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Evidence supporting the rela.ionship between ma.erna. a.thma.a.d risk for a.tism spectrum disorders

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Neura. Regenera.ion Resea.ch 2025年第4期20卷 1101-1102页

作者： Ha.ley Osma. paul a.hwood Depa.tment of Medica. Microbiology a.d Immunology and the M.I.N.D.InstituteUniversity of California at DavisSacramentoCAUSA

During pregna.cy,ma.erna. immune a.tiva.ion(MIa.,due to infection,chronic infla.ma.ory disorders,or toxic exposures,ca. result in la.ting hea.th impa.ts on the developing *** ha. been a.socia.ed with a. increa.ed risk of neurodevelopmenta. disorders,such a. a.tism spectrum disorder(a.D)in the *** is cha.a.terized by increa.ed repetitive a.d stereotyped beha.iors a.d decrea.ed *** of 2020,1 in 36 children a.e dia.nosed with a.D by the a.e of 8 yea.s,with a.D ra.es continuing to increa.e in preva.ence in USa.Ta.a.o et a..,2023).Post-mortem bra.n studies,bioma.ker a.d tra.scriptomic studies,a.d epidemiology studies ha.e provided compelling evidence of immune dysregula.ion in the circula.ion a.d bra.n of individua.s dia.nosed with ***,the etiology of a.D is la.gely unknown,however,genetic components a.d environmenta. fa.tors ca. contribute to increa.ed *** a.lergic a.thma.Ma.),a.form of MIa.ha. been identified a. a.potentia. risk fa.tor for developing neurodevelopmenta. disorders(Pa.el et a..,2020).a.thma.is a.chronic infla.ma.ory condition driven by a.T-helper type(TH)2 immune response.

关键词： disorders epidemiology fetus

Emerging insights into the function of very long cha.n fa.ty a.ids a. cerebella. syna.ses

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Neura. Regenera.ion Resea.ch 2025年第6期20卷 1709-1710页

作者： Ma.tin-paul a.ba.a.Mohiuddin a.ma. Depa.tment of Cell Biology a.d Ophtha.mology University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Centerand Dean McGee Eye InstituteOklahoma CityOKUSA

Very long cha.n-sa.ura.ed a.d-polyunsa.ura.ed fa.ty a.ids(VLC-SFa.a.d VLC-PUFa. respectively) a.e a.functiona.ly importa.t cla.s of fa.ty a.ids conta.ning 28 ca.bons or more in their a.yl cha.n. They a.e synthesized by the elonga.ion of very long fa.ty a.ids-4(ELOVL4) enzyme, expressed ma.nly in the bra.n, retina. skin, testes, a.d meibomia. gla.d, where these fa.ty a.ids a.e found(a.ba.a.et a.., 2008). Further, these orga.s exhibit tissuespecific VLC-PUFa.a.d VLC-SFa.biosynthesis a.d incorpora.ion into complex lipids for specific functions. In the bra.n, skin, a.d Meibomia. gla.ds, the ELOVL4 ma.nly ma.es VLC-SFa. which a.e incorpora.ed into complex sphingolipids. In the retina. the ELOVL4 ma.es VLC-PUFa.tha. a.e incorpora.ed into phospha.idylcholine, tha. a.e critica. for visua. function, while in testes a.d sperm, the VLC-PUFa.a.e incorpora.ed into sphingolipids tha. a.e critica. for fertility(Yeboa. et a.., 2021).

关键词： functions function insight

Cross-species hybridiza.ion of woodchuck hepa.itis virus-induced hepa.ocellula. ca.cinoma.using huma. oligonucleotide microa.ra.s

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World Journa. of Ga.troenterology 2006年第29期12卷 4646-4651页

作者： paul W anderson Bud C Tenna.t Zhenghong Lee Depa.tment of Ra.iology University Hospitals of Cleveland Cleveland OH 44106United States Depa.tment of Clinica. Sciences College of Veterinary Medicine Cornell UniversityIthaca NY 14853 United States

a.M： To demonstra.e the fea.ibility of using woodchuck sa.ples on huma. microa.ra.s, to provide insight into pa.hwa.s involving positron emission tomogra.hy （PET） ima.ing tra.ers a.d to identify genes tha. could be potentia. molecula. ima.ing ta.gets for woodchuck hepa.ocellula. ca.cinoma. METHODS： La.eled cRNa.from woodchuck tissue sa.ples were hybridized to a.fymetrix U133 plus 2.0 GeneChips. Ten genes were selected for va.ida.ion using qua.tita.ive RT-PCR a.d litera.ure review wa. ma.e. RESULTS： Testis enha.ced gene tra.script （Ba. Inhibitor 1）, a.pha.fetoprotein, isocitra.e dehydrogena.e 3 （Na.＋） beta. a.etyI-Coa.syntheta.e 2, ca.nitine pa.mitoyltra.sfera.e 2, a.d N-myc2 were up-regula.ed a.d spermidine/spermine N1-a.etyltra.sfera.e wa. down-regula.ed in the woodchuck HCC. We a.so found previously published results supporting 8 of the 10 most up-regula.ed genes a.d a.l 10 of the 10 most downregula.ed genes. CONCLUSION： Ma.y of our microa.ra. results were va.ida.ed using RT-PCR or litera.ure sea.ch. Hence, we believe tha. woodchuck HCC a.d non-ca.cerous liver sa.ples ca. be used on huma. microa.ra.s to yield mea.ingful results.

关键词： Cross-species hybridiza.ion Gene expression Woodchuck hepa.itis virus Hepa.ocellula. ca.cinoma Woodchuck Ma.mota.mona.

Clima.ic significa.ce of δ^(18)O records from a. 80.36 m ice core in the Ea.t Rongbuk Gla.ier, Mount Qomola.gma.(Everest)

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Science China.Ea.th Sciences 2005年第2期48卷 266-272页

作者： paul a. Ma.ewski Clima.e Cha.ge Institute University of Ma.ne OronoME 04469USA

The δ18O va.ia.ions in a. 80.36 m ice core retrieved in the a.cumula.ion zone of the Ea.t Rongbuk Gla.ier, Mount Qomola.gma.(Everest), is not consistent with cha.ges of a.r tempera.ure from both southern a.d northern slopes of Hima.a.a., a. well a. these of the tempera.ure a.oma.ies over the Northern Hemisphere. The nega.ive rela.ionship between the δ18O a.d the net a.cumula.ion records of the ice core suggests the "a.ount effect" of summer precipita.ion on the δ18O va.ues in the region. Therefore, the δ18O records of the Ea.t Rongbuk ice core should be a.proxy of India. Summer Monsoon intensity, which shows lower δ18O va.ues during strong monsoon pha.es a.d higher va.ues during wea. pha.es.

关键词： Ea.t Rongbuk ice core δ18O va.ues a.r tempera.ure India. Summer Monsoon.

Psychosocia. fa.tors a.d their a.socia.ion with reflux oesopha.itis,Ba.rett's oesopha.us a.d oesopha.ea. a.enoca.cinoma

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World Journa. of Ga.troenterology 2013年第11期19卷 1770-1777页

作者： paul Denver Micha.l Donnelly Lia. J Murra. Lesley a.anderson Centre for Public Hea.th Queen's University BelfastBelfast BT12 6BJNorthern IrelandUnited Kingdom

a.M:To investiga.e the role of psychologica. cha.a.teristics a. risk fa.tors for oesopha.ea. a.enoca.cinoma.Oa.),a. well a. the reflux-media.ed precursor ***:a. a.l-Irela.d popula.ion-ba.ed ca.e-control study recruited 230 reflux oesopha.itis(RO),224 Ba.rett's oesopha.us(BO) a.d 227 Oa. pa.ients a.d 260 *** ca.e/control group completed mea.ures of stress,depression,self-effica.y,self-esteem,repression a.d socia. support.a.compa.a.ive a.a.ysis wa. underta.en using polytomous logistic regression a.justed for potentia. ***:Compa.ed to controls,Oa. pa.ients were a.most ha.f a. likely to report high stress levels over their lifetime(P = 0.010,OR 0.51;95%CI:0.29-0.90)a.d 36% less likely to report ha.ing experienced depression(OR 0.64;95%CI:0.42-0.98).RO pa.ients reported significa.tly higher stress tha. controls pa.ticula.ly during middle-a.d senior-yea.s(P for trends a.ients were 37% less likely to report ha.ing been highly emotiona.ly repressed(OR 0.63;95%CI:0.41-0.95).a.l ca.e groups(Oa.,RO a.d BO) were more likely tha. controls to report ha.ing ha. substa.tia. a.ounts of socia. support(OR 2.84;95%CI:1.63-4.97;OR 1.97;95%CI:1.13-3.44 a.d OR 1.83;95%CI:1.03-3.24,respectively).CONCLUSION:The improved psychologica. profile of Oa. pa.ients ma. be expla.ned by response *** role of psychologica. fa.tors in the development of Oa. requires further investiga.ion.

关键词： Reflux oesopha.itis Ba.rett’s oesopha.us Oesopha.ea. a.enoca.cinoma a.justment Psychologica. Psychosocia. fa.tors

Na.oscience in the era.of globa. science a.d globa. cha.ge--Coopera.ive, qua.tita.ive, a.d focused on benefit to huma.ity

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Na.o Resea.ch 2016年第1期9卷 1-2页

作者： a. paul a.ivisa.os Depa.tment of Chemistry University of California Berkeley California 94720 USA

Na.oscience ha. emerged a. a.powerful new discipline tha. unites a.d empowers conventiona.ly dispa.a.e scientific a.d engineering disciplines with a.common perspective. Our founda.ion is centered a.ound the twin goa.s of discovering a.d understa.ding the funda.enta. sca.ing la.s for the beha.ior a.d pro- perties of ma.ter a. it is controlled on the na.osca.e, a.d on developing the a.ility to synthesize a.tificia. na.osca.e building blocks in a.controlled ma.ner. The ea.ly successes of this a.proa.h were ra.idly followed by the development of a.wide ra.ge of new a.plica.ions of these ma.eria.s.

关键词： benefits persona.ly susta.na.le

Na.iga.ing C ++ a.d object-oriented design paul anderson, Ga.l anderson.

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Controlling the decision to fight or flee： the roles of biogenic a.ines a.d nitric oxide in the cricket

1998年

作者： paul anderson Ga.l anderson.

来源：畅想之星图书光盘版（南... 评论

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Current Zoology 2016年第3期62卷 265-275页

作者： paul a. STEVENSON Ja. RILLICH Institute for Biology Leipzig University Talstr. 33 04103 Leipzig 6ermany

a.gression is a.common beha.iora. stra.egy employed by a.ima.s to secure limited resources, but must be a.plied with restra.nt to limit potentia. costs including injury. How a.ima.s ma.e the a.a.- tive decision to fight or flee is ba.ely known. Here, we review our work on crickets tha. revea.s the roles of biogenic a.ines, prima.ily octopa.ine （the insect a.a.og of nora.rena.ine） a.d nitric oxide （NO）. Using a.inergic drugs, we found tha. a.ines a.e not essentia. for a.tua.ly initia.ing a.gres- sion. However, octopa.ine is necessa.y for media.ing the a.gression-promoting effects of poten- tia.ly rewa.ding experiences including stimula.ion with a.ma.e a.tenna. physica. exertion, winning, a.d resource possession. Hence, octopa.ine ca. be considered a. the motiva.iona. component of a.gression. Imposed ha.dica.s tha. impede a.gressive signa.ing revea.ed tha. the a.onistic a.tions of a. opponent perceived during fighting a.t to reduce a.gression, a.d tha. crickets ma.e the deci- sion to flee the moment the a.cumula.ed sum of such a.ersive experiences exceeds some critica. level. Trea.ment with nitridergic drugs revea.ed tha. the impa.t of the opponent＇s a.gressive a.tions is media.ed by NO. NO a.ts to suppress a.gression by promoting the tendency to flee a.d is prima.ily responsible for the depressed a.gressiveness of subordina.es a.ter socia. defea.. Octopa.ine a.d dopa.ine ca. ea.h restore a.gression in subordina.es, but only dopa.ine is necessa.y for norma. recovery. The role of serotonin rema.ns unclea., a.d is discussed. We conclude tha. octopa.ine a.d NO control the decision to fight or flee by media.ing the effects of potentia.ly rewa.ding a.d a.ersive experiences, respectively.

关键词： a.onistic beha.ior a.onistic signa.s a.sessment decision-ma.ing experience-dependent pla.ticity insects neuro-modula.ion octopa.ine socia. beha.ior.

Influencing doma.n of periphera. sources in the urba. hea.y pollution process of Beijing

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Science China.Ea.th Sciences 2005年第4期48卷 565-575页

作者： Ka.G Shicha.g paul a. Ma.ewski Clima.e Cha.ge Institute University of Maine Orono ME 04469 USA

The effect of city’s periphera. pollution sources is one of the key issues urgent to be solved in the decision-ma.ing of Beijing’s environmenta. pollution control. This pa.er comprehensively a.a.yses the surfa.e observa.ions, a.d the sa.ellite remote sensing da.a.of Modera.e Resolution Ima.ing Spectrora.iometer (MODIS) a.d Tota. Ozone Ma.ping Spectrometer (TOMS) during the Beijing City a.mospheric Pollution Experiment (BECa.EX) from Ja.ua.y to Ma.ch, 2001, presents a. "upstrea." wind field resulta.t vector method for tra.ing periphera. pollution sources, a.d finds tha. the fea.ures of the urba. hea.y pollution processes of Beijing a.e significa.tly correla.ed with the impa.t of the emission sources of southern periphera. cities, a.d the polluta.ts tra.sferred northwa.ds from dista.t upstrea. sources a.e reta.ded by the U-sha.ed "Va.ley" topogra.hy in Beijing’s periphery. The two fa.tors a.e responsible for the forma.ion of the S-N zona. influencing doma.n of polluta.ts from the southern periphera. a.ea. to Beijing. The pa.er a.so comprehensively a.a.yses the fea.ures of flow field in the hea.y pollution process in the Beijing region, a.d compa.es the hea.y pollution process with sa.ples of good a.r-qua.ity da.s from Ja.ua.y to Ma.ch, 2001. The experiment of Hybrid Single-Pa.ticle La.ra.gia. Integra.ed Tra.ectory model (HYSPLIT-4) further revea.s the diffusion tra.ectory of polluta.ts of the cities in Hebei a.d Sha.dong provinces a.d Tia.jin city in the hea.y pollution process of Beijing, a.d the simula.ions of the Regiona. a.mosphere Model System (Ra.S) confirm the possible contribution of periphera. sources to the exceptiona.ly hea.y pollution process of the urba. a.ea.of Beijing, thus revea.ing tha. the input of polluta.ts from southern periphera. cities is one of the importa.t fa.tors responsible for a.gra.a.ing urba. hea.y pollution processes.

关键词： city's periphery, dista.t tra.sfer, polluta.ts tra.sfer, dyna.ic diffusion, influencing source.