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解脲脲原体血清型1和3感染BALB／c雌性小鼠生殖道的致病性比较

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中华皮肤科杂志 2013年第5期46卷 320-323页

作者：杨华张洪文王新 Dhruba paudel 周英中南大学湘雅二医院妇产科长沙410011 中国医学科学院北京协和医学院北京协和医院妇产科北京100730 中国医学科学院北京协和医学院北京协和医院皮肤科北京100730

目的探讨相同浓度解脲脲原体血清型1（Uul）和3（Uu3）及混合感染（Uul和Uu3）在BALB／c雌性小鼠模型生殖道的致病性。方法156只雌激素预处理过的BALB／c小鼠随机分为4组，Uul组、Uu3组、Uul＋Uu3组每组48只，无菌培养液对照组12只，分... 详细信息

目的探讨相同浓度解脲脲原体血清型1（Uul）和3（Uu3）及混合感染（Uul和Uu3）在BALB／c雌性小鼠模型生殖道的致病性。方法156只雌激素预处理过的BALB／c小鼠随机分为4组，Uul组、Uu3组、Uul＋Uu3组每组48只，无菌培养液对照组12只，分别阴道接种相同浓度（10^6拷贝／g）Uu。接种后第1、3、7、14、21、35天随机处死每实验组各8只及对照组2只小鼠。取宫颈、子宫内膜及输卵管行HE染色，光镜观察；取接种后第14天宫颈管黏膜扫描电镜观察。数据采用卡方检验进行统计学分析。结果接种相同浓度不同血清型Uu后3～35d，Uul组、Uu3组、Uul＋Uu3组的总致病率分别为35．0％（14／40）、47．5％（19／40）、62．5％（25／40），3组致病率差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。对照组无致病。结论BALB／c小鼠生殖道接种相同浓度的Uul、Uu3、Uul＋Uu3后，Uul＋Uu3组致病性最强，Uul组最弱。

关键词：解脲支原体血清分型毒力动物替代试验

A Strategy for PMU Placement Considering the Resiliency of Measurement System

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Journal of Power and Energy Engineering 2015年第11期3卷 29-36页

作者： Jyoti paudel Xufeng Xu Karthikeyan Balasubramaniam Elham B. Makram Electrical and Computer Engineering Department Clemson University Clemson USA

This paper aims to find strategic locations for additional Phasor Measurement Units (PMUs) installation while considering resiliency of existing PMU measurement system. A virtual attack agent is modeled based on an optimization framework. The virtual attack agent targets to minimize observability of power system by coordinated attack on a subset of critical PMUs. A planner agent is then introduced which analyzes the attack pattern of virtual attack agent. The goal of the planner agent is to mitigate the vulnerability posed by the virtual attack agent by placing additional PMUs at strategic locations. The ensuing problem is formulated as an optimization problem. The proposed framework is applied on 14, 30, 57 and 118 bus test systems, including a large 2383 node western polish test system to demonstrate the feasibility of proposed approach for large systems.

关键词： Observability Optimization Model PMU Placement Resiliency Scenario Technology Virtual Attacker

Evaluating active leprosy case identifcation methods in six districts of Nepal

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Infectious Diseases of Poverty 2023年第6期12卷 105-106页

作者： Ram Kumar Mahato Uttam Ghimire Madhav Lamsal Bijay Bajracharya Mukesh Poudel Prashnna Napit Krishna Lama Gokarna Dahal David T.S.Hayman Ajit Kumar Karna Basu Dev Pandey Chuman Lal Das Krishna Prasad paudel Epidemiology and Disease Control Division Department of Health Services Ministry of Health and Population Kathmandu Nepal Epidemiology and Disease Control Division-Malaria Program Management Unit- SCI-GF Kathmandu Nepal Leprosy Control & Disability Management Section EPidemiology and Disease Control Division DoHS Kathmandu Nepal Lalgadh Leprosy Hospital & Service Center Nepal Leprosy Trust Lalgadh Nepal Molecular Epidemiology and Public Health Laboratory Infectious Disease Research Centre Hopkirk Research Institute Massey University Palmerston North New Zealand Center for Health and Disease Studies-Nepal Kathmandu Nepal DEJIMA Infectious Disease Research Alliance Nagasaki University Nagasaki Japan

Background Nepal has achieved and sustained the elimination of leprosy as a public health problem since 2009,but 17 districts and 3 provinces with 41%(10,907,128)of Nepal’s population have yet to eliminate the *** cases and grade-2 disabilities(G2D)indicate recent transmission and late diagnosis,respectively,which necessitate active and early case *** operational research was performed to identify approaches best suited for early case detection,determine community-based leprosy epidemiology,and identify hidden leprosy cases early and respond with prompt *** Active case detection was undertaken in two Nepali provinces with the greatest burden of leprosy,Madhesh Province(40%national cases)and Lumbini Province(18%)and at-risk prison populations in Madhesh,Lumbini and Bagmati *** detection was performed by(1)house-to-house visits among vulnerable populations(n=26,469);(2)contact examination and tracing(n=7608);in Madhesh and Lumbini Provinces and,(3)screening prison populations(n=4428)in Madhesh,Lumbini and Bagmati Provinces of *** case direct medical and nonmedical costs for each approach were *** New case detection rates were highest for contact tracing(250),followed by house-to-house visits(102)and prison screening(45)per 100,000 population ***,the cost per case identifed was cheapest for house-to-house visits[Nepalese rupee(NPR)76,500/case],followed by contact tracing(NPR 90,286/case)and prison screening(NPR 298,300/case).House-to-house and contact tracing case paucibacillary/multibacillary(PB:MB)ratios were 59:41 and 68:32;female/male ratios 63:37 and 57:43;pediatric cases 11%in both approaches;and grade-2 disabilities(G2D)11%and 5%,*** leprosy was not signifcantly diferent among household and neighbor contacts[odds ratios(OR)=1.4,95%confdence interval(CI):0.24-5.85]and for contacts of MB versus PB cases(OR=0.7,95%CI 0.26-2.0).Attack rates were not signifcantly d

关键词： Leprosy Early case detection Community-based epidemiology Hidden case New case detection rate Attack rate Cost per case identifed Nepal

Is overhydration in peritoneal dialysis patients associated with cardiac mortality that might be reversible?

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World Journal of Nephrology 2016年第5期5卷 448-454页

作者： Elizabeth Oei Klara paudel Annemarie Visser Hazel Finney Stanley L Fan Department of Renal Medicine and Transplantation Barts Health NHS Trust Department of Nutrition and Dietetics Barts Health NHS Trust Department of Clinical Biochemistry Barts Health NHS Trust

AIMTo study the relationship between overhydration （OH） in peritoneal dialysis （PD） patients and cardiac ***, as measured by body composition monitor （BCM）, is associated with increased mortality in dialysis pa-tients. BCM has been used to guide treatment on the assumption that correcting OH will improve cardiac morbidity and mortality although data demonstrating causality that is reversible is limited. We wished to determine if OH in PD patients predicted cardiac mor-tality, and if there was a correlation between OH and cardiac troponin-T （cTnT） levels. Finally, we wished to determine if improving OH values would lead to a decrement in cTnT. All prevalent PD patients over the study period of 57 mo who had contemporaneous BCM and cTnT measurements were followed irrespective of transplantation or PD technique failure. We also studied a cohort of patients with who had severe OH （〉＋2L）.The Fresenius Body Composition Monitor was used to obtain hydration parameters. cTnT levels were done as part of routine clinical care. Data was analysed using SPSS version *** were 48 deaths in the 336 patients. The patients that died from cardiac or non-cardiac causes were similar with respect to their age, incidence of diabetes mellitus, gender, ethnicity and cause of renal failure. However, the patients with cardiac causes of death had significantly shorter dialysis vintage （10.3 mo vs 37.0 mo, P 〈 0.0001） and were significantly more overhydrated by BCM measurement （2.95 L vs 1.35 L, P 〈 0.05）. The mean （standard error of the means） hydration status of the 336 patients was ＋1.15 （0.12） L and the median [interquartile range （IQR）] cTnT level was 43.5 （20-90） ng/L. The cTnT results were not normally distributed and were therefore transformed logarithmically. There was a statistically significant correlation between Log （cTnT） with the OH value （Spearman r value 0.425, P 〈 0.0001）. We identifed a sub-group of patients that were severely overhydrated; m

关键词： Bioimpedance Fluid status Peritoneal dialysis Mortality Overhydration Cardiac troponin

Distribution and Habitat Preference of Red Panda (<i>Ailurus fulgens fulgens</i>) in Jumla District, Nepal

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Open Journal of Ecology 2014年第15期4卷 989-1001页

作者： Manoj Bhatta Karan Bahadur Shah Bhupendra Devkota Rajiv paudel Saroj Panthi Amrit Science Campus Kathmandu Nepal Natural History Museum Tribhuvan University Kathmandu Nepal College of Applied Science Kathmandu Nepal Winrock International Lalitpur Nepal Department of Forests District Forest Office Darchula Nepal

Reliable and sufficient information regarding status, distribution and habitat preference of red panda (Ailurus fulgens fulgens) is lacking in Nepal. The research activities on red panda in the mid-western Nepal are very limited, so the status of red panda in the region is quite unknown. The study conducted during May, 2013 in three Village Development Committees (VDCs) namely Godhemahadev, Malikathata and Tamti of Jumla district was an important step for providing vital information including distribution and habitat preference of this species. The study included the reconnaissance, key informants survey, interviews and consultation for the most potential area identification, opportunistic survey comprising the direct observation and indirect sign count method for the presence and distribution, habitat assessment consisting vegetation sampling and ocular estimation. The study revealed the presence of red panda in three forests namely Bahirepatan, Imilchadamar and Tyakot of Godhemahadev, Tamti and Malikathata VDCs respectively. The species was found distributed between 2880 and 3244 m with an average dropping encounter rate of 1.04 per hour of searching effort and 12 pellets per dropping. Red panda mostly preferred the habitat in the elevation range of 2900 - 3000 m with southwest facing steep slopes (36? - 45?), associated with water sources at the distance of ≤100 m. Trees such as Acer spp., Betula utilis and Quercus semecarpifolia, shrub species of Elaeagnus parvifolia, Drepanostachyum spp. and Jasminum humile, and the herbs like Polygonatum cirrhifolium, Fragaria nubicola and Galium asperifolium were found to be the most preferred species by red panda. The red panda preferred the habitat with dense crown coverage (>20% - 100%) and 31% - 50% ground cover. Fallen logs (39%) were the most preferred substrate used for defecation.

关键词： Distribution Habitat Preference Jumla Red Panda Sign

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Journal of Biosciences and Medicines 2017年第9期5卷 43-53页

作者： Sudarshan paudel Krishna Bahadur GC Dil Bahadur Bhandari Lilanath Bhandari Amit Arjyal School of Public Health Patan Academy of Health Sciences Lalitpur Nepal Hope International College Purbanchal University Biratnagar Nepal

Objectives: This descriptive study of 219 undergraduate medical students at Patan Academy of Health Sciences in Nepal was conducted to evaluate the relationships of their demographic variables with a health-promoting lifestyle profile. Methods: The Health Promoting Lifestyle Profile (HPLP) questionnaire was used to study students’ lifestyles. We compared the HPLP scores according to gender, residence type, school background and year of study. One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and multiple comparison test were conducted to identify significant differences among university year (first, second, third and fourth) groups. Multiple regression analysis was used to analyze the effects of various demographics on the overall HPLP score and the six health-promoting lifestyle subscales. Results: The overall HPLP mean score of participants was 2.60 ± 0.29, with the highest mean scores being for spiritual growth (2.99 ± 0.42) and interpersonal relations (2.90 ± 0.35), and the lowest mean scores being for health responsibility (2.39 ± 0.39) and physical activity (2.25 ± 0.54), respectively. The overall HPLP score of the students was the highest for the first year students at 2.65 ± 0.26. The male students had a better overall HPLP score, although female students obtained better score in some subscales such as health responsibility, interpersonal relations and nutrition. The students from a public school background had significantly higher scores for health responsibility, physical activity and stress management than those who graduated school level education from a private school. Conclusions: The results of this study reveal that the status of health promoting behaviors among the students was acceptable with ample room for improvement. Implementation of health education and promotion programs with an emphasis on the different dimensions of health lifestyle behaviors is recommended.

关键词： Health-Promoting Lifestyle Profile Medical Student Nepal

Change in the Distribution of National Bird (Himalayan Monal) Habitat in Gandaki River Basin, Central Himalayas

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Journal of Resources and Ecology 2020年第2期11卷 223-231页

作者： Raju RAI Basanta paudel GU Changjun Narendra Raj KHANAL Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources ResearchChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China College of Resources and Environment University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China

Gandaki River Basin(GRB) is part of the central Himalayan region, which provides habitat for numerous wild species. However, due to changes in climate and land cover, the habitats of many protected species are at risk. Based on the maximum entropy(MaxEnt) model, coupled with bioclimatic layers, land cover and DEM data, the impacts of environmental factors on habitat suitability of Himalayan Monal(Lophophorus impejanus), a national bird of Nepal, was quantified. This study further assessed the present and future habitat and distribution of the Himalayan Monal in the context of climate and land cover changes. The results of this study show that the highly suitable habitat of Himalayan Monal presently occupies around 749 km^2 within the northern, eastern and western parts, particularly protected areas such as Langtang National Park, Manaslu Conservation Area and Annapurna Conservation Area, while it is likely to decrease to 561 km^2 by 2050, primarily in the northern and northwestern parts(i.e., Chhyo, Tatopani, Humde and Chame). These expected changes indicate increasing risk for Himalayan Monal due to a decline in its suitable habitat area.

关键词： climate change land cover Himalayan Monal habitat change Gandaki River Basin

The Comparison of Diagnostic Significance of Narrow Band Imaging in Contrast of White Light Endoscopy in the Assessment of Nasopharyngeal Cancer

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Journal of Cancer Therapy 2020年第3期11卷 160-171页

作者： paudel Sharad Zhichun Huang Xin Yang Wu Cao Ghimire Pratiksha Kharbuja Naresh School of Medicine South East University Nanjing China Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery Department Zhongda Hospital Nanjing China.

Background: Narrow band imaging (NBI) is reported to improve the diagnostic importance of nasopharyngeal cancer. The purpose of this review was to evaluate the diagnostic significance of NBI in the literature and compare it to the conventional white light endoscopy. The use of narrow band imaging (NBI) and further technological achievements concerning the resolution and magnification of endoscopic images have in the past 15 years. With the use of NBI, superficial mucosal lesions, which may be missed by standard WLI endoscopy, can be identified easily by their neoangiogenic pattern. Objective:?To assess diagnostic value of the narrow band imaging and white light endoscopy in nasopharyngeal carcinoma and compare diagnostic values (sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value) with white light endoscopy. Search Methods: From 2010 to 2020, data was searched from electronic databases such as PubMed, web of science. We used narrow band imaging as a key word accordance with diagnostic modalities such as sensitivity, specificity, PPV and NPV and data were collected. Results: We have found mainly 6 studies have discussed about diagnostic value of endoscopy in nasopharyngeal carcinoma in the total of 2746 suspected patients. Among them, 5 studies have compared diagnostic values such as sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value between NBI and WLE. Among 5 studies, 4 studies have found higher sensitivity in NBI, 2 studies found higher 1 equal to WLE specificity in NBI. 3 studies have compared PPV and NPV between NBI and WLE. Among them, all the studies found higher PPV and NPV in NBI than WLE. Conclusion: Recently?developed narrow band imaging has a great significance in the diagnosis of nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Although NBI has also encountered some problem such as contact bleeding and darker image. So, further evaluation should be done.

关键词： Narrow Band Imaging White Light Endoscopy Head and Neck Neoplasms Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma NBI Classification IPCLs Image Enhanced Endoscopy

尼泊尔中部山区麦拉姆齐流域农户生计资本与生计策略关系研究

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山地学报 2016年第5期34卷 645-653页

作者：苏艺邓伟张继飞 Hriday Lal Koirala paudel Khatiwada Shanta 中国科学院水利部成都山地灾害与环境研究所/山区发展研究中心中国科学院大学特里布文大学中心地理系

生计资本与生计策略关系的研究是理解和发展农村可持续生计最重要的途径。本文以尼泊尔中部山区麦拉姆齐流域为例,采用PRA法进行实地调研,定量分析了该流域农户的生计资本状况,生计资本对生计策略的影响及不同生计策略对生计资本因子的... 详细信息

生计资本与生计策略关系的研究是理解和发展农村可持续生计最重要的途径。本文以尼泊尔中部山区麦拉姆齐流域为例,采用PRA法进行实地调研,定量分析了该流域农户的生计资本状况,生计资本对生计策略的影响及不同生计策略对生计资本因子的敏感性特征。研究表明:(1)农户生计资本指数低,各类资本差异明显,且资本的转化能力弱。物质资本得分最高,其次为人力资本、社会资本、金融资本,自然资本最低。(2)以非农为主型生计策略农户的资本总指数最高,生计策略也相对最优;非农型资本总指数次之,但生计风险相对较高;农为主型资本总指数低于前二者,但生计脆弱性相对较低;纯农型资本总指数最低,生计策略组合单一,生计风险相对最高。(3)生计资本及其组合差异是影响农户生计策略选择的重要原因,改善生计资本的配置能够推动农户生计策略的调整和优化。不同生计策略对资本因子的敏感性亦有所差异,提高人力资本和金融资本的投入,对于尼泊尔山区农户积极参与和发展非农生计活动,合理调整和优化生计策略,减小生计风险具有重要意义。

关键词：生计资本生计策略敏感性山区尼泊尔