnaire for visual disturbances and IOLSAT:Intraocular lens satisfaction)were administered pre and post-operatively to measure visual disturbances and spectacle independence in various *** parameters included intraocular pressure(IOP),glaucoma medications,spherical equivalence,mean deviation and pattern standard deviation or square root of lost variance on Octopus visual ***:At 1 and 3mo postoperatively,significant improvements were observed in uncorrected distance and intermediate visual *** independence was enhanced for distance and intermediate vision,especially in bright light ***-free intermediate vision was improved even in dim *** disturbances,particularly glare symptoms,were reduced,and there was a notable decrease in IOP and glaucoma medication burden at *** was more hazy vision postoperatively with no impact on visual acuity and visual ***:The non-diffractive EDOF lens improves distance and intermediate spectacle-free visual function in patients with OHT and well-controlled *** findings highlight significant improvements in visual acuity,reduced glare,enhanced spectacle independence,and improved visual performance in different lighting conditions.

关键词： extended depth of focus refractive glaucoma ocular hypertension cataract intraocular lens

A weak formulation of heterogenous viscoacoustic wave propagation in infinite domain

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Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration 2025年第1期24卷 31-51页

作者： Xie Zhinan Zheng Yonglu paul Cristini Alexis Bottero Shan Zhendong Lu Jianqi Zhang Xubin Key Laboratory of Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration Institute of Engineering MechanicsChina Earthquake AdministrationKey Laboratory of Earthquake Disaster MitigationMinistry of Emergency ManagementHarbin 150080China Laboratoire de Mecanique et d’Acoustique du CNRS Aix Marseille Univ.CNRSMarseille F-13353France Marine Physical Laboratory Scripps Institution of OceanographyUniversity of CaliforniaSan Diego 92093USA

The accurate simulation of wave propagation in real media requires properly taking the attenuation into account,which leads to wave dissipation together with its causal companion,wave *** this study,to obtain a weak formulation of heterogenous viscoacoustic wave propagation in an infinite domain,the viscoacoustic medium is first characterized by its frequency-dependent complex bulk compliance instead of the classically used complex bulk ***,a mechanical model using serially connected standard linear solids(SSLS)is built to obtain the rational approximation of the complex bulk compliance whose parameters are calculated via an adapted nonlinear optimization *** the obtained bulk compliance-based constitutive relation,a novel second-order viscoacoustic wave equation in the frequency domain is derived,of which the weak formulation can be physically explained as the virtual work equation and can thus be discretized using a continuous spectral element method in ***,a new method is introduced to address the convolution terms involved in the inverse Fourier transform,whose accurate time integration can then be achieved using an explicit time scheme,which avoids the transient growth that exists in the classical *** resulting full time-space decoupling scheme can handle wave propagation in arbitrary heterogeneous ***,to treat the wave propagation in an infinite domain,a perfectly matched layer in weak formulation is derived for the truncation of the infinite domain via complex coordinate stretching of the virtual work *** only minor modification,the resulting perfectly matched layer can be implemented using the same time scheme as for the wave equation inside the truncated *** accuracy,numerical stability,and versatility of the new proposed scheme are demonstrated with numerical examples.

关键词： viscoacoustic wave standard linear solid complex bulk compliance heterogenous media perfectly matched layer Legendre spectral element method

The effect of adsorbent textural and functional properties on model naphthenic acid adsorption

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2025年第2期148卷 27-37页

作者： Tyler M.Roy Elmira Nazari Oliver K.L.Strong paul R.Pede Andrew J.Vreugdenhil Material Science Department of ChemistryTrent University1600 West BankPeterboroughOntario K9L 0G2Canada Carbonix 690 Mountain RdSuite 200Fort William First NationOntario P7J 1G8Canada

Naphthenic acids,NAs,are a major contaminant of concern and a focus of much research around remediation of oil sand process affected waters,*** activated carbon adsorbents are an attractive option given their low cost of fabrication and implementation.A deeper evaluation of the effect NA structural differences have on uptake affinity is *** we provide an in-depth exploration of NA adsorption including many more model NA species than have been assessed previously with evaluation of adsorption kinetics and isotherms at the relevant alkaline pH of OSPW using several different carbon adsorbents with pH buffering to simulate the behaviour of real *** for the NA varied considerably regardless of the activated carbon used,ranging from 350 mg/g to near zero highlighting recalcitrant *** equilibrium data was explored to identify structural features of these species and key physiochemical properties that influence *** found that certainNAwill be resistant to adsorptionwhen hydrophobic adsorbents are *** isotherm modelling helped explore interactions occurring at the interface between NA and adsorbent *** identified the importance of NA hydrophobicity for activated carbon *** is also presented that indicates favorable hydrogen bonding between certain NA and surface site hydroxyl groups,demonstrating the importance of adsorbent surface functionality for NA *** research highlights the challenges associated with removing NAs from OSPW through adsorption and also identifies howadsorbent surface chemistry modification can be used to increase the removal efficiency of recalcitrant NA species.

关键词： Adsorption Activated carbon Model naphthenic acids Isotherm modelling

Atrial arrhythmias following lung transplantation:A state of the art review

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World Journal of Transplantation 2025年第2期15卷 65-83页

作者： Thirugnanasambandan Sunder paul Ramesh Madhan Kumar Department of Heart Lung Transplantation and Mechanical Circulatory Support Apollo HospitalsChennai 600086Tamil NaduIndia

Lung transplantation(LT)is now an accepted therapy for end stage lung disease in appropriate *** arrhythmias(AA)can occur after *** AA after LT are most often atrial fibrillation,whereas late arrhythmias which occur many months or years after LT are often atrial *** causes of AA are *** review begins with a brief history of LT and *** review further describes the pathophysiology of the *** risk factors,incidence,recipient characteristics including intra-operative factors are elaborated *** there are no clear and specific guidelines on the management of atrial arrhythmia following LT,the recommended guidelines on the management of AA in general are often extrapolated and used in the setting of post LT *** strategy of rate control vs rhythm control is *** pros and cons of various drug regimen,need for direct current cardioversion and catheter ablation therapies are *** methods to prevent or reduce the incidence of AA after LT are *** impact of AA on the short-term and long-term outcomes following LT is discussed.

关键词： Lung transplantation Atrial arrhythmias Atrial fibrillation Atrial flutter Atrial tachycardia Rate control drugs Rhythm control drugs Catheter ablation Post operative Anticoagulation

Systematic review and case report on intraocular ointment after cataract surgery

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国际眼科杂志 2025年第3期25卷 344-350页

作者： Mwale paul Zheng Yan Chen Xiaomin Ke Min Department of Ophthalmology Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan UniversityWuhan 430071Hubei ProvinceChina

Intraocular ointment is conventionally placed on the eye to prevent infection after cataract *** purpose of this study is to report a case and conduct a systematic review of a rare occurrence of the entry of intraocular ointment after cataract ***,Scopus,Embase,CNKI,WANFANG data,China Science and Technology Journal Database and Chinese Medical Journal Full-text Database were systematically searched from their commencement to 30 th October 2023,and 19 literatures were screened out and 31 cases of intraocular ointment after surgery were *** the 31 patients,the age of presentation ranged from 55 to 87 years with a median of 73,males accounted for 45.2%and females accounted for 32.3%.The length of the incision was generally 3.2 *** of the patients detected ointment within 3 days post-operation and presented without complications(45.2%).The most common ocular manifestations were corneal edema,glaucoma and *** postoperative follow-up is very *** of anterior chamber ointment is a rare complication after cataract surgery,but it can lead to severe vision loss if not detected and treated on *** patients complain of foreign body sensation in the in the eye after cataract surgery,ophthalmologists need to take a kin interest and examine the eye for early detection of ointment for appropriate intervention and prevent further complications.

关键词： intraocular ointment cataract surgery toxic anterior segment syndrome corneal decompensation cystoid macular edema anterior chamber

Venous thromboembolism following lung transplantation

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World Journal of Transplantation 2025年第2期15卷 106-117页

作者： Thirugnanasambandan Sunder paul Ramesh Thangaraj Madhan Kumar Kuppusamy Department of Heart Lung Transplantation and Mechanical Circulatory Support Apollo HospitalsChennai 600086Tamil NaduIndia

Lung transplantation(LT)is currently a surgical therapy option for end-stage lung *** thromboembolism(VTE),which can occur after LT,is associated with significant morbidity and *** of improved out-comes,increasing numbers of patients are receiving LT as *** on the waitlist for LT tend to be older with weakness and frailty in addition to pulmonary *** factors contribute to a heightened risk of post-operative ***,patients who clinically deteriorate while on the waitlist may require extra corporeal membrane oxygenation as a bridge to *** and thromboembolism are common in these *** embolism(PE)in a freshly transplanted lung can have significant effects leading to morbidity and *** typically leads to impairment of gas exchange and right ventricular *** LT,PE can affect healing of bronchial anastomosis and may even contribute to the development of chronic allograft lung *** article discussed the incidence,clinical features and diagnosis of VTE after ***,the treatment modalities,complications,and outcomes of VTE were reviewed.

关键词： Lung transplantation Venous thromboembolism Pulmonary embolism Pulmonary infarction Deep vein thrombosis Airway complications Bronchial ischemia Chronic lung allograft dysfunction Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation Anticoagulation

Exercise-Induced Bronchospasm, Prevalence and Associated Factors in University Students in STAPS

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Journal of Biosciences and Medicines 2025年第1期13卷 92-101页

作者： paul Roger Mabounda Kounga Alain Boussana Florent Nsompi Hue Olivier Department of Physiology Higher Institute of Physical and Sports Education (ISEPS) Marien Ngouabi University Brazzaville Republic of the Congo Laboratory of Education Health Expertise and Motor Performance (ESEPM) Brazzaville Republic of the Congo Molecular Biology Laboratory Shanghai Sports University Shanghai China Unit of Sciences and Technics of Physical Education and Sport University of Montpellier Montpellier France Laboratoy ACTES Antilles Guyane University Cedex France Laboratory Respiratory Hormonal and Gerontological Sports Explorations Unit National Institute of Youth Physical Education and Sport (INJEPS) University of Abomey-Calavi (UAC) Abomey-Calavi Benin

Background: There are links between physical exercise, fine particles and the prevalence of exercise-induced bronchospasm (EIB). Objective: The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of exercise-induced bronchospasm in students of sciences and techniques of physical activities and sports (STAPS) exercising in a hot, humid and relatively polluted environment. Methods: Twenty-two first-year undergraduate students, including 11 in PE and 11 in SPORT, aged 21.64 ± 1.80 years, participated in a football match. Resting spirometry was performed before and 5 minutes after the match. During the match, particulate matter (PM2.5 and PM10) was measured every 10 minutes around the football pitch. Ambient temperature and relative humidity were recorded. The diagnosis of EIB was based on a decrease in FEV1 of at least 10% after the match. If there was a decrease, the participant was considered susceptible to EIB. Results: Five subjects were positive for exercise-induced bronchospasm, a percentage of 22%. Ambient temperature and relative humidity were 34.22˚C ± 1.38˚C and 52.2% ± 4.97%, respectively. Concentrations of PM2.5 and PM10 were between 53.3 - 115.5 µg/m3 and 75.5 - 168.2 µg/m3, respectively, exceeding WHO limits. Conclusion: These results show a high incidence of exercise-induced bronchospasm in students without a history of asthma but exercising in a hot, humid and environment polluted by fine particles.

关键词： Bronchoconstriction Air Pollution Sports Health Respiratory Asthma Athlete