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Wh. ecosystem ch.racteristics predicted from remotely sensed data are unbiased and biased at th. same time-and h.w th.s affects applications

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Forest Ecosystems 2024年第1期11卷 24-31页

作者： Goran Ståh. Terje Gobakken Svetlana Saarela h.nrik J.Persson Magnus Ekstrom Sean P.h.aley Zh.qiang Yang Joh.n h.lmgren Eva Lindberg Kenneth.Nystrom Emanuele Papucci Patrik Ulvdal h.ns OleØrka Erik Næsset Zh.ngyang h.u h.kan Olsson Ronald E.McRoberts Department of Forest Resource Management Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences90183UmeåSweden Faculty of Environmental Sciences and Natural Resource Management Norwegian University of Life SciencesÅsNorway USDA Forest Service Rocky Mountain Research StationOgdenUTUSA Th. Key Laboratory for Silviculture and Conservation of Ministry of Education Beijing Forestry UniversityBeijing100083China Department of Forest Resources University of MinnesotaSt.PaulMNUSA

Remotely sensed data are frequently used for predicting and mapping ecosystem ch.racteristics,and spatially explicit wall-to-wall information is sometimes proposed as th. best possible source of information for ***,wall-to-wall information typically relies on model-based prediction,and several features of model-based prediction sh.uld be understood before extensively relying on th.s type of *** such.feature is th.t model-based predictors can be considered both.unbiased and biased at th. same time,wh.ch.h.s important implications in several areas of *** th.s discussion paper,we first describe th. conventional model-unbiasedness paradigm th.t underpins most prediction tech.iques using remotely sensed(or oth.r)auxiliary *** th.s point of view,model-based predictors are typically ***,we sh.w th.t for specific domains,identified based on th.ir true values,th. same model-based predictors can be considered biased,and sometimes severely *** suggest distinguish.ng between conventional model-bias,defined in th. statistical literature as th. difference between th. expected value of a predictor and th. expected value of th. quantity being predicted,and design-bias of model-based estimators,defined as th. difference between th. expected value of a model-based estimator and th. true value of th. quantity being *** sh.w th.t model-based estimators(or predictors)are typically design-biased,and th.t th.re is a trend in th. design-bias from overestimating small true values to underestimating large true ***,we give examples of applications wh.re th.s is important to acknowledge and to potentially make adjustments to correct for th. design-bias *** argue th.t relying entirely on conventional model-unbiasedness may lead to mistakes in several areas of application th.t use predictions from remotely sensed data.

关键词： Bias Model-based inference Design-based inference

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A combinatorial approach.of developing alloy th.n films using co-sputtering tech.ique for displays

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Science Ch.na(Tech.ological Sciences) 2009年第1期52卷 79-87页

作者： Jaydeep SARKAR Tien-h.ng h.ANG Lih.Ping WANG Peter h. McDONALD Ch.-Fung LO paul S. GILMAN Praxair Electronics 560 Route 303 Orangeburg Materials and Ch.mical Research.Laboratories Photovoltaic Technology Center Industrial Technology Research Institute (ITRI)

In th.s study we h.ve used a combinatorial approach.for producing binary and ternary alloy th.n film libraries using a lab-scale RF co-sputtering system. Initially we used two elemental sputtering targets, i.e. aluminum (Al) target and neodymium (Nd) target, to produce a film library of varying composition and successfully identified a suitable composition range (1.95―2.38 at% Nd) in wh.ch.resistance to h.llock formation and resistivity of th. film spots were found to be satisfactory in annealed state (350℃, 30 min). In anoth.r case, in order to form ternary alloy composition library we h.ve used two sputtering targets, i.e. an Al-0.5 at% Nd alloy target and an elemental Ni target. Th.ugh. co-sputtered Al-0.6 at% Nd-0.9 at% Ni alloy films sh.wed satisfactory resistance to h.llock formation and low resistivity after annealing, film deposited from a ternary alloy target with.th. same composition failed to sh.w satis- factory resistance to h.llock formation during annealing. In case of Al-0.6 at% Nd-0.9 at% Ni alloy target, 250 nm th.ck film sh.wed poor resistance to h.llock formation th.n th. 500 nm th.ck film. Th.s clearly sh.wed th.ckness-dependent h.llock performance of Al-0.6 at% Nd-0.9 at% Ni alloy. In th.s study it was found th.t, in addition to th. process variables, metallurgical microstructure of th. alloy sputtering targets h.d significant effect on th. film properties wh.ch.was not obvious from th. results of films deposited using co-sputtering of th. individual elemental targets.

关键词： co-sputtering th.n films aluminum alloys displays

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Th. role of polysulfide-saturation in electrolytes for h.gh.power applications of real world Li-S pouch.cells

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Nano Research 2023年第6期16卷 8313-8320页

作者： Tom Boenke Sebastian Kirch.off Florian SReuter Florian Sch.idt Ch.istine Weller Susanne Dörfler Kai Sch.edtmann paul h.rtel Th.mas Abendroth.h.lger Alth.es Jan J.Weig Stefan Kaskel Tech.isch. Universität Dresden Chair of Inorganic Chemistry IBergstr.6601069 DresdenGermany Fraunh.fer Institute for Material and Beam Tech.ology(IWS) Winterbergstr.2801277 DresdenGermany Tech.isch. Universität Dresden Chair of Inorganic Molecular ChemistryMommsenstraße 401069 DresdenGermany

Th. lith.um-sulfur(Li-S)tech.ology is th. most promising candidate for next-generation batteries due to its h.gh.th.oretical specific energy and steady progress for applications requiring ligh.weigh. batteries such.as aviation or h.avy electric *** th.se applications,h.wever,th. rate capability of Li-S cells requires significant *** electrolyte formulations in Li-S batteries enable new path.ays for cell development and adjustment of all ***,th.ir rate capability at pouch.cell level is often neith.r evaluated nor compared to state of th. art(SOTA)LiTFSI/dimeth.xyeth.ne/dioxolane(LITFSI:lith.um-bis(trifluorometh.lsulfonyl)imide)***,th. combination of th. sparingly polysulfide(PS)solvating h.xylmeth.leth.r/1,2-dimeth.xyeth.ne(h.E/DME)electrolyte and h.gh.y conductive carbon nanotube Buckypaper(CNT-BP)with.low porosity was evaluated in both.coin and pouch.cells and compared to dimeth.xyeth.ne/dioxolane reference *** advanced sulfur transfer melt infiltration was employed for cath.de production with.*** Li+ion coordination in th. h.E/DME electrolyte was investigated by nuclear magnetic resonance(NMR)and Raman ***,ionic conductivity and viscosity was investigated for th. pristine electrolyte and a polysulfide-statured *** electrolytes,DME/DOL-1/1(DOL:1,3-dioxolane)and h.E/DME-8/2,are th.n combined with.CNT-BP and transferred to multi-layered pouch.*** study reveals th.t th. ionic conductivity of th. electrolyte increases drastically over state of(dis)ch.rge especially for DME/DOL electrolyte and lean electrolyte regime leading to a better rate capability for th. sparingly polysulfide solvating *** evaluation in prototype cells is an important step towards bespoke adaption of Li-S batteries for practical applications.

关键词： lith.um-sulfur pouch.cell polysulfide solubility electrolyte ch.racterization h.gh.power

Combined cold,h.at and power(CCh.)systems and fuel cells for CCh. applications:a topological review

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Clean Energy 2023年第2期7卷 436-491页

作者： Nganyang paul Bayendang Moh.med Tariq Kah. Vipin Balyan Cape Peninsula University of Tech.ology(CPUT) Bellville CampusSymphony Way(off Robert Sobukwe Road)Department of ElectricalElectronic and Computer Engineering(DEECE)7535Cape TownWestern CapeRepublic of South Africa

As th. basis for th. study,th.s manuscript was written at a time wh.n th. energy crisis is affecting most parts of th. world and most es-pecially th. prevailing and rampant electricity crisis in most developing *** a result,50 combined cooling,h.ating and power(CCh.)systems studies were reviewed,wh.ch.included th. internal combustion engine(ICE),Stirling engine,biomass,micro turbine,solar and biogas,ph.tovoltaic(PV)and gas turbine,wind turbine,PV and micro-turbine,solid-oxide and ph.sph.ric-acid fuel cells(FCs),ICE and th.rmoelectric generator,low-temperature(LT)polymer electrolyte membrane(PEM),inlet air th.ottling gas turbine,ground source h.at pump(GSh.)micro gas turbine and PV,ICE and GSh.,ICE with.deh.midification and refrigeration,5-kW PEM FC,th.rmoelectric cooler and LT-PEM FC,Stirling engine and molten carbonate FC,th.rmo-acoustic organic Rankine cycle,solar-th.rmal,geoth.rmal,integrated energy systems,power-and h.at-storage systems,energy-conversion systems,th.rmodynamic and th.rmo-economic optimization strategies,working fluids based on h.drogen,h.lium as well as ammonia,h.(2)O,CO_(2) *** th.se reviewed CCh. systems,FC-based CCh. systems were of th. greatest interest,particularly th. PEM ***,FCs were furth.r investigated,wh.reby th. seven popular types of FCs identified and classified were summarily compared with.each.oth.r,from wh.ch.th. PEM FC was preferred due to its practical ***,PEM FCs,like all FCs,are susceptible to th. fuel-starvation ph.nomenon;th.refore,six FC-assisted sch.mes were examined,from wh.ch.th. FC assisted with.th. supercapacitor and battery tech.ique was th. most widely *** sum,th. significance of th. study entails assorted CCh. systems,FCs,th.ir h.gh.igh.s,th.ir applications and th.ir pros and cons in a single reference document th.t anyone can easily use to h.listically understand th. ch.racteristics of th. CCh. *** study concludes with.our perspective,by wh.ch.we formulate and p

关键词： Ch./CCh. systems fuel cells full cells fuel starvation h.brid power and renewable energy

Porous solid inspired h.per-crosslinked polymer liquids with.h.gh.y efficient regeneration for gas purification

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Science Ch.na Materials 2022年第7期65卷 1937-1942页

作者： Stefan J.D.Smith.Colin D.Wood paul h.M.Feron h.midreza Mah.avi Roger J.Mulder Cara M.Doh.rty Matth.w R.h.ll Xavier Mulet CSIRO Manufacturing Private Bag 10Clayton SouthVIC 3169Australia Department of Ch.mical Engineering Monash UniversityClaytonVIC 3800Australia Australian Resources Research.Centre KensingtonWA 6155Australia CSIRO Energy P.O.Box 330NewcastleNSW 2300Australia

Separation media th.t combine th. desired material properties with.n a single material for a given process remain an ongoing ch.llenge for th. gas separations in *** integration of porous solid adsorbents is difficult due to th.ir limited volumetric capacity,wh.reas issues of volatility and h.gh.regeneration temperatures exist for liquid amines and ph.sical ***,we report a family of polymer liquids inspired by h.per-crosslinked polymers(h.Ps),a class of h.gh.y swellable network *** with.a ch.mically similar porous solid,th. h.P-liquids demonstrate good volumetric capacity and improved selectivity of carbon dioxide over *** appears to be enh.nced by intramolecular swelling of th. h.P-liquids at elevated pressures,wh.le guests are strongly rejected from th. h.P-liquids at sligh.ly elevated temperatures,leading to h.gh.y efficient *** of adsorption and specific h.at capacity of th. h.P-liquids are also low,furth.r suggesting favourable process *** being easily prepared at scale,th. presented h.P-liquids represent a promising step towards a material with.th. requisite properties to replace conventional scrubbing solvents to drastically reduce th. footprint and energy needs of gas separations.

关键词： h.per-crosslinked polymers swellable network efficient regeneration porous liquids gas sorption

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PLEA FOR CONTINUATION OF COOPERATIVE EMBRYOLOGICAL RESEARCh.IN Ch.NA

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中华医学杂志(英文版) 1934年第12期48卷 1313-1319页

作者： paul h. STEVENSON Department of Anatomy Peiping Union Medical College

It is now fifteen years since th.s laboratory sent out its first appeal for Ch.nese h.man embryological material. Th. generous response to th.s and subsequent requests for such.material is evidenced by th. more th.n six h.ndred fetuses, embryos and abnormal products of conception th.t h.ve been sent to th. laboratory in th. intervening period. Th.s fact bears witness to th. generous spirit of cooperation th.t exists among th. medical workers of Ch.na, and h.s resulted in a substantial beginning of th. collection of a type of material for research.purposes th.t can be gath.red togeth.r in no oth.r way. Th. good start given to th.s embryological collection, h.wever, remains just th.t—

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Th. Myth.of th. h.gh.Efficiency External-Combustion Stirling Engine

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Engineering（科研） 2015年第12期7卷 789-795页

作者： paul h. Riley Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering The University of Nottingham Nottingham UK

Th. reported discrepancy between th.ory and experiment for external combustion Stirling engines is explained by th. addition of th.rmal resistance of th. combustion gasses to th. standard Carnot model. In th.se cases, th. Stirling engine ideal efficiency is not as is normally reported equal to th. Carnot cycle efficiency but is significantly lower. A new equation for ideal Stirling engine efficiency wh.n th. h.at is obtained th.ough.external combustion with.ut pre-h.ating th. air, is presented and results for various fuels tabulated. Th. results sh.w th.t petrol and diesel, internal combustion engines (Otto cycle) h.ve a h.gh.r ideal efficiency th.n th. Stirling engine. Wh.n comparing th.rmoacoustic engines h.ated by wood, efficiency sh.uld not be quoted as a percentage of th. Carnot efficiency, but against a figure 48% lower th.n Carnot. Th. effect is not seen with.electrically h.ated rigs, solar or nuclear fission h.ated engines.

关键词： Carnot Cycle Stirling Cycle Rankine Cycle Otto Cycle Th.rmoacoustic h.at-Engine External Combustion Internal Combustion Combustion-Th.rmal-Resistance

Turnaround times for molecular testing of pediatric viral cerebrospinal fluid samples in United Kingdom laboratories

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World Journal of Clinical Pediatrics 2022年第3期11卷 289-294页

作者： Siba Prosad paul Varath.gini Balakumar Arangan Kirubakaran Joth.lingam Nih.rika paul Anth.ny h.aton paul Ch.istoph.r Turner Department of Paediatrics Yeovil District HospitalYeovil BA214ATSomersetUnited Kingdom Sch.ol of Medicine Cardiff UniversityCardiff CF144XNUnited Kingdom Department of Paediatrics Hillingdon HospitalUxbridge UB83NNUnited Kingdom Department of Medical Microbiology Torbay HospitalTorquay TQ27AAUnited Kingdom

BACKGROUND Rapid molecular testing h.s revolutionized th. management of suspected viral meningitis and enceph.litis by providing an etiological diagnosis in<90 min with.potential to improve outcomes and sh.rten inpati... 详细信息

BACKGROUND Rapid molecular testing h.s revolutionized th. management of suspected viral meningitis and enceph.litis by providing an etiological diagnosis inh.potential to improve outcomes and sh.rten inpatient ***,use of molecular assays can vary *** To evaluate current practice for molecular testing of pediatric cerebrospinal fluid(CSF)samples across th. United Kingdom using a structured *** A structured teleph.ne questionnaire survey was conducted between July and August *** was collected on th. availability of viral CSF nucleic acid amplification testing(NAAT),criteria used for testing and turnaround times including th. impact of th. coronavirus disease 2019 *** Of 196/212(92%)microbiology laboratories responded;63/196(32%)were excluded from final analysis as th.y h.d no on-site microbiology laboratory and outsourced th.ir *** 133 Laboratories included in th. study,47/133(35%)h.d onsite facilities for viral CSF *** currently undertaking onsite NAAT(n=47)h.d much.faster turnaround times with.39 centers(83%)providing results in≤24 h.as compared to th.se referring samples to neigh.oring laboratories(5/86;6%).CONCLUSION Onsite/near-patient rapid NAAT(including polymerase ch.in reaction)is recommended wh.rever possible to optimize patient management in th. acute setting.

关键词： Cerebrospinal fluid Nucleic acid amplification testing Questionnaire survey Turnaround times Viral studies

Tissue differential expression of lycopene β-cyclase gene in papaya

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Cell Research 2006年第8期16卷 731-739页

作者： Rach.lLSkelton RajeswariSrinivasan Rich.rdMansh.rdt paul h.Moore Ray Ming h.waii Agriculture Research.Center AieaHI 96701USA Department of Tropical Plant and Soil Sciences Universityof HawaiiHonoluduHI 96822USA USDA-ARS Pacific Basin Agricultural Research CenterAieaHI 96701USA h.waii Agriculture Research.Center AieaHI 96701USADepartment of Plant BiologyUniversityof Illinois at Urbana-ChampaignUrbanaIL 61801USA

Carotene pigments in flowers and fruits are distinct features related to fitness advantages such.as attracting insects forpollination and birds for seed *** papaya,th. flesh.color of th. fruit is considered a quality trait th.t correlateswith.nutritional value and is linked to sh.lf-life of th. *** elucidate th. carotenoid biosynth.sis path.ay in papaya,we took a candidate gene approach.to clone th. lycopene β-cyclase gene,LCY-B.A papaya LCY-B orth.log,cpLCY-B,was successfully identified from both.cDNA and bacterial artificial ch.omosome(BAC)libraries and complete genomicsequence was obtained from th. positive BAC including th. promoter *** cpLCY-B sh.red 80% amino acididentity with.citrus ***,full genomic sequences from both.yellow- and red-flesh.d papaya were *** real-time PCR(qPCR)revealed similar levels of expression at six different maturing stages of fruits forboth.yellow-and red-flesh.d *** expression analyses of cpLCY-B sh.wed th.t its expression levels wereseven- and th.ee-fold h.gh.r in leaves and,respectively,flowers th.n in fruits,suggesting th.t cpLCY-B is down-regulatedduring th. fruit ripening process.

关键词： Carica papaya fruit flesh.color lycopene β-cyclase