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Acquired Traits contribute More to Drought Tolerance in Wheat Than in Rice

Plant Phenomics 2020年第1期2卷 172-187页

作者： Preethi Vijayaraghavareddy Ramu S.Vemanna Xinyou Yin paul c.struik Udayakumar Makarla Sheshshayee Sreeman Department of crop Physiology University of Agricultural SciencesBengaluruIndia centre for crop Systems Analysis Department of Plant SciencesWageningen University&ResearchPO Box 4306700 AK WageningenNetherlands Regional centre for Biotechnology FaridabadHaryanaIndia

Drought tolerance is governed by constitutive and acquired *** them has relevance for sustaining crop productivity under *** levels of stress induce specific mechanisms that protect metabolism when stress becomes ***,we report a comparative assessment of“acquired drought tolerance(ADT)”traits in two rice cultivars,IR64(drought susceptible)and Apo(tolerant),and a drought-tolerant wheat cultivar,*** seedlings were exposed to progressive concentrations of methyl viologen(MV),a stress inducer,before transferring to a severe concentration.“Induced”seedlings showed higher tolerance and recovery growth than seedlings exposed directly to severe stress.A novel phenomic platform with an automated irrigation system was used for precisely imposing soil moisture stress to capture ADT traits during the vegetative *** progression of drought was achieved through a software-controlled automated irrigation *** facility allowed the maintenance of the same level of soil moisture irrespective of differences in transpiration,and hence,this platform provided the most appropriate method to assess ADT *** biomass decreased more in IR64 than in *** wheat cultivar showed lower levels of damage and higher recovery growth even compared to *** of ROS-scavenging enzymes and drought-responsive genes was significantly higher in Apo than in IR64,but differences were only marginal between Apo and *** wheat cultivar showed significantly higher stomatal conductance,carbon gain,and biomass than the rice cultivars,under *** differences in ADT traits between cultivars as well as between species can be utilised for improving drought tolerance in crop plants.

关键词： cultivar Wheat drought

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Vegetable Production After Flooded Rice Improves Soil Properties in the Red River Delta, Vietnam

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Pedosphere 2015年第1期25卷 130-139页

作者： Arij P.EVERAARTS Jacques J.NEETESON Pham T.T.HUONG paul c.struik Applied Plant Research Wageningen University and Research Centre Plant Research International Wageningen University and Research Centre Field crop Research Institute Hai Duong and Hanoi University of Agriculture centre for crop Systems Analysis Wageningen University

Vegetable production in South East Asia often is in rotation with flooded rice. The puddling of the soil with flooded rice production may result in unfavourable soil conditions for the subsequent production of dry land crops. To establish whether permanent vegetable production results in favourable soil conditions for vegetables, the effects of five different permanent vegetable production systems and a system of vegetable production in rotation with flooded rice on soil properties after flooded rice were studied in a 2-year field experiment. Bulk density at 0.05–0.10 m depth layer decreased with permanent vegetable production and vegetable production in rotation with flooded rice. The decrease in bulk density was influenced by the application of organic manure and rice husks, and especially by the number of crops cultivated, suggesting that frequency of soil tillage had a major effect on bulk density. Ploughing with buffalo traction after flooded rice, in combination with construction of raised beds, could reduce or totally eliminate negative effects of puddling on soil structure. Bulk density at 0.15–0.20 m soil depth was not influenced. Soil acidity decreased significantly in all systems. Soil organic carbon increased in all systems, but significant increase was only found in two permanent vegetable production systems. Available phosphorus(P) significantly increased in two permanent vegetable production systems, with a positively correlation to the amount of P applied. The significant decrease in bulk density and increase in p H(H2O), after only 2 years, showed that soil conditions after flooded rice could be improved in a short time under intensive vegetable production.

关键词： available phosphorus bulk density organic carbon puddling soil fertility soil improvement

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植物-土壤微生物反馈在草地演替过程中的作用机制

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中国草地学报 2022年第1期44卷 95-103页

作者：王珍金轲丁勇 paul c.struik 张玉娟李元恒中国农业科学院草原研究所/农业农村部草地生态与修复治理重点实验室内蒙古呼和浩特010010 荷兰瓦赫宁根大学植物科学系作物系统分析中心荷兰瓦赫宁根PO Box 430

植物-土壤反馈影响生态系统结构、功能及过程,推动植物群落组成的变化,对解释植物群落的演替进程和方向、维持植物群落多样性和稳定性有着重要意义,已成为近年生物学和生态学研究热点。植物-土壤微生物反馈是植物-土壤反馈的重要组成部... 详细信息

植物-土壤反馈影响生态系统结构、功能及过程,推动植物群落组成的变化,对解释植物群落的演替进程和方向、维持植物群落多样性和稳定性有着重要意义,已成为近年生物学和生态学研究热点。植物-土壤微生物反馈是植物-土壤反馈的重要组成部分。重点综述植物-土壤微生物反馈在植物群落演替过程中的作用机制,简要指出目前研究中存在的不足,并对未来研究中值得重点关注的科学问题进行了探讨与展望。

关键词：植物-土壤微生物反馈演替影响因素反馈作用

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Quantifying source-sink relationships in leaf-color modified rice genotypes during grain filling

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2024年第9期23卷 2923-2940页

作者： Zhenxiang Zhou paul cstruik Junfei Gu Peter E.L.van der Putten Zhiqin Wang Jianchang Yang Xinyou Yin centre for crop Systems Analysis Department of Plant SciencesWageningen University&ResearchWageningen 6700 AKThe Netherlands college of Agriculture Yangzhou UniversityYangzhou 225009China

Leaf-color modification can affect canopy photosynthesis,with potential effects on rice yield and yield *** source-sink relationships through crop management is often used to improve crop *** study investigated whether and how modifying leaf color alters source-sink relationships and whether current crop cultivation practices remain applicable for leaf-color modified *** collected data of total biomass and nitrogen(N)accumulation in rice genotypes of four genetic backgrounds and their leaf-color modified variants(greener or yellower)were analyzed,using a recently established modelling method to quantify the source-sink(im)balance during grain *** all leaf-color variants,only one yellower-leaf variant showed a higher source capacity than its normal *** was associated with greater post-flowering N-uptake that prolonged the functional leaf-N duration,and this greater post-flowering N-uptake was possible because of reduced pre-flowering N-uptake.A density experiment showed that current management practices(insufficient planting density accompanied by abundant N application)are unsuitable for the yellower-leaf genotype,ultimately limiting its yield ***-color modification affects source-sink relationships by regulating the N trade-off between pre-and post-flowering uptake,as well as N translocation between source and sink *** best exploit leaf-color modification for improving crop productivity,adjustments of crop management practices are required.

关键词： source-sink relationship biomass nitrogen Oryza sativa leaf-color modification

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马铃薯种薯质量对生长和产量的影响 Ⅰ.种薯大小

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西南农业学报 2007年第3期20卷 458-461页

作者：何卫 paul c.struik 胡建军张颙张志勇卢学兰蒋馨王克秀四川省农业科学院四川成都610066 WURP.O. Box88 6700 AB WageningenThe Netherlands 四川省农技推广总站四川成都610041

对影响马铃薯的几个主要因素及相互作用进行研究,结果表明,当播种密度一定时,种薯大小无一例外地显著影响产量,即种薯越大产量越高,而其他因素包括品种、来源、季节和海拔不同程度地影响生长和产量。播种时,单位面积的种薯出芽数调整为... 详细信息

对影响马铃薯的几个主要因素及相互作用进行研究,结果表明,当播种密度一定时,种薯大小无一例外地显著影响产量,即种薯越大产量越高,而其他因素包括品种、来源、季节和海拔不同程度地影响生长和产量。播种时,单位面积的种薯出芽数调整为相同时,种薯大小对单位面积产量不产生影响。证明了种薯单位面积产生的主茎数对产量起决定性作用,特别是单株结薯较少的品种和秋冬作。

关键词：马铃薯种薯大小结薯数产量

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Responses of Lowland, Upland and Aerobic Rice Genotypes to Water Limitation During Different Phases

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Rice science 2020年第4期27卷 345-354页

作者： Preethi VIJAYARAGHAVAREDDY YIN Xinyou paul cstruik Udayakumar MAKARLA Sheshshayee SREEMAN Department of crop Physiology University of Agricultural SciencesBengaluru 560065India centre for crop Systems Analysis Wageningen University&ResearchPO Box 4306700AK Wageningenthe Netherlands

Rice yield reduction due to water limitation depends on its severity and duration and on the phenological stage of its *** exposed three contrasting rice genotypes,IR64,UPLRi7 and Apo(adapted to lowland,upland and aerobic conditions,respectively),to three water regimes(puddle,100%and 60%field capacity)in pots during the vegetative(GSI),flowering(GSII)and grain filling(GSIII)*** at all the three stages significantly reduced yield especially in lowland genotype *** of water limitation was more severe at GSII than at the other two *** at GSI stage reduced both source activity(leaf area and photosynthetic rate)and sink capacity(tiller number or panicle number per pot).When stress was imposed at GSII,spikelet fertility was most affected in all the three *** both GSII and GSIII,although leaf area was constant in all the three water regimes,estimated relative whole-plant photosynthesis was strongly associated with yield *** photosynthesis due to stress at any given stage was found to have direct impact on *** to the other genotypes,Apo had deeper roots and maintained a better water relation,thus,higher carbon gain and spikelet viability,and ultimately,higher biomass and productivity under water-limited ***,screening for these stage-dependent adaptive mechanisms is crucial in breeding for sustained rice production under water limitation.

关键词： water limitation phenology upland aerobic Oryza sativa yield

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Bayesian Estimation of Shrubs Diversity in Rangelands under Two Management Systems in Northern Syria

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Open Journal of Ecology 2014年第4期4卷 168-173页

作者： Abdoul Aziz Niane Murari Singh paul c. struik Bio-Diversity and Integrated Gene Management Program International Center for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas (ICARDA) Aleppo Syria centre for crop Systems Analysis Wageningen University Wageningen The Netherlands

The diversity of shrubs in rangelands of northern Syria is affected by the grazing management systems restricted by the increase in human and livestock populations. To describe and estimate diversity and compare the rangeland grazing management treatments, two popular indices for diversity, the Shannon index and the Simpson index, were studied for the four combinations of two sites, Hammam and Obeisan, and two grazing methods, closed and Open, using frequentist and Bayesian approaches. We simulated the a priori and a-posteriori distributions of the Shannon and Simpson diversity indices, where from a range of values for a constant in the a priori distribution the best value normalizing the distribution of the diversity indices was chosen. The Bayesian diversity estimates were higher than their frequentist counterparts and had lower standard errors. The grazing methods at each site and sites under each grazing method delivered significant diversity of shrub species. The Bayesian estimates resulted in lower p-values than the frequentist approach for two cases reflecting in Bayesian method’s higher power. Bayesian approach is recommended as it has a wider framework for inference on diversity studies.

关键词： Arid Rangelands Species Abundance Diversity Shannon Index Simpson Diversity Index Bayesian Method

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cR Geometry in 3-D(Dedicated to Professor Haim Brezis with admiration)

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chinese Annals of Mathematics,Series B 2017年第2期38卷 695-710页

作者： paul c.YANG department of mathematics princeton universityFine HallW ashington RoadPrinceton NJ 08544 USA.

cR geometry studies the boundary of pseudo-convex manifolds. By concentrating on a choice of a contact form, the local geometry bears strong resemblence to conformal geometry. This paper deals with the role conformally invariant operators such as the Paneitz operator plays in the cR geometry in dimension three. While the sign of this operator is important in the embedding problem, the kernel of this operator is also closely connected with the stability of cR structures. The positivity of the cR-mass under the natural sign conditions of the Paneitz operator and the cR Yamabe operator is discussed. The cR positive mass theorem has a consequence for the existence of minimizer of the cR Yamabe problem. The pseudo-Einstein condition studied by Lee has a natural analogue in this dimension, and it is closely connected with the pluriharmonic *** author discusses the introduction of new conformally covariant operator P-prime and its associated Q-prime curvature and gives another natural way to find a canonical contact form among the class of pseudo-Einstein contact forms. Finally, an isoperimetric constant determined by the Q-prime curvature integral is discussed.

关键词： Paneitz operator, Embedding problem, Yamabe equation, Mass,P-prime, Q-prime curvature

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A functional tacrolimus-releasing nerve wrap for enhancing nerve regeneration following surgical nerve repair

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第1期20卷 291-304页

作者： Simeon c.Daeschler Katelyn J.W.So Konstantin Feinberg Marina Manoraj Jenny cheung Jennifer Zhang Kaveh Mirmoeini Jpaul Santerre Tessa Gordon Gregory HBorschel SickKids Research Institute Neuroscience and Mental Health ProgramTorontoONCanada Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering University of TorontoTorontoONCanada Indiana University School of Medicine IndianapolisINUSA Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery the Hospital for Sick ChildrenTorontoONCanada Translational Biology and Engineering Program Ted Rogers Centre for Heart ResearchInstitute of Biomedical EngineeringFaculty of DentistryUniversity of TorontoTorontoONCanada

Axonal regeneration following surgical nerve repair is slow and often incomplete,resulting in poor functional recovery which sometimes contributes to lifelong ***,there are no FDA-approved therapies available to promote nerve *** accelerates axonal regeneration,but systemic side effects presently outweigh its potential benefits for peripheral nerve *** authors describe herein a biodegradable polyurethane-based drug delivery system for the sustained local release of tacrolimus at the nerve repair site,with suitable properties for scalable production and clinical application,aiming to promote nerve regeneration and functional recovery with minimal systemic drug *** is encapsulated into co-axially electrospun polycarbonate-urethane nanofibers to generate an implantable nerve wrap that releases therapeutic doses of bioactive tacrolimus over 31 *** and drug loading are adjustable for applications in small and large caliber nerves,and the wrap degrades within 120 days into biocompatible *** released from the nerve wrap promotes axon elongation in vitro and accelerates nerve regeneration and functional recovery in preclinical nerve repair models while off-target systemic drug exposure is reduced by 80%compared with systemic *** its surgical suitability and preclinical efficacy and safety,this system may provide a readily translatable approach to support axonal regeneration and recovery in patients undergoing nerve surgery.

关键词： biodegradable local drug delivery nerve injury nerve regeneration nerve wrap tacrolimus

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Effects of Temperature, Relative Humidity and Moisture content on Seed Longevity of Shrubby Russian Thistle （ Salsola vermiculata L,）

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Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology(B) 2013年第9期3卷 623-634页

作者： Abdoul Aziz Niane paul christiaan struik Zewdie Bishaw International center for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas (IcARDA) Beirut Lebanon centre for crop Systems Analysis Wageningen University AK Wageningen NL-6700 Netherlands

Salsola vermiculata is a highly palatable shrub and widely used in rangeland rehabilitation programs, but has short seed longevity. To identify the most cost effective storage method for S. vermiculata, experiments were carried out to test the effects of fruit bracts （wings）, temperature regimes, seed moisture and packaging methods on storage life. Seed samples were removed from storage at monthly intervals for testing and towards the end of the experiments samples were transferred from hermetic to ambient storage conditions and tested for germination. Experiment 1 continued for 1,140 days, Experiment 2 for 720 days. For de-winged seed, high moisture content increased seed longevity, suggesting that desiccation susceptibility is one of the causes of limited longevity in this species. Most longevity regression lines of winged seeds had negative intercepts suggesting increase in germination resulting from gradual dormancy-breaking. Drying and packaging alone increased longevity by 7.6 and 3.8 times in Experiments 1 and 2, respectively. Samples kept at lower temperature and lower moisture treatments survived longer under ambient conditions. Increased longevity by drying and vacuum packaging alone can provide simple, cost effective and environmentally friendly options for rangeland rehabilitation programs.

关键词： Salsola vermiculata L. seed storage vacuum packaging seed longevity probit analysis.

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