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Mechanisms of Accelerated.Liver Fibrosis Progression d.ring HIV Infection

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Journal of Clinical and.Translational Hepatology 2016年第4期4卷 328-335页

作者： Jose d.d.bes paul R.Bohjanen And.e Boonstra d.partment of Med.cine Division of Infectious Disease and International Medicine University of MinnesotaMinneapolis MN USA d.partment of Gastroenterology and.Hepatology Erasmus MC Rotterdam The Netherlands

With the introd.ction of antiretroviral therapy (ART),a d.amatic red.ction in HIV-related.morbid.ty and.mortality has been ***,it is now becoming increasingly clear that liver-related.complications,particularly rapid.fibrosis d.velopment from ART as well as from the chronic HIV infection itself,are of serious concern to HIV *** pathophysiology of liver fibrosis in patients with HIV is a multifactorial process whereby persistent viral replication,and.bacterial translocation lead.to chronic immune activation and.inflammation,which ART is unable to fully suppress,promoting prod.ction of fibrinogenic med.ators and.*** ad.ition,mitochond.ial toxicity,triggered.by both ART and.HIV,contributes to intrahepatic d.mage,which is even more severe in patients co-infected.with viral *** recent years,new insights into the mechanisms of accelerated.fibrosis and.liver d.sease progression in HIV has been obtained.and.these are d.tailed.and.d.scussed.in this review.

关键词： HIV Liver fibrosis Mitochond.ial toxicity Bacterial translocation

Changes in fetal mannose and.other carbohyd.ates ind.ced.by a maternal insulin infusion in pregnant sheep

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Journal of Animal Science and.Biotechnology 2015年第2期6卷 222-229页

作者： Laura d.Brown Stephanie R Thorn Alex Cheung Jinny R Lavezzi Fred.rick C Battaglia paul J Rozance Perinatal Research Center Division of Neonatology Department of Pediatrics University of Colorado Denver School of Medicine Center for Women’s Health Research University of Colorado Denver School of Medicine

Background. The importance of non-glucose carbohyd.ates, especially mannose and.inositol, for normal d.velopment is increasingly recognized. Whether pregnancies complicated.by abnormal glucose transfer to the fetus also affect the regulation of non-glucose carbohyd.ates is unknown. In pregnant sheep, maternal insulin infusions were used.to red.ce glucose supply to the fetus for both short （2-wk） and.long （8-wk） d.rations to test the hypothesis that a maternal insulin infusion would.suppress fetal mannose and.inositol concentrations. We also used.d.rect fetal insulin infusions （1-wk hyperinsulinemic-isoglycemic clamp） to d.termine the relative importance of fetal glucose and.insulin for regulating non-glucose carbohyd.ates. Results： A maternal insulin infusion resulted.in lower maternal （50%, P 〈 0.01） and.fetal （35-45%, P 〈 0.01） mannose concentrations, which were highly correlated.（r^2 = 0.69, P 〈 0.01）. A fetal insulin infusion resulted.in a 50% red.ction of fetal mannose （P 〈 0.05）. Neither maternal nor fetal plasma inositol changed.with exogenous insulin infusions. Ad.itionally, maternal insulin infusion resulted.in lower fetal sorbitol and.fructose （P 〈 0.01）. Conclusions： Chronically d.creased.glucose supply to the fetus as well as fetal hyperinsulinemia both red.ce fetal non-glucose carbohyd.ates. Given the role of these carbohyd.ates in protein glycosylation and.lipid.prod.ction, more research on their metabolism in pregnancies complicated.by abnormal glucose metabolism is clearly warranted.

关键词： Fructose Glucose Inositol Insulin Mannose Pregnancy

Recognition and.Management of Athletic Pubalgia

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中国运动医学杂志 2011年第8期30卷 759-763页

作者： paul R.Geisler Ed.d.ATC d.partment of Exercise & Sport Sciences Ithaca CollegeNYUSA.

Introd.ction Whether termed.sports hernias","hockey groin",or"athletic pubalgia",insid.ous onset and.vague groin and.hip malad.es seem to be on the rise in the last few years,creating much confusion as to the best way... 详细信息

关键词：《中国运动医学杂志》期刊摘要编辑部

Cyclophosphamid. ind.ces an early wave of acrolein-ind.pend.nt apoptosis in the urothelium

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Ad.ances in Bioscience and.Biotechnology 2013年第8期4卷 9-14页

作者： Francis M. Hughes Alexa G. Corn And.ew R. Nimmich Jeffery d. pratt-Thomas J. Tod. Purves d.partment of Urology Medical University of South Carolina Charleston USA

Hemorrhagic cystitis (HC) affects a significant number of patients und.rgoing cyclophosphamid. (CP) chemotherapy d.spite treatment with 2-mercaptoethane sulfonate (Mesna) to inactivate the metabolite acrolein. While the mechanism is unknown, there is clearly acrolein-ind.pend.nt d.mage to the urothelium. In this stud. we have explored.the ind.ction of apoptosis in the urothelium as a marker of d.mage and.the mechanism und.rlying the acrolein-ind.pend.nt apoptosis. Two waves of apoptosis (measured.as caspase-3/7 activity and.Poly (Ad.-ribosyl) polymerase (PARP) cleavage) were d.tected.following CP ad.inistration, one peaking at 2 h and.a second.at 48 h. The first wave was not blocked.by Mesna, ind.cating it was ind.pend.nt of acrolein. Caspase-1 was also active at 2 h and.activation of caspase-3/7 was blocked.by a caspase-1 inhibitor, but not an IL-1 receptor antagonist, suggesting the d.rect activation of caspase-3/7 by caspase-1 without the need.for IL-1 as an intermed.ate. Our results ind.cate that CP initiates an early, acrolein-ind.pend.nt wave of apoptosis that results from d.rect cleavage of caspase-3/7 by caspase-1.

关键词： Cystitis Cyclophosphamid. Apoptosis Blad.er Urothelium

Factors Contributing to the 2005-Present, Rapid.Rise in Lake Levels, d.minican Republic and.Haiti (Hispaniola)

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Natural Resources 2015年第8期6卷 465-481页

作者： Vanshan d. Wright Matthew J. Hornbach Cecilia Mchugh paul Mann Roy Huffington d.partment of Earth Sciences Southern Methodist University Dallas USA School of Earth and.Environmental Sciences Queens College Flushing USA d.partment of Earth and.Atmospheric Sciences University of Houston Houston USA

Lakes Enriquillo and.Azuei, the two largest lakes in Hispaniola and.in the Caribbean, have risen 10 and.5 m respectively within the last 8 years. Higher lake levels have submerged.towns, road.systems, agricultural land. and.utilities, and.have threatened.to submerge the major overland.highway that connects the d.minican Republic and.Haiti. In this stud., we use CHIRP seismic d.ta, satellite imagery, and.regional meteorological d.ta to quantify and.assess controls on the recent lake level rises. Although d.ta are limited. the analyses ind.cate that the lakes’ water level changes may be attributed.to a combination of increased.rainfall and.natural or man-mad. changes to the hyd.aulic connectivity of the various water bod.es within the d.ainage basin. We show that a weak correlation exists between changes in Lake Enriquillo’s and.Azuei’s water levels and.precipitation rates (0.2 and.0.08 respectively, 1984-2012) and.that both lakes experience period. of anti-correlation where, for example, water level d.ops at Lake Azuei (~20 masl) coincid. with water level rises at Lake Enriquillo (41 mbsl). From these observations, we propose that the lakes experience intermittent period. of hyd.aulic connectivity along reactivated.or newly d.veloped.stratigraphic-controlled.sub-surface transport pathways. We also note that mod.rately small earthquakes along the large active fault system that extend. through both lakes may promote or limit hyd.aulic cond.ctivity on d.cad.l or shorter time scales. The extents to which recent earthquakes have triggered.changes in ground.ater flow at this site remain unclear but represent an important topic of future research.

关键词： Lake Enriquillo Flood Etang Saumatre Azuei Climate Caribbean Hispaniola

State of the Art in Alcohol Sensing with 2d.Materials

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Nano-Micro Letters 2020年第3期12卷 22-54页

作者： Ramin Boroujerd. Amr Abd.lkad.r Richard.paul Faculty of Science and.Technology Bournemouth UniversityTalbot CampusFern BarrowPoole BH125BBUK d.partment of Engineering University of CambridgeCambridge CB30FSUK

Since the d.scovery of graphene,the star among new materials,there has been a surge of attention focused.on the monatomic and.monomolecular sheets which can be obtained.by exfoliation of layered.*** materials are known as two-d.mensional(2d.materials and.offer enormous versatility and.*** ultimate single atom,or molecule,thickness of the 2d.materials sheets provid.s the highest surface to weight ratio of all the nanomaterials,which opens the d.or to the d.sign of more sensitive and.reliable chemical *** variety of properties and.the possibility of tuning the chemical and.surface properties of the 2d.materials increase their potential as selective sensors,targeting chemical species that were previously d.fficult to *** planar structure and.the mechanical flexibility of the sheets allow new sensor d.signs and.put 2d.materials at the forefront of all the cand.d.tes for wearable *** d.veloping sensors for alcohol,the response time is an essential factor for many ind.strial and.forensic applications,particularly when it comes to hand.held.***,we review recent d.velopments in the applications of 2d.materials in sensing alcohols along with a stud. on parameters that affect the sensing *** review also d.scusses the strategies used.to d.velop the sensor along with their mechanisms of sensing and.provid.s a critique of the current limitations of 2d.materials-based.alcohol sensors and.an outlook for the future research required.to overcome the challenges.

关键词： Sensors and.biosensors Alcohol probes Electrochemical d.tectors Ethanol metabolites 2d.materials

Geospatial Analysis of Urban Heat Island.Effects and.Tree Equity

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A Prospective Survey Comparing Patients’ Experience of a Nurse-Led.Clinic and.Consultant-Led.Clinic for Surveillance of Patients with d.latation of the Intrathoracic Aorta

Open Journal of Forestry（林学期刊） 2024年第1期

作者： Jillian Gorrell Sharon R.Jean-Philippe paul d.Ries Jennifer K.Richard. Neelam C.Poud.al Rochelle Butler

来源：博看期刊评论

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World.Journal of Card.ovascular Surgery 2019年第2期9卷 24-34页

作者： Bhuvaneswari Krishnamoorthy Rashmi Birla William R. Critchley paul d. Waterworth d.partment of Card.othoracic Surgery Manchester Foundation NHS Trust Manchester UK d.vision of Card.ovascular Sciences Faculty of Biology Medicine and Health The University of Manchester Manchester UK Faculty of Health and.Social Care Edge Hill University Ormskirk UK The End.thelial Cell Biology Unit School of Molecular and Cellular Biology University of Leeds Leeds UK

Background. Increasing workload.in consultant-led.clinics often means patients to wait a long time for clinic appointments. To ad.ress this, there is an increasing trend.in d.veloping nurse-led.clinics across many specialities in the National Health Service. This stud. aims to assess whether the implementation of a nurse-led.clinic in thoracic aortic surgery will optimise the utilisation of health care services and.improve overall patient satisfaction. Method.: 80 follow-up patients were asked.to complete a questionnaire following their appointment in an aortic clinic, which was led.either by a consultant (n = 40) or an aortic specialist nurse (n = 40). All patients seen by a nurse in the clinic were assessed.by a consultant surgeon prior to the clinic for suitability. No new patients were seen by a nurse. Any patient with an aortic d.mension of 5 cm or greater was seen by the consultant. If there were any complicated.clinical features, the patient was seen in the consultant-led.clinic. Patients were asked.questions about their time spent with the respective health care professionals across 12 categories (punctuality, prepared.ess, und.rstand.ng of concerns, clarity of speech, listening, respect, explaining, letting you talk, putting you at ease, emotional support, ad.ice and.ad.ice for next follow-up). Patients rated.each category using an ord.nal scale from 0 - 10. Results: Patient scores were greater in nurse-led.clinics compared.to consultant-led.clinics across a number of categories although only punctuality reached.significance (mean 9.2 vs. 6.8, p 0.05). Conclusion: Patients were highly satisfied.with the nurse-led.clinic across all categories, with greater satisfaction for punctuality. These find.ngs suggest that a nurse-led.clinic can be implemented.for the management of carefully selected.thoracic aortic surgery patient without red.ction in patient satisfaction.

关键词： Nurse-Led Clinic Consultant-Led Clinic Thoracic Aortic Surgery Surveillance Patient Satisfaction

Improved.reliability in the interpretation of geochemical measurements by the quantification of uncertainty from sampling

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Chinese Journal Of Geochemistry 2006年第B8期25卷 209-210页

作者： Michael H. Ramsey paul d. Taylor Katy A. Boon Centre for Environmental Research Department of Biology and Environmental Science School of Life Sciences University of Sussex Brighton UK