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Disability: A Case Screening Program Approach

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Journal of Biosciences and Medicines 2017年第2期5卷 10-21页

作者： Sudarshan paudel Lilanath Bhandari Dil Bahadur Bhandari Department of Community Health Sciences Patan Academy of Health Sciences Lalitpur Nepal Department of Public Health HOPE International College Lalitpur Nepal

Disability is an accident waiting to happen in population. Large numbers of population in world are disabled and its prevalence is on the rise. Disabled people have to face two additional challenges namely, limitation in body and social stigmatization on top of other social happening to general public. The stipulation of disability will be subjective because social and physical condition is directly related to it. The study was also envisioned to develop a disability screening approach. The objective was to focus on how disabled has been included in the government’s health plans in Nepal. The study has presented data of 894 disabled people from randomly selected seven VDCs of Makwanpur district. The total population in studied VDCs was 87,502. The study was conducted in coordination with local governing bodies and health development partners during August-October in 2012. The study revealed 1.02 percent prevalence of disability among study population. The majority were suffering physical disability (60.6 percent) followed by deaf (19.7 percent). Based on age group, young adults (15 - 19 years) group was more (31 percent) vulnerable. Out of total, the number of male was higher due to their high exposure in external environment and risk taking behaviour.

关键词： Disability Case Screening Nepal

脑室给予不同剂量的Capsazepine对LPS致大鼠发热过程的影响

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中国药理学通报 2015年第1期31卷 35-38页

作者： Bibek Khanal 施蓓 Puja paudel 张璠秦鑫曹宇中国医科大学基础医学院生理学教研室辽宁沈阳110001

目的在大鼠侧脑室内给予不同剂量的瞬时受体电位香草酸受体1(transient receptor potential vanilloid 1,TRPV1)拮抗剂Capsazepine,观察对LPS致热过程的影响。方法在侧脑室内预先给与3种剂量Capsazepine,随之腹腔给与LPS致热。在腹腔内... 详细信息

目的在大鼠侧脑室内给予不同剂量的瞬时受体电位香草酸受体1(transient receptor potential vanilloid 1,TRPV1)拮抗剂Capsazepine,观察对LPS致热过程的影响。方法在侧脑室内预先给与3种剂量Capsazepine,随之腹腔给与LPS致热。在腹腔内埋植发射子遥测体温变化过程,同时应用荧光测定法检测下丘脑细胞内钙离子浓度的变化,Western blot方法检测TRPV1表达水平。结果随着Capsazepine剂量增大,LPS致大鼠发热水平升高,下丘脑细胞内钙离子浓度减少,TRPV1表达水平降低。结论 Capsazepine作用于大鼠下丘脑,可使LPS诱导的发热水平提高,此效应可能与TRPV1的作用有关。

关键词：发热瞬时受体电位香草酸受体1 Capsazepine LPS 下丘脑 Ca^2+

Early Growth Response 1(Egr-1) and Alzheimer's Disease Neuropathology

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Early Growth Response 1(Egr-1) and Alzheimer's Disease Neuro...

Social determinants that lead to poor knowledge about, and inappropriate precautionary practices towards, avian influenza among butchers in Kathmandu, Nepal

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作者： Hemant K.paudel Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery McGill UniversityCanada

Hyperphosphorylated tau protein is the major component of Neurofibrillary tangles(NFTs) associated with Alzheimer’ s disease(AD).Transcription factor Egr-1 plays a central role in vascular pathologies and is elevated...

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Infectious Diseases of Poverty 2013年第1期2卷 72-81页

作者： Mohan paudel Bimala Acharya Mandira Adhikari Health Right International KathmanduNepal Sahid Gangalal National Heart Center KathmanduNepal. Population Service International KathmanduNepal

Background:Avian influenza(AI)is a global public health *** the knowledge that butchers have about it and the precautionary practices they take against it is crucial for designing future preparedness *** study aimed to identify the social determinants of knowledge and precautionary measures of AI among butchers in the Kathmandu district in ***:The study was based on a cross-sectional study design using structured interview questionnaires and checklists to observe social determinants and the precautionary measures of 120 butchers aged 15 years and above from the Kathmandu ***:The majority of the respondents were male(69.2%)and more than half(53.3%)were from the age group of 25-39 years(mean:31.08,SD:±9.82).Nearly two-thirds(61.3%)of the respondents had a‘poor knowledge’,and the remaining had‘some knowledge’,about *** than half(55.4%)of the respondents were in the category of displaying‘poor practice’towards AI and the remaining half were in the‘satisfactory practice’*** of the respondents had‘adequate knowledge’or displayed‘good practice’.The respondents in the>25 years of age group were less likely[OR 0.169;95%CI(0.056-0.512)]compared to those in the<25 years age group to have a poor knowledge about AI;and the respondents with‘primary education’were more likely[OR 3.265;95%CI(1.326-8.189)]to have a poor knowledge about AI as compared to those who had a secondary or above level of *** who did not know the correct definition of AI were more likely to follow poor practices[OR 4.265;95%CI(1.193-15.242)];and the respondents who did not know the risk groups associated with AI were also more likely to follow poor practices[OR 3.103;95%CI(1.191-8.083)].Conclusion:This study points out the need to address butchers to improve their knowledge of,and more importantly their compliance with,the precautionary measures to prevent avian influenza.

关键词： Cross-sectional survey Influenza in bird Knowledge Nepal Social determinants

Gd-EOB-DTPA （钆塞酸二钠注射液）对肝脏病变的检出价值：磁共振平扫与Gd-EOB-DTPA增强扫描的对比研究

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Gd-EOB-DTPA （钆塞酸二钠注射液）对肝脏病变的检出价值：磁共振...

作者： Ram Chandra paudel（陈达）中南大学

学位级别：硕士

题目：普美显(钆塞酸二钠注射液)对肝脏病变的检出价值：磁共振平扫与普美显增强扫描的对比研究目的：本研究的目的是比较使用普美显增强后的肝细胞期与磁共振平扫及普美显增强扫描其它动态时相所发现肝脏病灶的敏感性。设计：回顾性研... 详细信息

题目：普美显(钆塞酸二钠注射液)对肝脏病变的检出价值：磁共振平扫与普美显增强扫描的对比研究目的：本研究的目的是比较使用普美显增强后的肝细胞期与磁共振平扫及普美显增强扫描其它动态时相所发现肝脏病灶的敏感性。设计：回顾性研究材料和方法：收集所有行MRI平扫及普美显对比增强的肝病患者的磁共振图像资料。采用双盲法,3位阅片者在不同的环境下分别阅读不同序列的图像,并记录下病变的数目、部位及大小等特征。为了避免记忆产生的偏差,将平扫、增强扫描动脉期以及肝细胞期分别间隔一周后再给阅片者阅读。当每个患者完成检查后,3位阅片者一起再次仔细的阅片然后确定病灶数目,建立一个参考标准。病人的临床资料和报告也要考虑,还要参考以前的学者的研究。病灶数目,部位及磁共振的其它一些发现被认为是建立参考标准最有价值的参数。阅片者依照参考标准将每位患者的磁共振图像进行阅片分析得出不同磁共振扫描序列及方法所发现病灶的敏感性。最后,运用统计分析软件SPSS16.0进行统计分析,比较磁共振平扫和使用普美显对比增强后不同时相所发现病灶的敏感性差异,统计学方法使用Wilcoxon秩和检验,设定P<0.05差异有统计学意义。结果：使用普美显对比增强后的肝细胞期比磁共振平扫及普美显增强扫描其它动态时相发现了更多的病灶。普美显增强后的肝细胞期所发现的病灶的敏感性与参考标准相比较,差异没有统计学意义;但是磁共振平扫及普美显增强扫描后的其它动态时相与参考标准相比较,差异有统计学意义。结论：在发现肝脏病灶方面,普美显磁共振增强扫描肝细胞期比磁共振平扫及普美显磁共振增强扫描其它动态时相具有更高敏感性。

关键词： Gd-EOB-DTPA MRI Hepatic lesions

Antioxidant activity and phenol and flavonoid contents of eight medicinal plants from Western Nepal

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Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine 2014年第5期34卷 584-590页

作者： Lalita Subedi Sunita Timalsena Pabitra Duwadi Ritu Thapa Anita paudel Kalpana Parajuli Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences School of Health and Allied SciencesPokhara University

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the antioxidant activity, phenolic and flavonoids contents of selected medicinal plants form the Western region of ***: The antioxidant activity of selected medicinal plants were determined by using 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging activity; total ferric ion reducing ability through spectroscopic analysis. The content of total phenols was determined using Folin-Ciocalteu reagent, whereas Aluminum chloride colorimetric method was used for flavonoid ***: Extracts of Syzygium Operculatus(87%),Astilbe Rivularis(83%) and Mallotus Philippnensis(88%) showed significant free radical scavenging activity with effective concentration(EC50) close to that of ascorbic acid. Syzygium Operculatus(96%),Astilbe Rivularis(97%) and Mallotus Philippnensis(97%) had potent reducing power in concentration dependent fashion. Those plant extract with higher free radical scavenging and ferric reducing effect also showed the greater content of both phenols and flavonoids, suggesting the correlation between polyphenolic content and antioxidant activity. Those plant extracts which showed better antioxidant activity assays, also demonstrated higher total phenol and flavonoid contents. These three plants showed the presence of higher amount of phenols and ***: This study may provide the scientific basis for the traditional use of those plants and may provide valuable idea for further research.

关键词： Plants, medicinal Antioxidants 2, 2-di-phenyl-l-picrylhydrazyl Phenol Flavonoids

Comparative Study of Experimental Enhancement in Free Radical Generation against Monte Carlo Modeled Enhancement in Radiation Dose Deposition Due to the Presence of High Z Materials during Irradiation of Aqueous Media

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International Journal of Medical Physics, Clinical Engineering and Radiation Oncology 2015年第4期4卷 300-307页

作者： Nava paudel Diana Shvydka E. Ishmael Parsai Department of Radiation Oncology The University of Toledo Medical Center Toledo OH USA Department of Radiation Oncology University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences Little Rock AR USA

Purpose: To investigate conflicting results demonstrating higher cell-kill by irradiated high atomic number (Z) material, gold (Au) in tumor compared to Monte Carlo (MC) modeled enhancement in radiation dose deposition, and to compare the difference between radiosensitizing effects of gold and platinum. Methods and Materials: Since a majority of cell kill due to radiation is mediated by free radicals, evaluation of radicals generated from radiolysis of an aqueous medium can provide some insight into cell-kill. Here, free radicals generated due to the radiolysis of water by a clinical Iridium-192 (Ir-192) brachytherapy source in the presence and absence of thin and pure gold or platinum wires were quantified with electron paramagnetic/spin resonance (EPR/ESR) spectrometry and enhancements in free radical generation due to the presence of the wires during radiolysis were calculated. Those enhancements were compared against MC modeled enhancement in radiation dose deposition obtained from the geometry replicating the experimental setup. Results: Enhancements in free radical generation due to 100 and 127 μm diameter gold wires, and 127 μm diameter platinum wire were more than two times higher than the corresponding MC modeled enhancements in radiation dose deposition. Enhancement in hydroxyl free radical (OH?) generation due to thicker wires of gold and platinum were close to the enhancements in radiation dose deposition. The effects were similar for gold and platinum wires of equal diameter. Conclusions: Higher enhancement in radical generation compared to MC modeled enhancement in radiation dose deposition due to micron-size pure gold and platinum wires demonstrates that the surfaces of high Z materials in aqueous media become a secondary source of radicals under radiation field. High surface-to-volume ratio of nanoparticles can make this effect more pronounced, leading to higher cell kill than the predictions based on pure dose enhancement.

关键词： Hydroxyl Radical EPR/ESR Spectrometry Monte Carlo Ir-192 Nanoparticles

The antioxidant activity of selected wild orchids of Nepal

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Journal of Coastal Life Medicine 2016年第9期4卷 731-736页

作者： Mukesh Babu Chand Mukti Ram paudel Bijaya Pant Plant Biochemistry and Plant Biotechnology Laboratory Central Department of BotanyTribhuvan UniversityKirtipurKathmanduNepal

Objective:To assess the antioxidant activity as well as the total polyphenolics and flavonoids content of thirteen extracts from nine wild orchids of ***:First,a preliminary phytochemical screening of thirteen extracts of nine orchids was carried out using established ***,the total polyphenolic and flavonoid contents of each extract were evaluated using the Folin-Ciocalteu's phenol reagent and aluminium chloride methods ***,antioxidant activity was determined by 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl hydrazyl free radical scavenging assay and expressed in terms of half inhibition concentrations(IC50 values).Results:All the tested parameters showed significant variation at P=*** total flavonoids varied with the greatest amounts found in the leaves of Rhynchostylis retusa and the smallest amounts found in the roots of Gastrochilus acutifolius(***).The amount of total polyphenolics was highest in the stems of Vanda cristata and lowest in the leaves of *** activity was highest in the stems of Vanda cristata and lowest in the leaves of ***:Some of the orchid extracts studied exhibited levels of antioxidant activity which were comparable to or even higher than those found for extracts of medicinal plants and orchids studied *** is suggested that drugs and natural food additives can be extracted from those wild orchids with high levels of antioxidant activity.

关键词： Antioxidant activity Polyphenols Flavonoids Orchids

Quantification of anandamide,oleoylethanolamide and palmitoylethanolamide in rodent brain tissue using high performance liquid chromatographyelectrospray mass spectroscopy

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Journal of Pharmaceutical Analysis 2014年第4期4卷 234-241页

作者： Daniel J.Liput Eleftheria Tsakalozou Dana C.Hammell Kalpana S.paudel Kimberly Nixon Audra L.Stinchcomb Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences College of PharmacyUniversity of KentuckyLexingtonKY 40536USA AllTranz LexingtonKY 40505USA Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences College of PharmacySouth CollegeKnoxvilleTN 37922USA Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences School of PharmacyUniversity of MarylandBaltimoreMD 21201USA

Reported concentrations for endocannabinoids and related lipids in biological tissues can vary greatly; therefore, methods used to quantify these compounds need to be validated. This report describes a method to quantify anandamide （AEA）, oleoylethanolamide （OEA） and palmitoylethanolamide （PEA） from rodent brain tissue. Analytes were exwacted using acetonitfile without further sample clean up, resolved on a C 18 reverse-phase column using a gradient mobile phase and detected using eleclmspmy ionization in positive selected ion monitoring mode on a single quadrupole mass spectrometer. The method produced high recovery rates for AEA, OEA and PEA, ranging from 98.1% to 106.2%, 98.5% to 102.2% and 85.4% to 89.5%, respectively. The method resulted in adequate sensitivity with a lower limit of quantification for AEA, OEA

关键词： Endocarmabinoids Acylethanolamides Anandamide OEA PEA LC-MS