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Advances in Mg corrosion and research suggestions

Journal of Magnesium and Alloys 2013年第3期1卷 177-200页

作者： Andrej Atrens Guang-Ling Song Fuyong Cao Zhiming Shi patrick k.bowen The University of Queensland Materials EngineeringBrisbaneQld 4072 Australia bMichigan Technological University Department of Materials Science and EngineeringHoughtonMI49931USA Oak Ridge National Lab Corros Sci&TechnolOak RidgeTN 37831-6156USA

Recent research is summarised with an emphasis on the use of Mg alloys for biodegradable medical *** melt purification using Zr has been shown to provide the opportunity to produce ultra-high-purity Mg alloys,which could lead to stainless ***'s solution may be a good starting model for the study of Mg for biodegradable medical implant applications.A systematic laboratory investigation is needed to elucidate the details of how the corrosion behaviour is controlled by the various constituents of the body *** the evaluation of the Mg corrosion mechanism there is a critical lack of understanding of(i)the amount of hydrogen dissolved in the Mg metal during corrosion,and during anodic polarisation,and(ii)the size film-free area where corrosion occurs,and how to measure this *** the evaluation of the apparent valence of Mg using an applied anodic current density,for reliable values,it is important to apply a sufficiently large applied current *** available data are consistent with the slightly modified uni-positive Mg^(+)ion mechanism,which maintains that(i)the surface of Mg is covered by a partially protective film,and the film-free area increases as the potential becomes more positive(i.e.a catalytic activation process),(ii)corrosion occurs preferentially at breaks in the partial protective film,(iii)corrosion at the breaks in the partially protective film involves the uni-positive Mg ion,(iv)undermining of particles occurs when Mg is severely dissolved,and(v)there may be some self-corrosion not covered by these four processes,which may be associated with crevice-like features on a severely corroded surface or hydride dissolution at relatively negative ***-corrosion might also be possible under condition of essentially uniform ***^(+)has not been experimentally *** existence is postulated as an extremely-short lifetime intermediate in the reaction sequence between metallic Mg and the equilibrium ion Mg^(++).T

关键词： Magnesium Corrosion Stainless Mg Uni-positive Mg^(+) Biodegradation Self-corrosion

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Acquiring Weak Annotations for Tumor Localization in Temporal and Volumetric Data

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Machine Intelligence Research 2024年第2期21卷 318-330页

作者： Yu-Cheng Chou bowen Li Deng-Ping Fan Alan Yuille Zongwei Zhou Department of Computer Science Johns Hopkins UniversityBaltimore 21218USA Computer Vision Lab ETH ZurichZurich 8001Switzerland

Creating large-scale and well-annotated datasets to train AI algorithms is crucial for automated tumor detection and ***,with limited resources,it is challenging to determine the best type of annotations when annotating massive amounts of unlabeled *** address this issue,we focus on polyps in colonoscopy videos and pancreatic tumors in abdominal CT scans;Both applications require significant effort and time for pixel-wise annotation due to the high dimensional nature of the data,involving either temporary or spatial *** this paper,we develop a new annotation strategy,termed Drag&Drop,which simplifies the annotation process to drag and *** annotation strategy is more efficient,particularly for temporal and volumetric imaging,than other types of weak annotations,such as per-pixel,bounding boxes,scribbles,ellipses and ***,to exploit our Drag&Drop annotations,we develop a novel weakly supervised learning method based on the watershed *** results show that our method achieves better detection and localization performance than alternative weak annotations and,more importantly,achieves similar performance to that trained on detailed per-pixel ***,we find that,with limited resources,allocating weak annotations from a diverse patient population can foster models more robust to unseen images than allocating per-pixel annotations for a small set of *** summary,this research proposes an efficient annotation strategy for tumor detection and localization that is less accurate than per-pixel annotations but useful for creating large-scale datasets for screening tumors in various medical modalities.

关键词： Weak annotation detection localization segmentation colonoscopy abdomen

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Co and Phthalocyanine Overlayers on the Quantum-Well System Co(001)/Cu: Spin-Polarized Electron Reflection Experiments

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Journal of Modern Physics 2018年第5期9卷 976-984页

作者： Etienne Urbain Guillaume Garreau patrick Wetzel Samy Boukari Eric Beaurepaire Martin bowen Wolfgang Weber Université de Strasbourg CNRS Institut de Physique et Chimie des Matériaux de Strasbourg Strasbourg France Université de Haute-Alsace CNRS Institut de Science des Matériaux de Mulhouse Mulhouse France

The influence of a Co or phthalocyanine (Pc) molecular overlayer on the properties of quantum-well resonances (QWR) in Cu layers atop Co(001) is studied by means of spin-polarized electron reflection. For Co atoms and Pc molecules, an energy shift of the QWR-induced signal is observed with increasing coverage and is attributed to a variation of the electron reflection phase at the Cu/Co and Cu/Pc interface. For Co we find a linear energy shift in the Cu QWR energy position with increasing coverage down to the sub-monolayer regime. This shows that the phase accumulation model remains accurate within the sub-monolayer regime of a discontinuous interface. An opposite sign in the energy shift between Co and Pc overlayers could reflect an opposite impact on the Cu surface work function of overlayer adsorption.

关键词： Quantum-Well Resonances Spin-Polarized Electron Reflection

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The face of conservation responding to a dynamically changing world

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Integrative Zoology 2015年第5期10卷 436-452页

作者： Ruscena WIEDERHOLT Anne M.TRAINOR Nicole MICHEL patrick D.SHIREY Ronald R.SWAISGOOD Doug TALLAMY Susan C.COOk-PATTON School of Natural Resources and the Environment University of ArizonaTucsonArizonaUSA School of Forestry and Environmental Studies Yale UniversityNew HavenConnecticutUSA and The Nature ConservancyArlingtonVirginiaUSA School of Environment and Sustainability University of SaskatchewanSaskatchewanCanada R.A.Smith National OakmontPennsylvaniaUSA Division of Applied Animal Ecology San Diego Zoo Institute for Conservation ResearchCaliforniaUSA Department of Entomology and Wildlife Ecology University of DelawareNewarkDelawareUSA American Association for Advancement of Science WashingtonDCUSA

In its 40-year history,the science of conservation has faced unprecedented challenges in terms of environmental damage and rapid global change,and environmental problems are only increasing as greater demands are placed on limited natural *** science has been adapting to keep pace with these ***,we highlight contemporary and emerging trends and innovations in conservation science that we believe represent the most effective responses to biodiversity *** focus on specific areas where conservation science has had to adjust its approach to address emerging threats to biodiversity,including habitat destruction and degradation,climate change,declining populations and invasive *** also document changes in attitudes,norms and practices among conservation scientists.A key component to success is engaging and maintaining public support for conservation,which can be facilitated through the use of *** recent trends in conservation and management are innovative and will assist in optimizing conservation strategies,increasing our leverage with the general public and tackling our current environmental challenges.

关键词： global change management strategies paradigm shifts public engagement trends in conservation science

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