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海岸湿地在飓风防护中的价值

AMBIO－人类环境杂志 2008年第4期37卷 229-236页

作者： Robert Costanza Octavio Pérez-Maqueo M. Luisa Martinez paul sutton Sharolyn J. Anderson Kenneth Mulder 唐晓宇（译）王书磊（校）张晓琴（校） Gund生态经济研究所 Instituto de Ecologla A．C． km 2．5 antigua carretera a Coatepecno351Congregaci ón El HayaXalapaVer．91070、México Department of Geography University of DenverDenverCO80208USA 格林高山大学不详

海岸湿地可以减少飓风对沿海群落的破坏作用。把1980年以来美国34次主要飓风在其袭击区所造成的单位国民生产总值损失的自然对数值作为因变量,风速和飓风袭击区湿地面积的自然对数值作为自变量,回归模型显示两者之间的差异极显著,说明... 详细信息

海岸湿地可以减少飓风对沿海群落的破坏作用。把1980年以来美国34次主要飓风在其袭击区所造成的单位国民生产总值损失的自然对数值作为因变量,风速和飓风袭击区湿地面积的自然对数值作为自变量,回归模型显示两者之间的差异极显著,说明了其相对损失的差别的60%。在上述模型中,每减少1 hm^2的湿地面积,来自特定风暴造成的风暴损害将平均增加33 000美元的损失(中值5000美元)。利用这个关系,把各年度不同强度飓风发生的概率考虑在内,我们以1km×1km为像素,以州为单元将湿地的年度价值绘制成图,湿地年度价值的变化范围为250～51 000美元/hm^2·a,平均价值为8240美元/hm^2·a(中值3230美元/hm^2·a),这显著高于以前估算的湿地价值。据估算,美国的海岸湿地目前能够提供的保护作用相当于232亿美元/a。在风暴防护中,海岸湿地是一种有价值的、能够自我维持的"水平堤防",并且能够提供垂直堤防所不能提供的许多其他的生态系统功能。对于人类社会来说,对沿海湿地的修复与维护是一种极其划算的战略性投资。

关键词：海岸湿地平均价值飓风防护国民生产总值生态系统功能湿地面积模型显示

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FPGA设计视时序为一切

中国电子商情 2014年第12期 43-46页

作者： Angela sutton paul Owens Synopsys公司FPGA产品部 Synopsys公司

当FPGA设计无法满足时序性能目标时,其原因可能并不明显。解决方案不仅取决于FPGA实现工具为满足时序要求而优化设计的能力,还取决于设计人员指定前方目标,诊断并隔离下游时序问题的能力。目前,设计人员掌握了一些使用技巧,可以帮助您... 详细信息

当FPGA设计无法满足时序性能目标时,其原因可能并不明显。解决方案不仅取决于FPGA实现工具为满足时序要求而优化设计的能力,还取决于设计人员指定前方目标,诊断并隔离下游时序问题的能力。目前,设计人员掌握了一些使用技巧,可以帮助您设置时钟。通过Synopsys Synplify Premier等工具正确设置时序约束,然后调整参数,以满足赛灵思FPGA设计的性能目标。

关键词：性能目标 Premier 时序性 Synopsys 赛灵思综合工具时序要求时钟树综合软件有

Bacterial Transfer to Cups and Water by Drinking

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Food and Nutrition Sciences 2018年第12期9卷 1386-1390页

作者： paul Dawson Hayley Thorson Kelly Hooton Justin Runey David Hughes Sally Foster Melissa Roskosky sutton Fain-Swartz Danielle Lynn Inyee Han Food Nutrition and Packaging Sciences Department Clemson University Clemson SC USA

Bacterial transfer is a concern when sharing food and drink, so to address this concern, this study examined the bacterial transfer onto and into plastic drinking cups. Two experiments were performed to: 1) test bacterial transfer to the rim of a plastic drinking cup, and 2) test residual bacteria in the liquid that was consumed from the cup. Bacteria were enumerated from the cup rim and the water in the cup. The results for both types of transfer showed higher bacterial populations on cups exposed to drinking compared to those where no drinking occurred. However, there was more bacterial transfer to the rim of the plastic cup than the liquid inside the cup.

关键词： Drinking from Cups Bacterial Transfer

Black Holes and the Nature of the Expansion of the Universe

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Journal of Modern Physics 2016年第9期7卷 908-910页

作者： paul Smeulders The Nursery Sutton Courtenay UK

Black Holes absorb matter and because matter has structure in space and time, Black Holes absorb the grid points of space and time. It is this property that creates a void for the remaining visible space-time to expand into. This expansion is roughly proportional to the density of the black holes in space and this, because also time is expanding, leads to an apparent exponential expansion for the observer, who is unaware of this. Further the Quantum Mechanical effects: the Heisenberg uncertainty principle and the Tunnelling of particles lead to a flow of matter from the present time into the past. The red-shift is thus not just a sign of an expanding universe but also (and perhaps all of it) that of matter hurling down into the black holes.

关键词： Expansion of Universe Black Holes Speed of Light Big Bang

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吾王万岁万万岁

汽车测试报告 2013年第5期 150-155页

作者： Jason Barlow Manufacturers(图) Lee Brimble(图) Joe Windsor-Williams(图) paul Debois(图) Justin Leighton(图) sutton Images(图) Tony(译)

“与其默然而逝，不若燎尽我生。”如今人们惯称WRX STI的斯巴鲁冀豹STi毕命之日自当挟着漫天胎烟、离合器焦臭和增压啸声从容就义。事实却刚好相反，它宁可踏上默然而逝的末路。斯巴鲁英国分舵去年圣诞前夕悄悄宣布存货售罄后不再进口... 详细信息

“与其默然而逝，不若燎尽我生。”如今人们惯称WRX STI的斯巴鲁冀豹STi毕命之日自当挟着漫天胎烟、离合器焦臭和增压啸声从容就义。事实却刚好相反，它宁可踏上默然而逝的末路。斯巴鲁英国分舵去年圣诞前夕悄悄宣布存货售罄后不再进口此车时，阁下也许不以为然。不过就算在玛雅末日预言甚嚣尘上的一年后，这样的丑闻亦未免太过轰动了。

关键词：斯巴鲁 WRX STi STI 离合器舵

Why the Expansion of the Universe Appears to Accelerate

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Journal of Modern Physics 2013年第6期4卷 780-783页

作者： paul Smeulders 3 The Nursery Sutton Courtenay OX14 4UA UK

A Speed of Light falling over time inversely proportional to the expansion of the Universe leads to an experimentally observed exponential changing of the Red Shift over time. It is necessary to re-define the Angular Impulse Momentum in order to get a consistent expansion of space on all levels. Conservation of Energy and this newly defined Angular Impulse Momentum then leads to the requirement that all clocks slow down in time inversely proportional to the Red Shift, independent of whether the Speed of Light is constant or not. From the Lorentz equation it then follows that Expansion occurs over space-time and not over space alone. A steady state expansion in true time is then transformed into an exponential expansion for an observer with a local clock. A finite lifetime of the Universe is transformed to an infinite lifetime for these observers including elementary particles.

关键词： Acceleration of Expansion Expansion of Space-Time Exponential Expansion Conservation Laws Dark Energy

Why the Speed of Light Is Not a Constant

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Journal of Modern Physics 2012年第4期3卷 345-349页

作者： paul Smeulders sutton Courtenay UK

A variable Speed of Light is supported by the fact that all direct measurements of that speed are basically flawed, because the “meter per second” is proportional to the Speed of Light. Since it is impossible to measure the Speed of Light directly, any variations of it can only be obtained in an indirect way. It will be shown that the recent Supernovae data are in very good agreement with a universe that is slowly expanding exponentially with a Speed of Light that falls over time, inversely proportionally to the expansion of the universe. It will be shown that the definition of the angular and standard impulse momentum has to be modified to get a consistent expansion of the universe. And that all clocks run inversely proportionally to the red-shift z + 1. General Relativity remains valid even with a varying Speed of Light and also Quantum Mechanics is unaffected.

关键词： Variable Speed of Light Expansion of Universe Conservation of Energy and Angular Impulse Momentum Supernovae

Establishment of Withania somnifera Hairy Root Cultures for the Production of Withanolide A

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Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2008年第8期50卷 975-981页

作者： Hosakatte N. Murthy Camelia Dijkstra paul Anthony Daniel A. White Mike R. Davey J. Brian Power Eun J. Hahn Kee Y. Paek Plant Sciences Division School of Biosciences University of Nottingham Sutton Bonington Campus Loughborough LE12 5RD UK Department of Botany Karnatak University Dharwad 580 003 India Research Center for the Development of Advanced Horticultural Technology Chungbuk National University Cheongju 361-763 Korea Department of Botany Karnatak University Dharwad 580 003 India Food Sciences Division School of Biosciences University of Nottingham Sutton Bonington Campus Loughborough LE12 5RD UK Research Center for the Development of Advanced Horticultural Technology Chungbuk National University Cheongju 361-763 Korea

Withania sominifera （Indian ginseng） was transformed by Agrobacterium rhizogenes. Explants from seedling roots, stems, hypocotyls, cotyledonary nodal segments, cotyledons and young leaves were inoculated with A. rhizogenes strain R1601. Hairy （transformed） roots were induced from cotyledons and leaf explants. The transgenic status of hairy roots was confirmed by polymerase chain reaction using nptll and rolB specific primers and, subsequently, by Southern analysis for the presence of nptll and rolB genes in the genomes of transformed roots. Four clones of hairy roots were established; these differed in their morphology. The doubling time of faster growing cultures was 8-14 d with a fivefold increase in biomass after 28 d compared with cultured, non-transformed seedling roots. MS-based liquid medium was superior for the growth of transformed roots compared with other culture media evaluated （SH, LS and N6）, with MS-based medium supplemented with 40 g/L sucrose being optimal for biomass production. Cultured hairy roots synthesized withanolide A, a steroidal lactone of medicinal and therapeutic value. The concentration of withanolide A in transformed roots （157.4 μg/g dry weight） was 2.7-fold more than in non-transformed cultured roots （57.9 μg/g dry weight）.

关键词： Agrobacterium rhizogenes hairy (transformed) roots Indian ginseng transformation withanolide A

Biochar application to temperate grasslands:challenges and opportunities for delivering multiple ecosystem services

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Biochar 2023年第1期5卷 574-584页

作者： Robert W.Brown David R.Chadwick Tom Bott Helen M.West paul Wilson Genevieve R.Hodgins Colin E.Snape Davey L.Jones School of Natural Sciences Bangor UniversityBangorLL572UWGwyneddUK School of Biosciences University of NottinghamSutton BoningtonLoughboroughLE125RDUK Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering University of NottinghamJubilee CampusNottinghamNG72TUUK Centre for Sustainable Farming Systems Food Futures InstituteSoilsWestMurdoch UniversityMurdochWA6150Australia

Grasslands(natural,semi-natural and improved)occupy approximately one-third of the terrestrial biosphere and are key for global ecosystem service provision,storing up to 30%of soil organic carbon(SOC).To date,most research on soil carbon(C)sequestration has focused on croplands where the levels of native soil organic matter(SOM)are typically low and significant potential exists to replenish SOM ***,with the renewed push to achieve“net zero”C emissions by 2050,grasslands may offer an additional C store,utilising tools such as ***,we critically evaluate the potential for biochar as a technology for increasing grassland C stocks,identifying a number of practical,economic,social and legislative challenges that need to be addressed before the widescale adoption of biochar may be *** critically assess the current knowledge within the field of grassland biochar research in the context of ecosystem service provision and provide opinions on the applicability of biochar as an amendment to different types of grassland(improved,semi-improved and unimproved)and the potential effect on ecosystem provision using a range of application techniques in the topsoil and *** concluded that the key question remains,is it possible for managed grasslands to store more C,without causing a loss in additional ecosystem services?To address this question future research must take a more multidisciplinary and holistic approach when evaluating the potential role of biochar at sequestering C in grasslands to mitigate climate change.

关键词： Pastureland Carbon storage Greenhouse gas emissions Offsetting